《新視野英語(yǔ)教程(第三版)》2-UNIT-2Trends-and-Fads課件

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TrendsandFadsUnit2NEWHORIZONENGLISHCOURSESBookTwoUnit2Trends

andFads1Aroundthe

Topic2Section

A3SectionB4SectionCLeadinginExploringtheTopicPlusActivitiesWarming-upTextAExercisesBackgroundInformationReadingThroughExercisesRelatedKnowledgeSampleReadingExercisesUsefulTermsWouldyoufeelkindofshyshowingyourfriendspicturesofyourselffromseveralyearsago?Why?Weallhavepictureswe’dratherforgetbecausewelook“funny”—ourhair,ourclothes—whatwethoughtwas“cool”thenisalmostcertainlysillytolookatnow.Fashionchangessofastinthisworld;whocankeepup,really?Infact,whatyou’rewearingrightthisveryminutewillprobablybequiteoutofstyleinfiveminutesorso!What’sapersontodo?Directions:Inthissectionyou’lllistentosomeonetalkingabouttrendsandfads.Whilelistening,supplythemissinginformationineachofthefollowingsentences.Yearin,yearout,wefindsomethingcominginandoutoffashionineveryaspectoflife,fromhairstyletofood,musictolanguage,andeven1)__________________.

Someofthesechangesinourlifestylemaybeexplainedby2)__________________,butcertainlynotallofthese.

wheretoexercisedesireformoneyFashionsmaybeoftwokinds:3)_____________.Atrendlastslongerthanafadandbecomesatruepartof4)______________.

5)__________________isnodoubtatrendamongmostwomen.Somecollegestudentswouldmarry6)__________________orevenathiefthansomeonefat.

trendsandfadsmoderncultureStayingthinadruguserDirections:Youwillhearashortpassage.Listencarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatisyourideaoffashion?Howdoesitchangewithtime?2.Whatarethetypicalfashionableitemsamongcollegestudentstoday?keykeySuggestedanswer:

Fashionissomethingpopularamongpeopleduringcertaintime,butitisalwaysfunandinterestingtoseehowstyle,trendsandfadschangeourlivesovertheyearsandhowtheyeventrytomakeacomebackinoursociety.Everyoneremembersafavoritetoyorsomethingpopularthatheorshegrewupwith,buttheyhavemovedoutoflifewiththepassingoftime.

ReturnSuggestedanswer:

WhenitcomestothetypicalfashionableItemspossessedbythecollegestudentstoday,sofarasIknow,thefollowingthingsareworthmentioning.Theyarecomputer(bothforlearningandgames),Mobilephone(forcommunication)andMP3(bothforlearningandentertaining).ReturnListenandanswerthefollowingquestions3.Doyouthinkfashionisgoodornot?4.Whydopeopleliketofollowthefashion?keykeySuggestedanswer:

Inmyopinion,fashionisgoodforthefollowingreasons.Firstofall,itmakeslifeDifferentfromtimetotime,thusenrichingourlifebyprovidingwithsomethingnewandcolorful.Second,ithelpsusmakechoiceswhileshopping.Third,ithelpspromotebusinessandthenationaleconomy.ReturnSuggestedanswer:

TofollowthefashionsseemstohaveBecomethegeneraltrendamongyoungpeopleinthemodernsociety.Butifweanalyzethereasons,thefollowingpointsshouldbetakenintoaccount.Firstly,theydon’twanttobeconsideredout-of-date.Secondly,theyhaveastrongdesiretoshowtheyaredifferentfromothers.LastbutNottheleast,theyarecuriousaboutandinterestedinanythingthatisnew.ReturnOurChangingLifestyle:TrendsandFadsSectionA:Lookatthepicturesbelow,anddiscusswithyourclassmates:howhaspeople’slifechangedinChinaduringthepast60years?Reference:布拉吉one-piecedress中山裝Chinesetunicsuit解放鞋liberationshoes工裝褲overalls;dungarees;jeans喇叭褲

theflaredtrousers;thebell-bottoms?；晟?/p>

asailor’sstripedshirt蛤蟆鏡goggles

糧票 graincoupons搪瓷杯

anenamelledcup雪花膏 facecream連環(huán)畫(huà) serialpictures水槍 waterpistols彈弓 aslingshot;acatapult掌上游戲機(jī) handheldgameconsoleReference:OurChangingLifestyle:TrendsandFadsThesedays,lifestyleshaveatendencytochangesofast.Itismorethanjust

