初中英語代詞講解及練習(xí)

代詞之相禮和熱創(chuàng)作【是什么】.人稱代詞主格、賓格方式及其次要用法；.名詞性物主代詞與描述詞性物主代詞的方式、區(qū)別及其次要用法；反身代詞的方式、意義及其次要用法；稀有不定代詞的一樣平常用法；指示代詞的一樣平常用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；互相代詞的基本用法；疑問代詞的基本用法.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】代詞是代替名詞、描述詞和數(shù)詞的詞.按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、互相代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等.一.人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示.主格賓格第一單數(shù)I我me我人稱復(fù)數(shù)we我們us我們第二單數(shù)you你you你人稱復(fù)數(shù)you你們you你們第單he他him他三數(shù)she她her她人it它it它稱復(fù)數(shù)they他們、她們、它們them他們、她們、它們2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分.通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語.如：Iliketabletennis.（作主語）Doyouknowhim?（作賓語）.人稱代詞還可作表語.作表語時(shí)用賓格.如：---Whosisknockingatthedoor?---It’sme..人稱代詞在than之后與其別人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以.如：Heisolderthanme.HeisolderthanIam.二.物主代詞1.暗示全部關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞.物主代詞分描述詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示.物主代詞描述詞型名詞型單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersitsits復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs2.描述詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于描述詞，可在句中作定語.例如：Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.Thisisherpencil-box.3.名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語.Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.（作主語）---IsthisEnglish-bookyours?（作表語）---No.Mineisinmybag.I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?（作賓語）三.指示代詞指示代詞包含：this,that,these,those..this和these一樣平常用來指在工夫或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指工夫和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如：Thisisapenandthatisapencil．Wearebusythesedays．Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime．.偶然that和those指后面講到過的事物，this和these則是指上面將要講到的事物,例如：Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish．.偶然為了防止反復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替,例如：TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai. 4.this在電話用語中代表本人，that則代表對(duì)方.例如：Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?四.反身代詞英語中用來暗示"我本人","你本人","他本人","我們本人","你們本人"等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞,也有人稱之為本身代名詞,其方式如表所示.反身代詞單數(shù)第一人稱myself第二人稱yourself第三人稱himselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourselves第二人稱yuorselves第三人稱themselves反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語.作賓語，暗示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個(gè)人或一些人. Hecalledhimselfawriter． WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?作表語. Itdoesn'tmatter．I'llbemyselfsoon． Thegirlinthenewsismyself．3.作主語或賓語的同位語，暗示親身或本人.Imyselfwashedtheclothes．（=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.）（作主語同位語）Youshouldasktheteacherhimself．（作賓語同位語）五.不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語.現(xiàn)將幾個(gè)經(jīng)常運(yùn)用的不定代詞舉例闡明如下：some與any的區(qū)別）some多用于一定句，暗示“一些，幾個(gè)”作描述詞時(shí)，后面可以接①不成數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary..Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.2)any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，暗示“一些,任何”用作描述詞時(shí)，后面可以接①不成數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.Thereisn'tanyorangeinthebottle.Haveyougotanytea?3)any和some也可以作代詞用，暗示“一些”.@”多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于一定句中.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Ican'tseeany.Ifyouhavenomoney,I'lllendyousome.留意：與some,any結(jié)合的詞如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在一定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相反.few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作描述詞：“含義、用法0暗示定暗示否定用于可數(shù)名詞Ffafew雖少，但有幾個(gè)few未幾，幾乎沒有用于不成數(shù)名詞alittle,雖少，但有一點(diǎn)little未幾，沒有什么I'mgoingtobuyafewapples.HecanspeakonlyalittleChinese.Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass.Hehasfewfriends.Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem.2)alittle和little也可以用作副詞，alittle暗示“有點(diǎn)，略微“，little暗示“很少”.I'malittlehungry.(修飾描述詞hungry)Lethimsleepalittle.(修飾動(dòng)詞sleep)Mary,goalittlefaster,please.(修飾副詞比較級(jí))Shesleptverylittlelastnight.3.other,theother,another,others,theothers的區(qū)別.用法代名詞描述詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個(gè)others別人，其別人another(boy)另一個(gè)(男孩)other(boys)其他男孩特定theother另一個(gè)theothers別的那些人、物theother(boy)另一個(gè)男孩theother(boys)別的那些男孩1)other可以作描述詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”.Wherearehisotherbooks?Ihaven'tanyotherbooksexceptthisone.)other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“出?other”,暗示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”.常與one搭配構(gòu)成“。^…，theother...”句型.Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsold.Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise-bookintheother.)other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“0出?曲”，泛指“另外的人或物”.常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some....,others...”句型.Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimming.Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please.)“theothers”暗示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”.Wegothomeby4o'clock,buttheothersdidn'tgetbackuntil8o'clock.InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese.5)another可以作描述詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞one.Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can'tyou?Marydoesn'twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone?6)another也可以作代詞用，暗示“另一個(gè)”.I'mstillhungryafterI'vehadthiscake.Pleasegivemeanother.4.every與each的區(qū)別.eachevery1）可單獨(dú)運(yùn)用1）不成單獨(dú)運(yùn)用2）可做代名詞、描述詞2）僅作描述詞3）偏重“個(gè)別”3）偏重“全體”，毫無例外4）用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物4）用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物Theteachergaveatoytoeachchild.Eachballhasadifferentcolour.