2023年上海市長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)高三上學(xué)期高考一模英語(yǔ)試卷含詳解

2022-2023學(xué)年上海市長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)高三第一學(xué)期英語(yǔ)教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研試卷(考試時(shí)間120分鐘;滿(mǎn)分140分)I.ListeningcomprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.自助獲取聽(tīng)力音頻1.A.Totakeaphoto.B.Totraveloverseas.C.Toadoptachild.D.Tolookforanewjob.2.A.Cleaningthekitchen.B.Drawingastreetmap.C.Planninghomeredecoration.D.Paintingthediningroom.3.A.Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.B.Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.C.Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.D.Shehasnotgottheman’scopiesready.4.A.Shewaslatefortheappointment.B.Sheoftenkeptotherpeoplewaiting.C.Sheranintothemanonherwayhere.D.Shecalledherfriendaboutthebook.5A.Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.B.Itgotbadlydamagedontheway.C.ItgotlostattheMadridAirport.D.Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.6.A.Heknowshisweaknesses.B.Heishighlyambitious.C.Hecan’tfacethesituation.D.Heisratherdisappointed.7.A.Theyarebothtoblame.B.Theyarebotheasytoplease.C.Theycanmanagetogetalong.D.Theywillmakepeaceintime.8.A.Practicingaspeechcontest.B.Listeningtosomeloudmusic.C.Preparingforanoralexamination.D.Talkingloudlyonthetelephone.9.A.100%cottonpantsindarkblue.B.Fashionablepantsinbrightcolours.C.Greypantsmadeofpurecotton.D.Somethingtomatchherbrownpants.10.A.Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.B.Shemusthavepaidalotforthegym.C.Hergymexercisehasachievedgoodresults.D.Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Theirtotallynewlooks.B.Hisownsimilarbackground.C.Theirvariedlifestories.D.Hisdreamofbecomingfamous.12.A.Bytraininghairstylistsinabout15countries.B.Bypostingphotoswithstoriesonsocialmedia.C.Byofferingfreeservicestostreetanimalsaswell.D.Byleadingthehomelesstodosomethingfornothing.13.A.Livingconditionsofthehomeless.B.AnInternetcelebrityhairdresser.C.Experiencesofsharingphotosonline.D.Actsofkindnesstothehomeless.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.TheyfeatureinBritishruralculturallife.B.Theyareresponsibleforthetrafficaroundschools.C.Theyhelppupilscrossstreetsintheneighbourhood.D.Theyaredressedinredwithlargeyellowsticksonhead.15.A.Shewassuspectedoftheft.B.Shecouldnotfindherwayhome.C.Shewasmentallydisabled.D.Shewouldbetakentocourtfortrial.16.A.WhyLindawasremovedfromherduty.B.HowMichaelhelpedasickstranger.C.WhatMichaelneededtomakepublic.D.WhereLindawasfoundintrouble.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Signingupmembers.B.Organizingprotests.C.Actingasitsspokesman.D.Savingendangeredanimals.18.A.Anti-nuclearcampaigns.B.Removingindustrialwaste.C.SurveyingtheAtlanticOceanfloor.D.Anti-animal-abusedemonstrations.19.A.Byengaginginviolence.B.Bydisturbingthem.C.Byappealingtothepublic.D.Bytakinglegalaction.20.A.Reserved.B.Uninterested.C.Doubtful.D.Supportive.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.LivingyourbestlifeItwasabrightspringmorninginasuburbanRochester,NewYork,neighborhood.Threeyoungmen,___1___heartswerefullofexcitement,werepreparingforaroadtripacrosstheUnitedStates.Itwouldbetheadventureofalifetime.Iwasoneofthoseyoungmen.Formyfriendsand___2___,goingonacross-countrytripwasatthetopourbucketlists!Abucketlistsimplyliststhingsyouwanttosee,tryoraccomplish___3___yourlifetime.Butit’snotsomethingsimplelikelearningtorideabikeorpassingamathtest.Youneedtodreambig!