clothing

andhairstylesthatareinstyle

oneyearandoutofdatethenext;it’sawholewayofliving.Para.1我們不斷變化的生活方式：潮流和時(shí)尚如今，生活方式有種迅速變化的趨勢(shì)。迅速變化的不僅僅只是一年流行而第二年就過(guò)時(shí)的服飾和發(fā)型，而是整個(gè)生活方式。Oneyear,peoplewearhatsandbluejeans;theydrinkwhitewineandeatatJapaneserestaurants:forexercisetheyrunseveralmilesaday.Thenextyear,however,everythinghaschanged:womenwearlongskirts;peopledrinkexpensivewaterfromFrance,andeatatItalianrestaurants:everyoneseemstobeexercisingathealthclubs.Para.2曾幾何時(shí)，人們戴帽子，穿牛仔褲，喝白葡萄酒，到日本餐館就餐，每天跑幾英里健身。但到了第二年，所有這一切都變了：婦女們穿長(zhǎng)裙，人們喝昂貴的法國(guó)進(jìn)口水，到意大利餐館就餐，似乎每個(gè)人都在健身俱樂(lè)部里鍛煉身體。

Almostnothinginmodernlifegetsawayfromtheinfluenceoffashion:food,music,exercise,books,language,movies,furniture,andevennamesgoinandoutoffashion.Theintereststhatpeoplefollowcanchangeveryquickly.Para.3現(xiàn)代生活中幾乎沒(méi)有什么能逃過(guò)時(shí)尚的影響：食品、音樂(lè)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、書(shū)籍、語(yǔ)言、電影、家具，甚至名字都會(huì)經(jīng)歷時(shí)髦或者過(guò)時(shí)的過(guò)程。人們追隨的興趣愛(ài)好會(huì)很快地改變。

IntheUnitedStates,evenpeoplecanbe“in”or“out”.Americansenjoyfollowingthelivesoffamouspeople:actors,sportsheroes,well-knownartists,politicians,andthelike.Para.4

在美國(guó)，甚至人也可以變得時(shí)尚或者過(guò)時(shí)。美國(guó)人喜歡追隨名人的生活方式：演員、體育明星、著名藝人、政治家等。但是美國(guó)人也十分注意一點(diǎn)特殊才能都沒(méi)有的人。ButAmericansalsopayalotofattentiontopeoplewhohavenospecialabilityatall.In1981,forexample,anunknownelderlywomanappearedinaTVadvertisementinwhichshelookedataverysmallhamburgerandcomplainedloudly,“Where’sthebeef?”Thesethreewordsmadeherfamous.Suddenlysheappearedinmagazinesandnewspapers,andonTVshows.Shewasimmediatelypopular.Shewas“in”.However,thiskindoffamedoesnotlastlong.Suchpeoplearefamousforaveryshorttime—theyarefads.Para.4比如，1981年，一位名不見(jiàn)經(jīng)傳的老婦人出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)電視廣告里，她看著一只很小的漢堡包，大聲抱怨道：“牛肉呢？”這三個(gè)字使她成了名。一時(shí)之間，她在雜志、報(bào)紙和電視上頻頻亮相，一下子大受歡迎，成了時(shí)尚。但是，這種名聲并不持久。這種人只是在很短的一段時(shí)間里為眾人所知——他們只是時(shí)尚。Whatcausessuchfadstocomeandgo?Althoughclothingdesignersinfluencefadsinfashionbecausetheywanttomakemoney,thisdesireformoneydoesn’texplainfadsinotherareas,suchaslanguage.Para.5是什么使這種時(shí)尚來(lái)得快也去得快？盡管時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師影響時(shí)裝潮流為的是賺錢(qián)，但這種賺錢(qián)的欲望并不能解釋其他方面的時(shí)尚，例如語(yǔ)言。Forexample,whyhaveteenagersinthepasttwenty-fiveyearsused—atdifferenttimes—thewordsgroovyorawesomeinconversationinsteadofsimplysayingwonderful?Accordingtoanexpertinpopularculture,peoplewhofollowfadsarenotfoolishorvain;theysimplywanttobepartofsomethingnewandcreative.Para.5比如，為什么青少年在過(guò)去25年里的不同時(shí)代，談話(huà)時(shí)使用“groovy（帥呆了）”或者“awesome（太棒了）”這樣的詞，而不只說(shuō)“wonderful（好極了）”了呢？據(jù)一位流行文化專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，追隨時(shí)尚的人并不是愚蠢或愛(ài)慕虛榮；他們只是想成為富有創(chuàng)造性的新事物的一部分。FadsarenotlimitedtotheUnitedStates,however.Fadsarecommoninanycountrythathasastrongeconomy(e.g.Britain,Japan,andGermany).However,intheUnitedStates,thereisanadditionalreasonforfads:

mostAmericansseemtofeelthatsomethingiswrongifthereisn’tfrequentchangeintheirlives.Para.6