當(dāng)我們說eachchild,eachstudent或eachteacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的狀況.而當(dāng)我們說everychild和everystudent時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的狀況，every的意思與all接近，暗示他們都云云.EverystudentlovestheEnglishteacher.=AllstudentslovetheEnglishteacher.Everychildlikesplaying.=Allchildrenlikeplaying.all和both的用法.）all指三者以上，或不成數(shù)的東西.謂語動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù).在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語.AllofuslikeMrPope.我們都喜歡Pope老師.（作主語）=WealllikeMrPope.（作同位語）Allthewaterhasbeenusedup.（作主語）That'sallfortoday.（作表語）Whynoteatall（of）thefish?（作賓語）Alltheleadersarehere.（作定語）2）both作代詞.①與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，暗示“兩個(gè)都”.LucyandLilybothagreewithus.Theybothpassedontheirsticksatthesametime.Howareyourparents?They'rebothfine.②與'"十代詞（或名詞）”連用，暗示“兩者都”.BothofthemcametoseeMary.Bothofthebooksareveryinteresting.③單獨(dú)運(yùn)用，暗示“兩者（都）”.Michaelhastwosons.Bothareclever.Idon'tknowwhichbookisthebetter,Ishallreadboth.3）both用作描述詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，暗示“兩者都”.Bothhisyoungersistersareourclassmates..Therearetalltreesonbothsidesofthestreet.六.互相代詞暗示互相關(guān)系的代詞叫做互相代詞.互相代詞有eachother和oneanother兩種方式.在當(dāng)代英語中，eachother和oneanother沒有什么區(qū)別.互相代詞可在句中作賓語，定語.作定語用時(shí)，互相代詞用全部格方式.Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.（作賓語）Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?（作賓語）Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.（作定語）Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother'smistakesintheirhomework.（作定語）七.疑問代詞疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等.疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一樣平常都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分.例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?（作主語）Whatisthat?（作表語）Whoseumbrellaisthis?（作定語）Whomareyouwaitingfor?（作賓語）關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞.關(guān)系代詞有who,whose,whom,that,which.它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語.在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞.例如：Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.I’mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster?【實(shí)例解析】（2004年北京市中考試題）Mary,pleaseshow yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me答案：D.該提考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法.在本題中，動(dòng)詞show的后面要跟雙賓語，空白處短少一個(gè)間接賓語，以是應(yīng)選me.（2004年北京市中考試題）---What’sonTVtonight?Isthere interesting?---I’mafraidnot.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything答案上.該提考查的是不定代詞的用法.這是一個(gè)疑問句.在疑問句中，通經(jīng)常運(yùn)用anything.（2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題） ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each答案：D.該題考查的是不定代詞用法.由于謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)方式，以是Both和Some都分歧錯(cuò)誤.Every不克不及作主語，以是只要Each適宜.（2004年安徽省中考試題）---Whereismypen?---Oh,sorry.Ihavetaken bymistake.A.yoursB.hisC.mineD.hers答案：A.該題考查的是物主代詞的用法.根據(jù)題干的布景，我們可以判別出錯(cuò)拿的鋼筆應(yīng)該是對(duì)方的，以是選yours.【中考演練】單項(xiàng)填空Tom,Pleasepass theglasses.Iwanttoreadthenewspapers.A.youB.meC.himD.herTheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few---Youwant sandwich?---Yes,IusuallyeatalotwhenI’mhungry.A.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theotherThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.Theythinkmoreofothersthan .A.theyB.themC.themselvesD.theirs---Whichdoyouprefer,abottleoforangeorabottleofmilk?--- ,thanks.I’dlikeacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None---Oh!Icameinahurryandforgottobringfood.---Nevermind.Youcanhave .A.usB.oursC.youD.yours---CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?--- isOK.I’mfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None---Howareyougoingtoimprove thisterm?---Workharderthanlastterm.A.ourselvesB.myselfC.himselfD.yourself---Couldyoutellme sheislookingfor?---Hercousin,Susan.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which---Is here?---No.LiLeiandHanMeihaveaskedforleave.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobodyPaulhas friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.moreIfyouwanttobookaround-tripticket,you’llhavetopay $30.A.moreB.otherC.theotherD.another---Doyoulivebyyourself,MrWang?---Yes.Ihavetwosons.But ofthemliveswithme.TheyarenowstudyinginAmerica?A.neitherB.bothC.noneD.either---HaveyousentyourparentsanE-mailtellingthemyouarrivedsafe?---No. ofthemcanuseacomputer.A.NoneB.BothC.NeitherD.AllWhotaught Englishlastterm?Was Mr.Smith?A.you;itB.you;heC.your;itD.your;that---Thatwomanhasabaginherrighthand.What’sinher hand?A.anotherB.otherC.oneD.theotherWedecidedtogoforafieldtripwithsomefriendsofA.usB.ourC.oursD.ourselves---Isthereabustothezoo?---I’mafraidthere’s bustothezoo.A.noB.anyC.someD.noneYouforgotyourdictionary?Youmayhave .A.meB.myC.mineD.myselfThisis classroom.Whereis ?A.our;themB.us;theyC.our;theirsD.ours;theirs用所給代詞的得當(dāng)方式填空Thisisnotmypencil-box. (I)isinthebag.Treesareplantedin (we)countryeveryyear,whichmakesourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.---IsthatbikeMissGao’s?---Yes,itis (she).Beautiful,isn’tit?Help (you)tosomefruit,Jack.---Whotaughtyourbrothertosurf?---Nobody.Helearntallby (he).TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but (we)isfromEngland.Mary’sanswerisdifferentfrom (I).---Mywatchkeepsgoodtime.Whatabout (you)?---Mine?Oh,twominutesslow.Samismybrother.Doyouliketoplaywith (he)?Didyouenjoy (you),MaryandKate?用得當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker, isateacher.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning;somelikeswimming; likeballgames.Let’sgoandhaveadrink.We’vegot timebeforethetrainleaves.Wewereallverytired,but ofuswouldliketohavearest. ofthetwins