___4___thismaynotsoundpractical,it’sagoodmentalexerciseandalotoffun.Theskyisthelimit!Why?Becausemakingabucketlistcanpushyoutodosomethingextraordinary!Makingabucketlistcanalsohelpyougetintouchwithyourvalues.Peoplelivebusylives,soit’seasytoget___5___(trap)inlife’sdailyroutines.Buttakingtimetochewover___6___youreallywantfromlifecanhelpyougetafreshperspective.Ifyou’rereadytostartmakingyourownbucketlistyoufirstneedtodecidewhattoputonit.Youcouldmakealistofunusualthingsyou’dliketodo,suchasdoing___7___underwaterphotoshootasamermaid(美人魚(yú)).Ifyouloveanimals,youcouldputatriptoTokyo___8___(visit)anightbirdcaféonyourlist.What’sonmylist?Well,sinceIfancy___9___(look)intothenightsky,IwanttospendafewnightsintheAtacamaDesertinnorthernChile.Iftheskiesareclear,IwouldhaveaviewofthewholeMilkyWayGalaxy!Nowit’syourturn.Whatstrikesyourfancy?You____10____(not)discoverwhatyouarecapableofuntilyoudreamBIG.SectionBDirections:CompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsintheboxEachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.defensivelyB.exitedC.initiativelyD.landscapeE.respondF.thoughtG.toweredH.unaffectedI.uninhabitedJ.welcomingK.windingDangerinthedesertThatdayweweredeepinChile’sAtacamaDesert.Therethe____11____couldoftenbecomparedtoMars.Ourteamoffourfemalemicrobiologistswatchedasacarfullofcuriousmenpulledupbesideus.Becausewewerestrangersina(n)____12____place,ourmindsimmediatelyjumpedtowayswecouldprotectourselves.So,____13____,ourChileanfellowguideliftedthestrongtoolshe’dbeenusingtodigupplantroots.Therestofustriedtolookbraverthanwefelt.WehadcometothisdeserttoconductDNAstudiesongianthorsetailsthatsomehowgrowwellinoneofEarth’sdriestplaces.Weweresearchingforplantsinthemostremotelocations,wheretheywouldbe____14____byhumanactivitiessuchasminingandagriculture.We’dbeenwarnedthatthetripcouldbedangerous.Becauseweweretravelingsofarfromfuelsources,weweretoldtotakealongacanofgas.Ourdestinationwasattheendofa(n)____15____single-lanedirtroadlinedwithburned-outvehiclesthathadnotsuccessfullynegotiatedthesteepdownslope.Oursamplesitewasnearavillage,andthepeoplemightnot,weweretold,____16____positivelytous.Wewereinstructedtoreportourtravelplansatthenearestpolicestationsothatsearchpartieswouldknowwheretolookforusifwedisappeared.Wehadfoundtheamazingplantsandtheirbrightgreenstocks____17____overourheads.Theyarousedthe____18____ofancientwetlandplants.Themenapproachedaswefinishedcollectingoursamples.Wewaitedtenselyasaman____19____thecarandwalkedtowardus.Tooursurpriseandreliefhepolitelyinvitedustovisittheirvillage—theywantedtoshowusalovelychurchofwhichtheywereproud.Thatday,welearnedaboutmorethanthemicrobiomesthathelpdesertplantsgrowwell.Wealsometa(n)_____20_____communitywhohadlikewisebeautifullyadaptedtotheirchallenginghome.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.BesidepencilsharpenersandcalendarsinclassroomsthroughoutMinnesota’sLakevilleAreaSchools,therearenowbigblueboxeswitharedbuttonandthewordPOLICE.Thebuttonsendsatextmessagetoemergencycorrespondents,alertstherestoftheschooltopotentialdanger,and___21___1,200poundsofmagnetic(磁性的)forcetokeepthedoorshut.It’soneofthemeasuresthatMichaelBaumannhasemployedto___22___theschoolsinhisdistrictandprotectagainstactiveshooterssincehebecamesupervisorin2017.Hehiredfourmoreadviserstoimprovemental-healthservices.Heestablishedateamtomonitor___23___threatsofviolence.Hespent$14.4millioninstallingtheemergency-alertsystemandbuildingpanelsintowallsthataredesignedtostopbullets—all___24___helpingstudentsandteacherssurviveanactiveshooter.“Everybodygoestobedandthinks,‘That’llneverhappeninmyschooldistrict.‘Well,Icantellyouasasupervisor,that’sthe___25___dream,”saysBaumann,whopreviouslyservedintheArmy.