不過(guò)，時(shí)尚并不只是美國(guó)才有。任何經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)（如英國(guó)、日本、德國(guó)）都有時(shí)尚。但是，在美國(guó)，時(shí)尚發(fā)生另有原因：大多數(shù)美國(guó)人似乎覺(jué)得，如果他們的生活沒(méi)有發(fā)生頻繁的變化，那一定有什么地方不對(duì)勁了。It’ssometimesdifficulttoseethedifferencebetweenafadandatrend.Afadlastsaveryshorttimeandisnotveryimportant.Asocialtrend,however,survivesalongtimeandbecomesatruepartofmodernculture.Theuseofpersonalcomputers,forexample,isatrend;afad,ontheotherhand,couldbetheuseofcertaintypesofcomputergames.Whoknowswhatchangesinlifestylewillhappennext?Para.7&8有時(shí)候很難區(qū)別時(shí)尚和潮流。時(shí)尚持續(xù)時(shí)間很短，也不太重要。但是一種社會(huì)潮流能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間存在，并且真正成為現(xiàn)代文化的一部分。例如，使用個(gè)人電腦是一種潮流，而使用某種電腦游戲只可能成為一種時(shí)尚。誰(shuí)知道今后的生活方式又會(huì)發(fā)生什么樣的變化呢？

Ourlifestyleischangingallthetimeandtherearedifferenttrendsandfadsatdifferenttimes.Notonlyclothingandhairstyle,butalsothewholewayoflivingarechangingrapidly.Butwhydofadschangesoquickly?Forsomepeople,theyjustwanttomakemoneywhileforothers,theysimplywanttotakepartinnewandoriginalactivities.Inspiteofthedifferencebetweenafadandatrend,fadsexistineverycountry.Andnooneknowswhatchangesinlifestylewillhappennext.MainIdeaMainidea:

Whoknowswhatchangesinlifestylewillhappennext?(Thisisarhetoricalquestion,whichamountstoaverystrongnegativestatementineffect:Nooneknowswhatchangesinlifestylewillhappennext!)StructureMainidea:1.Almostnothinginmodernlifegetsawayfromtheinfluenceoffashion.(Paras.2,3,and4)2.Causesforfads(atypeoffashion)(Paras.5and6)3.Differencesbetweenfadsandtrends(Para.7)PartII:Para.2-7PartIV

:

Para.8PartI:

Para.1Meaning:Ourlifestyleischangingallthetimeandtherearedifferenttrendsandfadsatdifferenttimes.

1

OurChangingLifestyle:TrendsandFadsThesedays,lifestyleshaveatendencytochangesofast.Meaning:Thesedays,itseemsthatlifestylestendtochangefast.2Meaning:Notonlyclothingandhairstyles,butalsothewholelifestyles,arechangingrapidly:theycomeintofashiononeyear,andgooutoffashionthenext.Thistendencyhasbecomeawholewayofliving.3

Itismorethanjustclothingandhairstylesthatareinstyleoneyearandoutofdatethenext;it’sawholewayofliving.Meaning:Almosteverythinginmodernlifeisinfluencedbyfashion...4Almostnothinginmodernlifegetsawayfromtheinfluenceoffashion...Meaning:...almostanything,includingfood,music,exercise,books,language,movies,furniture,andevennames,canbepopularatcertaintimesandstopbeingpopularatothertimes.5

...food,music,exercise,books,languages,movies,furniture,andevennamesgoinandoutoffashion.Meaning:IntheUnitedStates,evenpeoplecanbeinfashionoroutoffashion.6

