2001年下半年全國高等教育自學(xué)考試英語一試題及答案

第一部分（選擇題，共50分）I.VocabularyandStructure(10points,1pointforeach)從下列各句四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑AmericanpeoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,whenthefederaltaxesare .high [B]near[C]close [D]dueSomelanguagelearnersfind difficulttosucceedinotherfieldsofscience.that [B]so[C]it [D]themAnimalscanliveonlyon plantshavealreadyturnedfrominorganictovegetablematter.that [B]which[C]what [D]howAfewyearsago,thebeliefbecamegeneral orangejuiceandmilkshouldneverbedrunkatthesamemeal.that [B]sothat[C]andthat [D]nowthatTherealdifferencebetweenplantsandanimals inwhattheydo,andnotinwhattheyseemtobe.islaid [B]islain[C]lays [D]liesWenowknowthatabout allthekindsofseaweedareanimals.onefourth [B]onefourthof[C]onefourof [D]theonefourthScientistscouldseemanythingsthatmostpeoplewould tosee.[A]feel [B]fail[C]fall [D]fillThechildrenstayinthenuclearfamily theygrowupandmarry.[A]because [B]once[C]after [D]untilSometimesproblemsgrowoutofa observation.charge [B]change[C]chance [D]choiceEagerbuyersboughtall 50oftheitemsinoneweekend.but [B]yet[C]out [D]beyondn.ClozeTest(10points,1pointforeach)下列短文中有十個空白，每個空白有四個選項。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。Howwillthepresent-daysciencedevelopinthenearfuture,i.e.thenextdecadeorso?To11with,wecanexpect12sciencetoproduceavastincreaseinentirelynewproductsofall13.Thesewillrangefromlight-weight,high-strengthmaterialsfor14inthemanyspecializedbranchesofengineering,15drugsandchemicalswithagreatly-increasedselectivity16canbeusedinmedicineandagriculture.However,inthis17caseinparticular,itmaybepredicted18thewide-spreadapplicationandcombinationofnewandmorecomplexproductswillgive19tounexpectedinter-reactionsorside-effects.Forthisreason,greatlyintensifiedprogrammesofresearchwillberequiredin20todiscoverandeliminatetheharmfulresultsofsuchcombination.11.[A]talk[B]begin[C]introduce[D]research12.[A]applied[B]social[C]nuclear[D]economic13.[A]lines[B]levels[C]kinds[D]values14.[A]work[B]help[C]use[D]shift15.[A]to[B]for[C]in[D]with16.[A]it[B]what[C]whether[D]which

17.[A]latelatter[D]last[B]later[C]18.[A]why[B]that[C]which[D]whether19.[A]waylight[D]rise[B]fall[C]20.17.[A]latelatter[D]last[B]later[C]18.[A]why[B]that[C]which[D]whether19.[A]waylight[D]rise[B]fall[C]20.[A]generalquestion[D]nature[B]order[C]IH.ReadingComprehension(30points,2pointsforeach)從下列每篇短文的問題后所給的四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Oneoftheadvantagesofbeingself-employedisthattheprofitthebusinessmakesbelongstotheowner.Iftheself-employedpersoninsuccessfulinbusiness,heorshehasthechancetoearnagreatdealofmoneyandevenbecomewealthy.Theprofitearnedbyaselfemployedpersonistherewardforhisorhereffort,ability,andcreativity.Thus,asecondadvantageofbeingself-employedisthataperson'sintelligenceandabilitieshaveadirecteffectonhisorherearnings.Peoplewhohaveoutstandingabilitiesorintelligenceoftenfindtheycanearnfarmorethroughself-employmentthantheycanthroughworkingasanemployee.Athirdadvantageofbeingselfemployedisthatapersoncancontrolboththenumberofhoursworkedandthehoursofwork.Whilenotallself-employedpeoplearecompletelyfreetochoosewhateverhourstheywanttowork,mostofthemhavemorecontroloverthisareathandothepeoplewhoforsalariesorwages.Aswithmostthingsinlife,beingself-employedisnotwithoutproblems.First,beingone'sownbossplacestheresponsibilityforsuccessdirectlyonthatindividual'sshoulders.Abilitiesandintelligencewillbeputtothetest.Everyonehassomeweaknessesandislesscapableinsomethingsthaninothers.Theseweaknesseswillaffecthowsuccessfulaself-employedpersonis.Second,thoughtheself-employedcanearnconsiderableprofitswithasuccessfulbusiness,lossescanforcethemoutofbusinessand,insomeinstances,placethemindebt.Athirddisadvantageconcernsincomesecurity.Self-employedpeoplehavenoguaranteedwage.Theirearningscanvarygreatlyfromyeartoyear,dependingonbusinessconditions.Salariedpeople,ontheotherhand,cangenerallycountoncontinuedearningsfromyeartoyear.Inaddition,salariedpeopleoftenenjoyfringebenefitsthatmeangreaterpeaceofmind.Fringebenefitsareallofthebenefitsprovidedforemployeesinadditiontowagesandsalaries.Oneofthesebenefitsmaybeinsurancepaidforbytheemployerthatcontinuestheemployee'ssalaryintheeventofsicknessoraccident.Manyself-employedpeopledonothavesuchprotection,unlesstheyputmoneyasidethemselves.Aself-employedpersonisone .whocanmakeabigprofitwhoishisorherownbosswhosebusinesshasabetterchancetosuccesswhoemploysnoothersbuthisorherrelativesOneoftheadvantagesself-employmentoffersisthatselfemployedpeople .maydecidewhenandhowlongtheyworkhaveoutstandingabilitiesandintelligencemaygetmorebusinesssupportfromthegovernmentareeasytoearnmoneyandreadytobecomewealthyOneproblemofself-employmentisthat .thereisnoguaranteeofincomesecurityitiscomparativelyweekinmanagementanemployer'searningshavenothingtodowithbusinessconditions[D]salariesmayvarygreatlyfrompersontopersonWemayguessfromthecontextthatfringebenefitsareallthemoneyprovidedforemployeesarebenefitsanemployeereceivesapartfromwagesandsalariesconsistofthosethatarepaidbyinsurancecompaniesresultfrombusinessactivitiestheemployerhasorganizedTheauthor'sattitudetowardsself-employmentis positivenegativeindifferent[D]objective

PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.激素）Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Ittellsplantswhentoformflowersandinsectswhentoleaveprotectivecocoon（繭）andflyaway.Andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoawaken,sleep,andseekfood.Itcontrolsourbodytemperatures,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.激素）Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimalaffectitsactions.ScientistsrecentlyfoundthatatinyanimalcalledSiberianhamsterchangesthecolorofitsfurbecauseofthenumberofhoursofdaylight.Inshorterdaysofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgraybrowninlongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.Innersignalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomeinternaloneseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirmigrationflightstwotimeseachyear.Birdspreventedfromflyingbecomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip.Buttheybecomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.Amixofoutsideandinternaleventscontrolssomebiologicalclocks;suchthingsasheartbeatandthedailychangefromsleeptowalkingtakeplacebecauseofbothexternalandinternalsignals.Scientistsarebeginningtolearnwhichpartsofthebraincontainthebiologicalclocks.AresearcheratHarvardUniversity —Dr.MartinMooreEde—saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrainseemstocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.Probablythereareothercellstocontrolotherbodyactivities.Heisstudyinghowtheyaffectthewaywedoourwork.Mostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangetodifferentworkhours.Itcantakemanydaysforahumanbodytoacceptamajorchangeinworkhours.Industrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiologicalclocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaidsuchanunderstandingcouldreducesicknessandaccidentsatwork,andwouldhelpincreaseproduction.Whichofthefollowingcannotbecontrolledbybiologicalclocks?Dreams.whenandwhattoeat.Bodytemperature.Whentheflowersshouldopen.TheauthormentionsSiberianhamstertoillustratethateverylivingthinghasabiologicalclockSiberianhamsterisahighlyadaptivespeciesbiologicalclockscanchangeananimal'sskincolorexternalfactorscanaffectthebehaviorofanorganismFromthepassagewecaninferthat .[A]biologicalclocksareresponsibleforallthehumanbehaviorsbiologicalclocksaretoomysterioustobeexplainedheartbeatandsomedailyactivitiesaffectbiologicalclocksstudiesonbiologicalclockscanthrowsomelightonhumanactionsWhyshouldindustrialofficialshaveabetterunderstandingofbiologicalclocks?[A]Becausesomecellsinthebrainareveryimportant.Becauseitisveryhardtochangeworkingtime.Becauseitmayleadtoimprovementofworkefficiency.Becauseittakesalongtimeforapersontogetusedtotheshiftofworkhours.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe .[A]ABriefAccountofBiologicalClocksBiologicalClocksandWorkEfficiencyHowBiologicalClocksWork[D]ThelocationofBiologicalClocksPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Thereisnoarguingabouttaste”一runstheLatinproverb.Buttastedidnotjusthappen.Cultural,historical,biologicalandenvironmentaleventshaveinteractedtocausefrogs,forexample,tobeviewedasdeliciousinsouthernChinabuttoberegardedwithrevulsion（厭惡）innorthernChina.Eventhoughmuchremainsunknown,tastescannotbedismissedasinarguableorillogical;anattemptwillbemadeheretodiscoverwhy,asLucretiusputit, “Whatisfoodtoonemanmaybefiercepoisontoothers?”AmongtheapproximatelythirtymilliontribalpeopleofIndia,atotalof250animalspeciesareavoidedbyonegrouporanother.Mostofthesepeoplewillnoteatmeatfromatigeroranyofvarioussnakes.Althoughtheysaytheyfeelarelationshipwiththeseanimals,itisobviousthatbotharehighlydangerousandthathuntingthemsystematicallywouldbefoolish.Monkeysareavoided,probablybecausetheylooklikehumanbeingsinappearance;inthesetribes,man-eatingisviewedasextremelycruel.Areluctancetoeatsomefemaleanimalshasbeenattributedtorespectforthemother'srole,butitcouldalsobeduetoapolicyofallowingthefemalestoreproduceandprovidemoreyoungforpeople.Manytribesavoideatinganyanimalthathasdiedofunknowncausesanintelligentattitudeinviewofthepossibilitythattheanimalmighthavediedfromadiseasethatcouldspreadtohumans.Animalsthatconsumegarbagearesimilarlyavoided,anadaptivestepthatpreventscontactwithparasites （寄生蟲）,andthatmightexplainwhymembersofonetribeeatanyoftwenty-onedifferentspeciesofrats,butnotthehousethat.“Thereisnoarguingabouttaste ”,whichmeans [A]peopledon'tliketotalkaboutfoodone'stasteinfoodishardtoexplainthereisnoquarrellingabouttoeatnoargumentsabouttastehavebeenheardofbeforeItcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraphthat .[A]theauthorisagainsteatingfrogstasteisillogicalandinarguablesometypesoffrogsarepoisonoustasteisinfluencedbymanyfactorsThetribalpeopleinIndiadon'teatsnakesbecause[A]theyareverydangeroustheyarerespectedbyIndianstheymayspreaddiseasetheyhelpkillratsThetribalpeopleinIndiamaynoteatthefollowinganimalsEXCEPT .[A]donkeystigersfemaledeerhouseratsThepassageisprobablywrittenforthepurposeof [A]introducingtheeatinghabitofIndiantribalpeopledistinguishingdifferenttypesoftasteaccountingforpeople'sdifferentchoicesoftasteexplainingtherelationshipbetweentasteandtribes第二部分(非選擇題，共50分)IV.WordSpelling (10points,1pointfortwowords)將下列漢語單詞譯成英語并寫在答卷紙上。作為提示，每個詞的詞類和第一個字母以及用短線表示的其余字母數(shù)，已給出。36.賣方n.s37.抽象的a.a_38.正式的a.f_39.遞送v.d40.最高的a.s_41.證據(jù)n.e42.完美的a.p_43.頻繁地ad.f44.成年人n.a_45.假裝v.p46.農(nóng)業(yè)的a.a_47.遙遠的a.r_48.稀有的a.r_49.火山n.v50.存在v.e51.能量n.e52.平均n.a53.限制v.r54.熟悉的a.f_55.抱怨v.cV.WordForm(10points,1pointforeach)將括號中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)形式填入空白。答案寫在答卷紙上Todaymanypeoplearepayingmoreattentionto (reduce)stressintheirlives.Forapersonwithgoodreadinghabits,a (print)pagecontainsnotonlywordsbutideas,thoughtsandfeelings.Therightanswerscanbeobtainedonlyiftherightquestions (ask).Thefirst (know)areawasinIndia,wherediamondswerefoundthousandsofyearsago.Amodernhusbandsharesimportantdecisionswithhis (work)wife.Hewasthefirsttodrawamapthat (base)onallavailableknowledge,ratherthanguessorimagination.Proverbsarequitecommoninbothwrittenand (speak)English.Isuggestedthatthemeeting (hold)atsomeothertime.Ididn'tgototheparty,butIdowishI (be)there.Itisgenerallyagreedthatapanicattackdoesnotdirectly (danger)aperson'slife.W.C-ETranslation (15points,3pointsforeach )將下列各句譯成英語并將答案寫在答卷紙上。她有個朋友過去常常吸毒。正是這些孩子需要心理治療。研究表明男人比女人更容易得心臟病。購買保險時你能完全信賴保險代理商嗎？我認為她不會買象舊衣服和空瓶子這樣的東西。VD.E-CTranslation (15points)將下列短文譯成漢語并將答案寫在答卷紙上。VisitorscanfindalmostanykindofrestaurantinmostofthelargecitiesinAmerica.Thetelephonebooklistsrestaurantsforeachcityaccordingtoname,areaofthecity,orkindoffood.Restaurantsinlargecitiesvarygreatlyinprice.Manyrestaurantsposttheirmenusinthewindowsoyoucanhavesomeideaofthepriceandkindoffoodbeforeyouenter.Ifthemenuisnotposted,andyouareuncertainabouthowexpensivetheplaceis,asktoseeamenubeforeyouaresea