2012年中考英語考點知識10定語從句素材

（一）agoodbookgoodbook。用，又被叫做定語從句(Thettrbuivelause)。有一點不同的是這個從句不是像形容詞那樣放于名詞前而是放在名詞之后它所修飾的名詞又被叫作先行詞如：Doyounwthescientistogavesetalkhisafteon?這句的主句是oyounwescnt?你知道那位科學家嗎?而whogaveshelkhisaernoon(他天下午給我們作的報告。是定語從句。所以這兩句話合為一體即是：你認識今天下午給我們作報告的那位科學家嗎?這里scintist叫作先行詞而who作定語從句的引導詞。who在定從句中起主語的作用，who數(shù)與它的先行詞相同又如：oumustdoeveythingthatIdo 這里先詞是everytng，而thatIdo是定語從句此句應譯為你必須作我所作的一切。hat叫作定語從句的引導詞在句中作do的語。引導定語從句的引導詞有關(guān)系代詞：tht，whic，ho，who，wose關(guān)系副詞en，wer，y，。不論關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞都應放于先行詞和定語從句之間起聯(lián)系作用但它們都要在定語從句中起語法作用充當一個成份。如關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中不是作主語便是作賓語，而關(guān)系副詞則是作狀語。我們先來看關(guān)系代詞的用法。①thatAplaneisamachinethatcanfly這里machinethat是關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。這句譯為：飛機是一種會飛Ilikethebookthat)youlentmeyesterdaybook時可以省略，即：IlikethebookyoulentmeyesterdaywhichThebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooks這里shop是先行詞，which在從句中作主語。又如：Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful這里主句是Thebookwaswonderful而定語從句是修飾主句的主語book，即我昨晚讀的那本書，which在定語從句中作read的賓語，可以省略。③who，whom，whosewho在定語從句中作主語，whom是who的賓格，在whose則是形容詞性物主代詞，在從句中作定語，如：ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend昨天參觀我們學校的人是一位美國朋友。WhoWho'sthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你剛才與之談話的那個女人是誰?whomto的賓語，可以省略，而在現(xiàn)代英語中，句首的whom也常常可用who代替。ThisisourclassmateMarywhosehomeisnotfarfromourschool這是我們的同學 Isawtheman. HeclosedthedoorIsawthemanwho(that)closedtheThegirlishappy ThegirlwhowontheraceishappyThestudentsarefromChina TheysitinthefrontrowThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina(studentswho的數(shù)也應看作復數(shù)。Wearestudyingsentences Wearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectiveThetaxidriverwasfriendly HetookmetotheairportThetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly Thebookwasgood ThebookthatIreadwasgoodThebookIreadwasgoodThepeoplewereverynice Thepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice Themancalledthepolice ThemanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepoliceIcomefromacountry ItshistorygoesbackthousandsofyearsIcomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyearsIhavetocalltheman IpickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeetingIhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeetingwhomwhich在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語whomwhich與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置ThatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyearsThatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenHewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingforwhom可以lookforfor放于定語從句之前。that作關(guān)系代詞作talkingabouthascometoourschool這時不可用aboutthat…請看下面例句：Themeetingwasinteresting ThemeetingthatIwenttowasinterestingThemanwasverykind ItalkedtohimyesterdayThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykindImustthankthepeople IgotapresentfromhimImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfromThepicturewasbeautiful ShewaslookingatitThepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautifulThemanisstandingoverthere ItoldyouabouthimThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingovertherewhenwherewhywhen用來指時間，在定語IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWallwhere則指地點，如：Thisisthehousewheretheoldman Thecitywasbeautiful ThecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautifulThatistherestaurant IwillmeetyouthereThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyouThetownissmall ThetownwhereIgrewupissmallThatisthedrawer IkeepmynewpapersthereThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapersMondayistheday WewillcomethenMondayisthe Whenwewill７∶０５isthetimeMyplanearrivesisthetimewhenmyplane isthe Therevolutiontookplace １９６０istheyearwhentherevolutiontookJulyisthemonth TheweatherisusuallythehottestthenJulyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest意義就表述不明。這種句型一般定語從句緊接先行詞，如：IwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvitedStatesthroughtheseyears，wasshotonApril１４，１８６５atatheatreinwashingtonGalileolivedinthecityofPisawherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feet（二）［誤］Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachme［正］Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachesme［析］whotheperson單數(shù)決定，應該用單數(shù)謂語動詞。又如：IwhoamastudentwanttofindasparetimejobwhoI是一致的，所以其謂語動詞應該am。［誤］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetduringtheSecondWorld［正］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduringtheSecondWorld［析］who，因為其先行詞有兩個一個是things(物)，而另一個people人)whowhichthat［誤］ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywasvery［正］ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdaywasvery［析］whichwhenwhowhomwherewhenwhose等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣，而獨有that不易用于非限制性定語從句。［誤］ThedictionarywhichIlentityesterdayisaveryuseful［正］ThedictionarywhichIlentyesterdayisaveryuseful［析］［誤］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhichcomesfrom［正］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhocomesfrom［析］theoneanyonethosewhich用who［誤］Thisistheroominthattheoldman［正］Thisistheroominwhichtheoldman［正］Thisistheroomwhichtheoldmanlives［正］Thisistheroomthattheoldmanlives［析］thatthat作引導詞，而且可以省略。如：Thisistheroomtheoldmanlivesin［誤］Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodfor［正］Icandoeverythingthatisgoodfortheone等不定代詞時，雖然它們指的是物體，但不要用which而用that作定語從句的引［誤］Theonlythingwhichthestudentscandoisstudying［正］Theonlythingthatthestudentscandoisstudying［析］onlyanyfewlittlenoalloneof等詞修飾時，雖然先行詞指的是物，也不要用which作關(guān)系代詞，而要用that。［誤］ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichI'veever［正］Thisisthef