IntheUnitedStates,evenpeoplecanbe“in”or“out”.Americansenjoyfollowingthelivesoffamouspeople:actors,sportsheroes,well-knownartists,politicians,andthelike.7Meaning:Americansenjoylearningaboutthelifestylesoffamouspeople,suchasactors,sportsheroes,well-knownartists,politiciansandsoon,andtrytoleadasimilarlife.ButAmericansalsopayalotofattentiontopeoplewhohavenospecialabilityatall.Meaning:ButAmericansalsotakemuchnoticeofpeoplewhoarejustordinary.8Meaning:In1981,forexample,anunknownElderlyWomanwasonTVinanadvertisement.Inthisadvertisement,shelookedataverysmallHamburgerand,feelingdissatisfied,saidloudlyandangrily,“Where’sthebeef?”9

In1981,forexample,anunknownelderlywomanappearedinaTVadvertisementinwhichshelookedataverysmallhamburgerandcomplainedloudly,“Where’sthebeef?”Meaning:Suddenlyshebecamesopopularthathernameappearedinmagazinesandnewspapers,andshewasinvitedtotakepartinTVprograms.10Suddenlysheappearedinmagazinesandnewspapers,andonTVshows.Meaning:However,thesekindsofpeoplebecomewellknownandarewidelytalkedaboutforonlyashorttime.11

However,thiskindoffamedoesnotlastlong.Meaning:Whydosuchfadschangesoquickly?

Whatcausessuchfadstocomeandgo?12Meaning:Clothingdesignersstartnewfadsintheareaoffashionbecausetheywanttoearnmoney,butfadsinotherareas,suchasfadsintheareaoflanguage,arenotcausedbypeople’sdesiretoearnmoney.13

Althoughclothingdesignersinfluencefadsinfashionbecausetheywanttomakemoney,thisdesireformoneydoesn’texplainfadsinotherareas,suchaslanguage.Meaning:Forexample,whyhavetheyoungpeopleusedthewords“groovy”or“awesome”atdifferenttalkingtoothersandnotsimplyused“wonderful”,whichhasthesamemeaning?14

Forexample,whyhaveteenagersinthepasttwenty-fiveyearsused—atdifferenttimes—thewordsgroovyorawesomeinconversationinsteadofsimplysayingwonderful?Meaning:Anexpertwhostudiespopularculturesaysthatpeoplefollowfashionableinterestsoractivitiesneitherbecausetheydon’thavegoodsensenorbecausetheyThinktoohighlyofthemselves...15

Accordingtoanexpertinpopularculture,peoplewhofollowfadsarenotfoolishorvain...Meaning:...theysimplywanttotakepartinnewandoriginalactivities.16

...theysimplywanttobepartofsomethingnewandcreative.Meaning:However,fadsexistnotonlyintheUnitedStates,butalsoinothercountries.17

FadsarenotlimitedtotheUnitedStates,however.Meaning:Fadsarecommoninanydevelopedcountry,suchasBritain,Japan,andGermany.18Fadsarecommoninanycountrythathasastrongeconomy(e.g.Britain,Japan,andGermany).However,intheUnitedStates,thereisanadditionalreasonforfads...19Meaning:However,fadsexistintheUnitedStatesforstillanotherreason...Meaning:...itseemsthatformostAmericans,theirlivesshouldoftenchange;otherwise,theyfeelthereissomethingwrong.20

...mostAmericansseemtofeelthatsomethingiswrongifthereisn’tfrequentchangeintheirlives.Meaning:Butasocialtrendcontinuestoexistforalongtimeandthenbecomesarealpartofmodernculture.21Asocialtrend,however,survivesalongtimeandbecomesatruepartofmodernculture.Meaning:Itishardtotellwhatchangesinlifestylewillhappennext.22Whoknowswhatchangesinlifestylewillhappennext?NewwordstrendfadtendencyclothinghairstylelivingfashionunknownfurnitureheropoliticianappearadvertisementcomplainbeefmagazinefamecausedesignerdesireareateenagergroovyawesomefoolishvaincreativeeconomyadditionalfrequentsurvivePhrasesandexpressionsoutofdatein/outoffashionandthelikepayattentiontocomeandgo

makemoneymorethanjustinstylegetawayfrom

trendn.1)[C]afashionorstyle時(shí)尚；時(shí)髦

e.g.Madonnaisaperfectillustrationofatrend.麥當(dāng)娜是時(shí)尚的完美詮釋。2)[C]ageneraltendencyordirectioninthewayasituationischangingordeveloping傾向；趨勢(shì)；趨向e.g.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,theearthwillbemuchwarmerinfiftyyears.按目前的趨勢(shì)，50年后地球上的溫度比現(xiàn)在熱得多。Thereisatrendamongyoungpeopletostudyabroad.