“Ifeltlikeitwasmy___26___todowhatIcould.”Fearofshootingshasturnedschoolsecurityintoa___27___industry.Themarketforschool-securityequipmentandservicesreached$2.7billionin2017,accordingtoareportbytheresearchfirmOmdia.Thatwasbeforethe2018shootingatMarjoryStonemanDouglasHighSchoolinParkland,Fla.,furtherincreasedthefocusonsecuritymeasuresatschools.TheschoolshootinginUvalde,Texas,onMay24thisyearhasrestartedthediscussionaboutwhethersafetymeasuresatschoolscan___28___massshootings.Andmanypoliticians,afterindicatingthattheyare___29___tosupportgun-safetylawmaking,havearguedinsteadthatheightenedphysicalsecuritymeasuresarenecessarytopreventfutureattacks.____30____,expertssayit’snotclearthatsuchmeasuresactuallymakeschoolssafer.Researchshowsthatthenumberofdeadlyshootingsatschoolshasincreasedsince2012,duringaperiodinwhichprotectivemeasuresalso____31____.Therealsoisn’tclearevidencethatschoolresourceofficers(SROs)improvesafety.SROswere____32____inUvaldeandinParklandbeforethegunmenenteredtheschools,butfailedtostopthoseshootings.“Whenweaddmetaldetectors,observationcameras,increasedpolicepresence,active-shooterdrills,andweturnschoolsintothismixofcastlesand____33____,”saysBryanWarnick,aneducationprofessoratOhioStateUniversity.Althoughmanyschooldistrictsinvestinsecurityinthehopesofpreventingshootings,someworrythatreinforcingschoolsultimatelymakes____34____responsibleforsolvingthegun-violenceoutbreak.“Schoolsare____35____withtrainingsandnewprocedures,”Warnicksays.“It’salargersocialproblemofeasyaccesstoguns,oflackofaccesstomental-healthcare.”21.A.reserves B.sustains C.activates D.balances22.A.construct B.harden C.reopen D.finance23.A.potential B.immediate C.mental D.empty24.A.stoodfor B.dependedon C.referredto D.aimedat25.A.vivid B.horrible C.curious D.foolish26.A.responsibility B.freedom C.instruction D.recreation27.A.state-run B.high-tech C.booming D.domestic28.A.monitor B.witness C.maintain D.cease29.A.reluctant B.supposed C.delighted D.regretful30.A.Instead B.However C.Meanwhile D.Therefore31.A.relaxed B.withdrew C.expanded D.survived32.A.onthescene B.behindtime C.ataloss D.inreturn33.A.hospitals B.prisons C.policestation D.firedepartment34.A.markets B.communities C.psychologists D.educators35.A.securedtightly B.supportedgreatly C.turnedupsidedown D.reformedmoreorlessSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)“It’sawindydayinLagunaSanIgnacio,andthewavesseemtocomefromalldirections,”saidSaraClemenceinBloombergBusinessweek.MychildrenandIareridingona18-footboat—smallenoughthatwecanreachdownintothewaterifagraywhaleswimsupalongside.Andthenweseewhatwe’vecomefor:aheart-shapedshowerofwaterandadarkmassrushingbelowit.Asinstructed,wesplash(濺潑)thewaterstronglytosignalthehugewhale,whichturnsouttobeamotherwithherweeks-oldbaby.Thebabysoonswimsbeneathourboat,emergestoblowmistinmyface,then“l(fā)iesontoitssidelikea2-tonpuppy.”Leaningdown,Itoucheditsskingently.“Itfeelselectric.Also,abitlikepettingahard-boiledegg.”SanIgnacioisoneofveryfewplaceswhereapersoncanpetawhale.ThewhalescomeeachyeartothecoastofBajaCaliforniatogivebirthandtomate.Ifyou’reluckyyoucan“shakehandswithaleatheryfin(鰭)”oreven“plantakissonacold,saltycheek.”Iusuallyworryaboutsuchinteractions,becausewildcreaturescanbecomedeeplystressedbyhumancontact.Butboatnumbersarestrictlylimitedintheseprotectedwaters.Andanywhalethatapproachesaboatdoessoonitsownterms.Likethatbabywhale:“Weseehimafewtimes,andheseemstolikebeingpettedandsplashed.”Sowearetwospecies,connectingthroughtouch,butalsothrougheyecontact:“Morethanonce,afternosingaroundourboat,ayounggrayturnsonitssidesoonedark,baseball-sizeeyeislookingupatus.”Whalersusedtocallgraywhales“devilfish”becausethesemagnificentcreaturesturnviolentwhenthreatened—“or,say,whentheirbabiesareharmed.”Thatmakesitfeelevenmoreofablessingwhen,onourthirddaythere,alargemamawhaleapproachestheboat.