高中英語人教版一輪學(xué)案模塊一第2講形容詞副詞和比較等級

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。第2講形容詞、副詞和比較等級Ⅰ.語法填空1.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Thebeautiful(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpinkcoloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.2.(2019·天津高考)Noonewantstoliveanextremely(extreme)longlifewithalotofchronicdiseases.3.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslonger(long)thannonrunners.4.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Hescreamstheloudest(loud)ofall.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·天津高考)AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon’thavetoreadthebookifwedon’twantto,asitisoptional(可選擇的).2.(2020·江蘇高考)TheoutbreakofCOVID19hasmeantanabruptchange(突然的變化)inourlifeandwork.

3.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)TodayItriedcookingasimpledish(一道簡單的菜)myself.

4.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Seeyousoon(待會兒見).

1.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Istoppedtheballandkickedithard(狠狠地踢)backtotheplayground.

2.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestedin(變得對……感興趣)playingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.

3.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Immediately(立刻),Iraisedmyhand.

4.(2018·天津高考)Mostofusobservedmuchmore(多)aschildrenthanwedoasadults.

語法填空五謹(jǐn)記1.看到空格處修飾的是名詞,要想到用形容詞。2.看到空格處修飾的是動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,要想到用副詞。3.看到與than連用,要想到用形容詞或副詞的比較級。4.看到and,or,but等并列連詞前或后用的比較級,要想到用比較級。5.看到語境中暗含比較含義,要想到用比較級(二者之間)或最高級(三者及以上)。形容詞和副詞的句法功能1.形容詞主要用來修飾名詞、代詞,表示事物或人的性質(zhì)和特征?？勺鞫ㄕZ、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語或狀語等?！鵌havetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.(作定語)※IknowheistoooptimisticbutIdon’twanttodepresshim.(作表語)※Theroomwasfoundverydirty.(作主語補(bǔ)足語)※Optimismmakesalifehappierandmoremeaningful.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)※Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.(作狀語)【點(diǎn)津】(1)通常只作表語的形容詞:①以“a”開頭的形容詞:afraid害怕的,alone孤單的,alive活著的,alike相似的,ashamed羞愧的,awake醒著的;②content,worth,ill(有病的,不舒服的),sure,liable,well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主語的形容詞:possible,impossible,probable,convenient,necessary等。(3)形容詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。2.副詞主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞甚至整個(gè)句子?？勺鳡钫Z、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等?！鵚heneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachershelpuspatiently.(作狀語)※Thetidewasoutandtheywalkedamongtherockpools.(作表語)※Unfortunately,Iwasstillveryclumsybehindthewheelofthejeep.(作狀語)【點(diǎn)津】(1)有些副詞并不修飾動(dòng)詞,而是修飾整個(gè)句子,表示說話人的看法。常見的這類副詞有:表遞進(jìn)besides,further,then,moreover等表結(jié)果therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus等表轉(zhuǎn)折though,instead,otherwise,however等表等同similarly,equally等表對比rather,oppositely等表概括altogether,generally等表列舉first(ly),second(ly),finally等表同位namely等表時(shí)間meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等表特指particularly,especially等(2)兼有兩種形式的副詞其中一種形式與形容詞相同,另一種形式是在形容詞后加后綴ly。這兩種形式的副詞表示的意義不同。QUOTE形容詞和副詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化1.大多數(shù)副詞是由形容詞加后綴ly構(gòu)成。主要變化規(guī)律:轉(zhuǎn)換方法例詞一般情況,在形容詞詞尾直接加lyreal—really;helpful—helpfully以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i,然后再加lybusy—busily;angry—angrily;easy—easily以le結(jié)尾,去e直接加yterrible—terribly;gentle—gently元音字母+e結(jié)尾,先去掉e,然后再加lytrue—truly以ll結(jié)尾的詞只加yfull—fully以ic結(jié)尾的詞加allyautomatic—automaticallyenergetic—energetically2.在英語中,有些詞既可以作形容詞,又可以作副詞。需要在特定語境中判斷它們各自的詞性。如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud,well等。※Itbroughtawidesmiletohisfaceandlaughtertohiseyes.(形容詞)※Inafewsecondsshewaswideawake.(副詞)【點(diǎn)津】下列單詞以ly結(jié)尾,但卻是形容詞而非副詞:lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,timely等。形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級1.比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則形式①單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級后加er,est構(gòu)成,如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊變化見下表:特殊情況構(gòu)成方式例詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加r和stbrave—braver—bravest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加er和esthappy—happier—happiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫詞尾字母,再加er和esthot—hotter—hottest②多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級前加more,most構(gòu)成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily【點(diǎn)津】①少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞及以er或le結(jié)尾的詞,可以有兩種比較級和最高級形式mon—moner/moremon—monest/mostmon②表示“最高程度”的形容詞,如excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite等,沒有最高級,也不能用比較級。(2)不規(guī)則形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worst2.比較等級的用法(1)基本用法①兩者相比,表示“和……一樣”,用“as+原級+as”表示。※Heworkedasfastasaqualifiedtechnician.【點(diǎn)津】在同級比較中,若出現(xiàn)形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其語序?yàn)?as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。※Johnisascleveraboyasyouwishtomeet.②兩者相比,表示“不如……”,用“notas/so+原級+as”?！鵌tisnotsoexpensiveasyoumightexpect.③兩者相比,表示“比……更”,用“比較級+than”;表示“不比……更”,用“not+比較級+than”。※Theprocessoflearninganddevelopingismoreimportantthantheoute.※Herpronunciationisasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,herteacher’s.【點(diǎn)津】有些形容詞本身含有比較的意義,其后面用to而不用than。如:superiorto(優(yōu)于,高于);inferiorto(次于);seniorto(年長于,地位高于);juniorto(地位低于);priorto(早于,較重要于)。④三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物比較,表示最高程度時(shí),用“the+最高級+比較范圍”?！鵋ersonsarethemostimportantthinginherlife.(2)特殊用法①“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”?！鵏earningbeesmoreandmoredifficultaswegetolder.②“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越……,就越……”?！鵗heharderwework,themoreprogresswewillmake.③“more+原級+than”表示“與其說……不如說……”?！鵖helooksmoreasleepthanclever.④“morethan+主語+can+謂語”表示“非……所能;……不能”?！鵗hebeautyoftheplaceismorethanIcandescribe.⑤“否定詞+比較級”表示肯定的最高級※Icouldn’tagreewithyouanymore.⑥表示倍數(shù)的三個(gè)常用句型a....倍數(shù)+as+原級+as...※Thenewbuildingisthreetimesashighastheoldone.b....倍數(shù)+比較級+than...※Thenewbuildingistwicehigherthantheoldone.c....倍數(shù)+thesize/length/width/height,etc.+of...※Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.※Ourclassroomisthreetimesaslargeastheirs.=Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.3.比較級的修飾語(1)修飾比較級的常用詞和短語有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等?！鵗hethemeoftheplaystoodoutevenmoreclearlyafteritwasrevised.(2)常用的最高級的修飾語有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序數(shù)詞等?！鵌wouldsaythatintellectisbyfarthemostimportantfactor.常用的分詞形容詞和副詞ed形容詞和ing形容詞的區(qū)別:ed形容詞,通常說明人,意為“(某人)感到……”;ing形容詞通常說明事物,意為“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。這樣成對的形容詞有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等?！鵗hewinewasexcellent,butthefoodwasdisappointing.※Wewillbepleasedtoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.【點(diǎn)津】原則上,ed形容詞通常直接用于說明人,若修飾事物,則多為look(表情),air(神態(tài)),appearance(外貌),cry(哭聲),face(表情),voice(聲音),mood(情緒)等顯示某人的情感狀況的名詞。※Rogerjustlookedupathimwithasurprisedlook.※Ahandhelpedmeoutofthetree,andafrightenedvoiceaskedmeifIwasbadlyhurt.小題快練Ⅰ.單句語法填空①(2020·浙江高考)Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.