Thereisagrowingtrendtowardspaymentbycreditcard.Practice:

1.

用信用卡支付的趨勢(shì)越來(lái)越明顯。

2.

年輕人中流行出國(guó)留學(xué)。[C]ageneralmovementordevelopmentinacertaindirectionortowardsacertaincondition傾向；趨勢(shì)；趨向e.g.Unhappyparentshaveatendencytobringupunhappychildren.

不幸福的父母養(yǎng)育的子女也往往不幸福。她天生比較謹(jǐn)慎。

Shehasanaturaltendencytowardcaution.tendency

Practice:n.[C]aninterestoractivitythatisfollowedverykeenly,butusuallyonlyforashorttime流行一時(shí)的狂熱（行為）；時(shí)尚；風(fēng)尚e.g.Youdon’tneedtoworry—it’sjustafadandwillpasssoon.你不必?fù)?dān)心，這只是一時(shí)的狂熱，很快就會(huì)過(guò)去的。fad別這么幼稚，老是趕時(shí)髦。Don’tbesochildishastofollowfadsallthetime.Practice:n.[U]clothesingeneral（總稱(chēng)）衣物；服裝e.g.Charitieshavedeliveredfoodandclothingtothedisasterarea.慈善機(jī)構(gòu)已把食品藥物運(yùn)送到了災(zāi)區(qū)。clothing由于寒冷，人們穿著厚實(shí)保暖的衣服。Becauseofthecold,peoplewerewearingheavywarmclothing.Practice:n.[U]thestyleinwhichsomeone’shairiscutandarranged發(fā)型e.g.Sheseemstochangeherhairstyleeveryweek.她似乎每周都改變發(fā)型。hairstyle你的新發(fā)型使你更美。Youlookbetterinyournewhairstyle.Practice:n.[U]awayorstyleoflife生活方式e.g.Theseyearsthecostoflivinghasrisensharply.這些年生活費(fèi)用急劇上漲。living我們的生活方式與30年前的大不一樣。Ourstyleoflivingisverydifferentfromthatof30yearsago.Practice:n.[singular;U]apopularstyleofclothes,hair,etc.ataparticulartimeorplace;thestateofbeingpopular流行款式e.g.Youngwomenalwaysfindithardtokeepupwiththelatestfashions.年輕女性總是發(fā)覺(jué)難以跟上最新的流行款式。Someownersofdogsareoftenjustfollowingafashion.有些養(yǎng)狗的人常常只是追隨時(shí)尚。fashionPractice:n.[U]largemovablearticlessuchasbeds,tablesandchairsthatareplacedinaroomorhouse家具e.g.Theyleftthefurniturecoveredwithsheets.他們用床單遮蓋家具。從一個(gè)人選擇的家具可以看出他/她的個(gè)性。Wecantellaperson’snaturefromhisorherchoicesinfurniture.furnitureNoticethat“furniture”isanuncountablenounandsonevertakesitspluralform.For“一件家具”,wesayapiece/anarticleoffurniture;for“兩件家具”,wesaytwopieces/twoarticlesoffurniture.Practice:n.1)[C]someonewhoisadmiredfortheirbravery,aparticularskillorgreatability英雄；勇士

e.g.RobinHoodisamythicalhero.羅賓漢是傳說(shuō)中的英雄。2)[C]themostimportantcharacterinaplay,poem,story,etc.（戲劇、詩(shī)歌、小說(shuō)等中的）男主角；男主人公

e.g.Shelikedthefilmonlybecauseshelikedthehero.

她喜歡這部電影只是因?yàn)樗矚g男主人公。hero

1.

動(dòng)作片里總有槍、英雄和飛馳的汽車(chē)。Anactionfilmalwayshasagun,aheroandaspeedingcar.

2.

小說(shuō)的男主角似乎比其他任何人物都傻。Theheroseemsmorefoolishthananyoneelseinthenovel.Practice:n.[C]apersonwhosebusinessispolitics政治家e.g.Thepolitician’sspeechcausedadisturbanceamongsttheaudience.政治家的演說(shuō)在聽(tīng)眾中引起了騷動(dòng)。politician要在這家公司里取得成功，你需要有點(diǎn)政治家的手腕。Youneedtobeabitofapoliticiantosucceedinthiscompany.Practice:adj.notknownoridentified;notfamous不為人知的；不出名的

e.g.Thenumberofpeoplecarryingthevirusisstillunknown.有多少人攜帶病毒還尚不清楚。unknown衛(wèi)冕冠軍在第二輪被一個(gè)無(wú)名小卒擊敗。Thedefendingchampionwasbeatenbyanunknownplayerinthesecondround.Practice:v.1)

becomeabletobeseen;comeintosight

出現(xiàn)；呈現(xiàn)

e.g.Thesymptomsdon’tappearuntilafewdayslater.癥狀要到幾天后才顯現(xiàn)。2)

seem;giveotherpeopleaparticularideaorfeeling似乎；好像；看來(lái)

e.g.Loveappearstobemorebeautifulinstoriesthaninreallife.