“I’msplashingwhenIfeelhernosepressupintomyhand.”Thoughshe’s“wiserandapparentlymorealert”thanherchild,“shestilldecidestotrustus.”36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thewriterwasonawhale-touchingtrip.B.Thewriter’sboatwentdownwithahugewave.C.Thebabywhalesplashedwateralloverthewriter.D.Themotherwhale’sskinfeltashardasaboiledegg.37.By“doessoonitsownterms”(inparagraph2),thewritermeanswhalesinSanIgnacioare______.A.madwithtoomanyvisitors B.readyforhands-onattentionC.restrictedinswimmingroutes D.enclosedintheirsafetyzones38.Graywhalesgotthenameof“devilfish”fromtheir______.A.strangeappearance B.inbornviolenceC.surprisinglyenormoussize D.fiercenessindanger39.Thewriter’simpliedpurposeinthepassageisto______.A.popularizetheknowledgeofwhales B.showadmirationforwhales’motherhoodC.shareanexperienceoftheseavoyage D.advocateharmonybetweenmanandnature(B)TECHNOLOGYSIMPLIFIED—BIGGERANDBETTERWOWCOMPUTER!Easytoread.Easytosee.Easytouse.Justplugitin!“Ilovethiscomputer!Itiseasytoreadandtouse!Igetphotoupdatesfrommychildrenandgrandchildrenallthetime.”–JanetF.NEWNowcomeswith…EnhancedVideoChatFasterEmailLarger22-inchhi-resolutionscreen—easiertosee16%moreviewingareaSimplenavigation—soyounevergetlostIntel?processor—lightningfastComputerisinthemonitor—NobulkytowerTexttoSpeechtranslation—itcanevenreadyouremailstoyou!U.S.BasedCustomerServiceHaveyoueversaidtoyourself“I’dlovetogetacomputer,ifonlyIcouldfigureouthowtouseit.”Well,you’renotalone.Computersweresupposedtomakeourlivessimpler,butthey’vegottensocomplicatedthattheyarenotworththetrouble.Ifthissoundsfamiliar,wehavegreatnewsforyou.Thereisfinallyacomputerthat’sdesignedforsimplicityandeaseofuse.It’stheWOWComputer,anditwasdesignedwithyouinmind.Fromthemomentyouopenthebox,you’llrealizehowdifferenttheWOWComputeris.Thecomponentsareallconnected;allyoudoisplugitintoanoutletandyourhigh-speedInternetconnection.Thenyou’llseethescreen—it’snow22inches.Thisisacompletelynewtouchscreensystem.The“buttons”onthescreenareeasytoseeandeasytounderstand.Allyoudoistouchoneofthem,fromtheWeb,Email,CalendartoGames—younameit...andanewscreenopensup.Callnow,andyou’llfindoutwhytensofthousandsofsatisfiedseniorsarenowenjoyingtheirWOWComputers,emailingtheirgrandchildren,andexperiencingeverythingtheInternethastooffer.Calltoday!?Send&ReceiveEmails?Havevideochatswithfamilyandfriends?SurftheInternet:Getcurrentweatherandnews?PlaygamesOnline:Hundredstochoosefrom!CallnowtollfreeandfindouthowyoucangetthenewWOW!Computer.Mentionpromotionalcode117238forintroductorypricing.1-888-864-0512FREEAutomaticSoftwareUpdates40.By“…,anditwasdesignedwithyouinmind”,thewritermostprobablymeansthattheWOWComputeris______.A.designedbyseniorswithgreatmindsB.designedforseniorswithoutenoughbrainsC.tailoredspeciallytotheelderly’sneedsD.madetoeasetheelderly’sfinancialburdens41.Mary,a77-year-oldladywithpooreye-sight,decidestobuyaWOWComputermostprobablyforallthereasonsexceptthat______.A.itcanevenreademailstotheusersB.ithasa22-inchhi-resolutionscreenC.ithashundredsofonlinegamestochoosefromD.itsbuttonsareeasytoseeandunderstand42.WhichofthefollowingisthesellingpointoftheWOWComputer?A.Low-chargeSoftwareupdates. B.Noput-togethertask.C.Lightning-fastMicrosoftprocessors. D.Discountedintroductoryprice.