故事里的愛(ài)情似乎比現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的要美一些。appear2.

都市人似乎永遠(yuǎn)在忙忙碌碌。

Citypeopleappeartobehurryingallthetime.

1.

她烏黑的頭發(fā)中露出了絲絲銀發(fā)。

Graybegantoappearinherblackhair.Practice:e.g.Thisadvertisementisfullofexaggeration.

這個(gè)廣告滿(mǎn)是夸張的言辭。我剛在報(bào)紙上看到你們的招聘廣告，我想應(yīng)聘。I’vejustseenyouradvertisementforjobsinthenewspaperandIwouldliketoapply.advertisementn.廣告Practice:v.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷；訴苦；投訴e.g.Tocomplainaboutthingsallthetimemakesone

sick.

老是發(fā)牢騷讓人不舒服。如果商品質(zhì)量不好，你應(yīng)該向生產(chǎn)商投訴。Ifgoodsarenotwellmade,youshouldcomplaintothemanufacturer.complainPractice:n.[C]asortofbookthatcontainswrittenarticles,photosandadvertisements,printedandsoldeveryweekormonth雜志

e.g.Thismagazinecomesoutonceamonth.

這本雜志一月出一期。magazine他讀了雜志上的一篇文章，把喜歡的部分劃了出來(lái)。Hereadamagazinearticleandunderlinedthepartheliked.Practice:n.名氣；名聲；聲譽(yù)e.g.Hisfamedidnotcomeuntilafterhisdeath.

他死后才成名。出名后的一個(gè)壞處就是人們?cè)诖蠼稚蠈?duì)你指指點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。

Oneofthedisadvantagesoffameisthatpeoplepointatyouinthestreet.famePractice:v.leadtoorbethecauseof

導(dǎo)致；引起；使發(fā)生

e.g.Thechild’sheadachemaybecausedbystress.

這孩子的頭痛可能是緊張引起的。n.1)aperson,thing,oreventthatmakessomethinghappen原因；起因

e.g.Scientistsaresearchingforthecauseofthedisease.科學(xué)家正在尋找這種疾病的起因。

2)aprinciple,aimormovementthatisstronglydefendedorsupported事業(yè)；目標(biāo)

e.g.Theorganizationhassuccessfullygottensupportforitscause.

該組織成功地為其事業(yè)贏得了支持。

causePracticecause2.

貧窮不一定導(dǎo)致犯罪。Povertyisnotnecessarilyacauseofcrime.

1.

他的話(huà)引起了不同的反應(yīng)。Hiswordshavecauseddifferentreactions.3.

他對(duì)自己的事業(yè)很有信心，因而不會(huì)改變主意。Hehasastrongbeliefinhiscauseandwillnotchangehismind.Practice:n.[C]apersonwhosejobistodecidehowtomakethingsordecidetheirshapeorappearance（時(shí)裝、家具等的）設(shè)計(jì)師e.g.He’soneofthebest-knowndesignersintheworldoffashion.他是時(shí)裝業(yè)內(nèi)最有名的設(shè)計(jì)師之一。designer軟件設(shè)計(jì)師必須意識(shí)到并非所有的用戶(hù)都是技術(shù)專(zhuān)家。Softwaredesignersneedtobeawarethatnotallusersaretechnicalexperts.Practice:n.astronghopeorwish愿望；欲望；心愿e.g.Attractivestoredisplayscancreateadesireforthegoods.

商店引人注目的陳設(shè)能激發(fā)人們的購(gòu)買(mǎi)欲望。v.(formal)wishorwantverymuch（正式）渴望；想要e.g.Hesuddenlydesiredaglassofbeeratthesightoftheadvertisement.

看到這則廣告，他突然很想喝杯啤酒。

desirePracticePractice:

desire2.

我們渴望兩國(guó)之間保持永久的和平。

Wedesireadurablepeacebetweenthetwonations.1.

在國(guó)外旅行了這么久，她萌發(fā)了再次回到家鄉(xiāng)的愿望。

Aftertravelingoutofhercountryforsolong,shehadadesiretogobacktoherhometownagain.n.1）therangeorlimitsof)asubject,activity,etc.學(xué)科范圍；領(lǐng)域；方面e.g.Hehasawealthofexperienceinthisarea.

他在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域有寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

2）apartordivisionofaregionorofacountry地區(qū)；區(qū)域e.g.Thepolicearetryingtopreventpeoplefromenteringthatarea.警方正設(shè)法阻止人們進(jìn)入那個(gè)區(qū)域。

areaPracticePractice:

area2.

我們正計(jì)劃在這個(gè)地區(qū)建一家工廠。

Weareplanningtosetupafactoryinthisarea.

1.這是植物研究的新領(lǐng)域。

Thisisanewareainthestudyofplants.n.[C]ayoungpersonofbetween13and19yearsold（指13歲到19歲之間的）青少年；十幾歲的孩子e.g.Theworstthingyoucandoistoleavetheseteenagersalone.最糟的做法就是對(duì)這些青少年放任不管。teenager對(duì)某些青少年來(lái)講，結(jié)婚意味著脫離家庭，獲得自由。Forsometeenagers,marriageisfreedomfromtheirfamilies.Practice:adj.(slang)attractiveorinteresting;fashionablymodern（俚語(yǔ)）很帥的；時(shí)髦的e.g.Youlookgroovyinthatjacket.你穿那件衣服太帥了。Look!Thatboy’sgroovy.groovy看！那個(gè)男孩帥呆了。Practice:e.g.Trythisdrink;it’sawesome.

試試這個(gè)飲料，太棒了。awesome他們店里有一些很棒的唱片。Theyhavesomeawesomerecordsattheshop.Practice:e.g.Youdolookfoolishwhenyougetangry.你生氣的時(shí)候看上去真蠢。foolishadj.愚蠢的；笨的adj.（美，非正式）很好的；了不起的別再說(shuō)你那些愚蠢的想法了。你最好現(xiàn)在去上班。Stoptalkingaboutyourfoolishideas.You’dbettergotoworknow.Practice:adj.1)fullofself-admiration;thinkingtoohighlyofone’sappearance,abilities,etc.自負(fù)的；自視過(guò)高的e.g.She’ssovainthatnobodylikestobefriendswithher.她很自負(fù)，沒(méi)人愿意和她交朋友。2)withoutresult;unsuccessful徒勞的；無(wú)效的；無(wú)結(jié)果的e.g.Shemadeavainattempttopersuadehimtolendhermoney.她試圖說(shuō)服他借錢(qián)給她，但是沒(méi)成功。vain1.她是個(gè)驕傲自負(fù)的公主，什么人都看不起。Sheisavainprincessandlooksdownuponanyoneelse.2.她想控制住自己，卻控制不了。Shetriedtocontrolherself,butinvain.Practice:vt.cause(somethingnew)toexist;produce(somethingnew)創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)作e.g.Thepolicedidnotwishtocreateconditionsforviolence.

警方不希望制造暴力局面。create偉大的藝術(shù)家常常創(chuàng)造出新的方式來(lái)表達(dá)他們的思想。Greatartistsoftencreateanewwaytoexpresstheirideas.Practice:e.g.Theproblemisturningcreativeideasintorealproducts.問(wèn)題是要把有創(chuàng)造性的想法變成真實(shí)的產(chǎn)品。有創(chuàng)造力的人必須能夠想象出某種事物、人物及場(chǎng)景。

Creativepeoplemustbeabletoimagineobjects,peopleandscenes.creativeadj.創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)造力的Practice:n.1）

thesystembywhichacountry’swealthisproducedandused

經(jīng)濟(jì)情況；經(jīng)濟(jì)體制

e.g.Tounderstandacountry’seconomy,economistscheckthe

growthinacertainindustry.

為了解一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們核查某種產(chǎn)業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)情況。2）

(anexampleof)thecarefuluseofmoney,time,effort,etc.,inordertoavoid

waste節(jié)約；節(jié)省e.g.Let’sbeginwitheconomyinstationery.讓我們從節(jié)約辦公用品做起。

economyPractice

economyPractice:2.新總裁決定在公司里實(shí)行節(jié)儉。

Thenewpresidenthasdecidedtopracticeeconomyinthecompany.1.加入世貿(mào)組織給中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了哪些好處？

WhatdidChina’seconomybenefitfromenteringtheWTO?adj.另外的；附加的；追加的e.g.Weofferadditionalcoursestohelpstudentsspeak

Englishmorefluently.