(C)InthefilmInsideOut,11-year-oldRiley’semotionsarepersonifiedasbrightlycoloredinternalfiguresthatdriveherbehaviors.Thesamefiveemotions—anger,fear,disgust(憎惡),sadness,andjoy—appearineveryothercharacter’sheadaswell,functioninginmuchthesamewayineachindividual.InWesterncultures,thisisthecase,arguespsychologistBatjaMesquitainBetweenUs.Emotionsinsuchcontexts,shewrites,areconsidered“MINE,”or“Mental,INsidetheperson,andEssentialist,”thelatterdefinedinthebookasalwayshavingthesameproperties.Thisconceptionofemotionisnotuniversal,however.Emotionselsewhere,sheargues,arethoughtofas“OURS”—“OUtsidetheperson,Relational,andSituated.”Usingthisdistinction,Mesquitasetsaboutcontrastingemotionsin“theWest,”wheretheindividualisthetopconcern,with“theRest,”wherecommunityisprioritized.MesquitadescribesamaeasacentralemotioninJapaneseculture,whereitbuildsinterdependencebyencouragingtoleranceinparentingprocess.Shedescribeshasham—whichincludesshame,embarrassment,andsocialrespectability—asafundamentalemotionforEgyptianBedouins(游牧人).Suchobservationsprovideabackgroundforhertoexplorearangeofissues,includingchildhoodsocialization,thenatureoffriendship,theroleoflanguageinshapingemotions,andcross-culturalcommunicationinaglobalizedworld.DespiteMesquita’semphasisoncross-culturalemotions,thereislittlediscussionofwhethertheMINE-OURSdichotomy(二分法)accuratelyexplainsglobalculturalvariation.Otherscholarshavenoted,forexample,thathunter-gatherersocietiesatthesametimeemphasizebothindividualself-governmentandsocialcooperation.Andinanapparentcontradictiontoherearlierarguments,MesquitaherselfultimatelyconcludesthatWesternershaveOURSemotions.Takenasawhole,however,thebookcontributesmuchtothediscussionoftheoriginsofemotions,presentingaremarkablecollectionofcross-culturalstudiesintermixedwithpersonalstoriesaboutforeignresidents’strugglestoreunitediverseemotionalandsocialworlds.Inchapter8,forexample,Mesquitadescribesanincidentwhereshe—aDutchnativelivingintheUnitedStates—bumpedintothefamousAmericanpsychologistHazelMarkusataconferenceMarkushelpedorganize.WishingtoexpressunderstandingofMarkus’sworkload,Mesquitadeclared“Youlookalittletired.”TheremarkappearedtomakeMarkusnervousandconfusedbutwasintendedasanexpressionofsympathy—tosympathizeinDutchistoacknowledgesuffering,notoffercomfortasintheUS.Thebook’stake-homemessageisfundamental:Therearenonaturalemotions,noinbornemotions,nouniversalemotions.Mesquitaarguesthatemotionsare“meaningmaking”and“apreparationforaction”andthattheideaof“emotionsasinnerstates”isaWesternconstruct.Instead,shesuggeststhatemotionsarea“dance”cocreatedbetweenpeoplewholiveinaspecificculturalcontextataparticularhistoricalmoment.43.InBetweenUs,Mesquitaindicatesthat______.A.theJapanesebuildkids’emotionofshameinparentingB.MINE-OURSdichotomyistheverycauseofcross-culturalemotionsC.emotionsoutside“theWest”areconsideredcommunity-centredD.hunter-gatherershavebothemotionsof“OURS”and“MINE”44.Wecaninferfromtheincidentinparagraph5that______.A.theemotionofsympathyistoofferhelpinDutchcultureB.foreignresidentsfromdifferentculturesusuallyuniteasoneC.asDutchMesquitashowsherpersonalityofwarmthandcaringD.cross-culturalemotionalexchangesprobablycausemisunderstanding45.WhatisMesquita’smainargumentaboutemotionsinherbook?A.Familyeducationhardlyinfluencesone’semotions.B.Socioculturalcontextslargelycontributetoemotions.C.Westernpeople’semotionshavenopropertiesofOURS.D.Internalfactorsplayavitalroleinshapinghowwefeel.46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Theculturallandscapeofemotions B.TheculturaloriginofemotionsC.Theculturalconventionofemotions D.TheculturalshockofemotionsSectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.RobotsthatserveRobotsusedtobefoundonlyinsciencefiction.Inthe1960s,theanimated(動(dòng)畫(huà)片的)space-agefamilytheJetsonshadaroboticmaidwhocoulddohouseholdtasks.Inthe2014movieBigHero6,therobotBaymaxcoulddiagnoseandhealillnessesinstantly.____47____Inthefieldofmedicine,robotpatientshelptraindoctorsandnursesbypretendingtheyhaveavarietyofhealthconditions.Nowrobotsarefindingahomeinthefoodserviceindustry.Thegloballyspreaddiseaseandresultingeconomiccrisishavecreatedalackofrestaurantworkers.Sincerestaurantsdon’thaveenoughworkers,theremainingstaffmustworkharder.____48____Somebusinesspersonsarelendingahand—arobotichand—intheformofserverrobots.TheserobotsarenotexactlymodeledafterRosey,theJetsons’robotichouseholdservant,buttheyareprettycleverandverycute.Serverrobotscomeinseveraldifferentvarieties.Manyhaveadesignthatlookslikearollingcart.OnemodelnamedBellaevenhasacutecat-likeface.ManyarefairlyshortandshapedlikeR2D2ofStarWarsfame.Theyaredesignedtodeliverdishestocustomersinarestaurant.Theyarealsojusttherightheightforcustomerstoeasilyreachthem.____49____Theycannotonlydeliverdeliciousfoodtohungrycustomers,butalsogetbackdirtydishesattheendofthemeal.____50____Concerningtheprice,aserverrobotcostsfromafewthousandtoseveralthousanddollars.Andin2021,arestaurantevenrentedoneforaslowasUS$15perday.Regardingsafety,specialsensorsontherobotskeepthemfromcrashingintocustomers.Becausetherearen’tenoughrestaurantworkers,fillingpositionswiththeseroboticserversisano-brainer.Don’tbesurprisedifyouseeonerollinguptoyourtablesoon.A.Typically,theirdeliverieshavetooccurwithin30seconds.B.Perhapsyou’rewonderingaboutissuessuchasthecostandsafetyfactors.C.Inrealliferobotsfunctioninmanymanufacturingandhouseholdsituations.D.Regardless,customersfacelongerwaittimes,fewermenuchoicesandhigherprices.E.Serverrobotsareplannedtobegivennewfunctions,suchasperformingandholdingconversationswithcustomers.F.Restaurantownersarefindingserverrobotsidealforperformingrepetitivetasks,howevermanythereare.IV.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.MenmayeatmoreinsummerWintermaybeseenasthetimetofillupwithfood,butinfact,sunnysummermonthsarewhenmeneatmorecalories—unlikewomen.Theeffectseemstooccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghormone(激素),saysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.Levyandhercolleaguesnoticedtheeffectinexperimentsinmice,inwhichmaleanimalsexposedtoUVlight(紫外線)atemorefood.Toseeifhumansdothesame,theteamuseddataonabout3000peoplewhohadfilledinquestionnairesaspartoftheIsraeligovernment’snationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.BetweenMarchandSeptember,themenconsumedabout17percentmorecaloriesperdaythantheydidduringtherestoftheyear,whilethewomen’sfoodintakestayedaboutthesame.Humanappetiteisinfluencedbymanycomplexsystems,butasubstancecalledghrelin,ahormoneproducedinthebodythatstimulatesappetite,seemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectlystimulateseating.Itwasthoughttobemainlyproducedbythestomachwhenempty.“Ittellsthebraintoeatmore,”saysCarolineGorvinattheUniversityofBirmingham,UK.FurtherinvestigationrevealedthatexposingmalemicetoUVB(紫外線B段波)radiation,whichispresentinsunlight,raisedlevelsofghrelinproductionbyfatcellsintheirskin.Thiswasblockedbythefemalesexhormone,whichmayexplainwhytheeffectwasn’tseeninthefemalemiceorthewomen.Boostedghrelinproductionwasalsoseeninmen’sskinsamplesthatwereexposedtoUVlightinthelab.Skinhasn’tpreviouslybeenthoughttoplayaroleinappetite,saysGorvin.Thereason