我們另外開(kāi)設(shè)其他課程以幫助學(xué)生更流利地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。如需任何其他信息，請(qǐng)來(lái)電。

Pleasecallforanyadditionalinformationifyourequire.additionalPractice:adj.頻繁的；屢見(jiàn)不鮮的；常見(jiàn)的e.g.Heneedsfrequentrestsduringwork.

他工作中時(shí)常需要休息一下。這座城市經(jīng)常發(fā)生搶劫。Robberiesarequitefrequentinthiscity.frequentPractice:

vi.

continuetoliveorexist,especiallyaftercomingclosetodeath

幸存；活下來(lái)；殘存e.g.Ican’tsurviveon$30aweek.

靠每星期30美元的生活費(fèi)我沒(méi)法生活。vt.continuetoliveorexistafter比······活得長(zhǎng)；經(jīng)歷······之后還存在e.g.Onlyspecialplantscansurvivetheterribleclimateofadesert.只有特殊的植物才能在可怕的沙漠氣候中存活下來(lái)。survivePractice2.這些唱片保留下來(lái)的寥寥無(wú)幾。

Veryfewoftheserecordssurvive.

1.有的房屋和橋梁可以抗震。Somebuildingsandbridgescansurviveanearthquake.Practice:survivenotjust不僅僅e.g.Survivaldependsonmorethanjustrighttreatment.要活下來(lái)光靠正確的治療還不夠。morethanjust這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃不只是漫無(wú)邊際的想象，而是有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的構(gòu)想。Thisplanismorethanjustwildimagination;itisapossiblevision.Practice:fashionable時(shí)髦；流行e.g.Clothesinstyleusuallycostmorethantheyareworth.時(shí)裝的價(jià)錢(qián)往往高于它們自身的價(jià)值。Practice:instyle這種游戲在1990年很流行，第二年就過(guò)時(shí)了。Thisgamewasinstylein1990andwentoutoffashionthenextyear.玫瑰永遠(yuǎn)都是最受歡迎的花，因?yàn)閻?ài)情永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)過(guò)時(shí)。e.g.Don’tlistentohim—hisideasareoutofdate.

別聽(tīng)他的，他的想法已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。Roseisgoingtoremainthemostpopularflowerbecauseloveisneveroutofdate.

outofdate過(guò)時(shí)的；不用的Practice:escapefrom逃避；逃離e.g.Playingtennisallowsmetogetawayfrommyworkenvironment.打網(wǎng)球可以使我從我的工作氛圍中解脫出來(lái)。getawayfrom這個(gè)家庭主婦只有去逛超市的時(shí)候才有機(jī)會(huì)離家外出一會(huì)兒。Thehousewifehasachancetogetawayfromhomeforawhilebygoingtothesupermarket.Practice:人們都笑話(huà)他的衣服又舊又過(guò)時(shí)。e.g.Atpresent,TanggarmentsareinfashioninChina.

中國(guó)目前流行唐裝。Peoplelaughedathimbecausehisclotheswereoldandoutoffashion.in/outoffashion流行/不流行Practice:我小兒子的包里總是放滿(mǎn)了小動(dòng)物、樹(shù)葉等諸如此類(lèi)的東西。e.g.Afurniturestoresellsbeds,tables,chairs

andthelike.

家具店出售床、桌子、椅子諸如此類(lèi)的東西。Mylittleboy’sbagisalwaysfilledwithsmallanimals,leavesandthelike.

andthelike諸如此類(lèi)；等等Practice:留心；注意醫(yī)生應(yīng)該聽(tīng)病人怎么說(shuō)，這點(diǎn)永遠(yuǎn)都很重要。e.g.Peoplethoughthewasstupidandneverpaid

attentiontohim.

人們認(rèn)為他愚鈍，從來(lái)不注意他。Itisalwaysimportantfordoctorstopayattentiontowhatthepatientssay.Practice:payattentionto來(lái)來(lái)去去；忽隱忽現(xiàn)；變化無(wú)常潮流變來(lái)變?nèi)?，但是這種款式卻始終受到歡迎。e.g.People