②(2019·浙江高考)Schooluniformsaretraditional(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.③(2018·浙江高考)Eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordable(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.④(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit’salwaysenergetic(energy).⑤(2018·浙江高考)Therecouldbeanevenhigher(high)costonyourhealth.①Obviously(obvious),agoodhabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.②Themoresupportyouwinfromothers,thefaster(fast)youwillmovetowardyourgoal.③Iwasscanningtherestaurant,waitingtositatthefirsttablethatwasmoreconvenient(convenient)thanothers.

Ⅱ.完成句子①(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefact(對這個(gè)事實(shí)感到驚訝)thatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.

②(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)I’msure(我肯定)you’llhaveagoodtime.

③Overthepastfewdecades,wehavedevelopedanamazingnetworkofpublictransportation.Besides/Inaddition(此外;并且),wehavedecidedtomakeeffortstomakeitmuchbetter.

④Likemostgrownups,sheenjoysfolksongs,becausethepeacefulmusic(寧靜的音樂)remindsherofherbeautifullifewhenshewasyoung.

⑤ButIthinkwe’dbetterhavemoreoutdooractivities.Asstudents,weusuallysittoolongintheclassroom(在教室里坐的時(shí)間太長),andasaresultoureyesandbrainsgettired.

①Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtasty(多汁可口).

②Momsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterriblyworried(是非常擔(dān)心的).”

Ⅰ.語法填空Differentcountrieshavewildlydifferentformsofgreeting.IntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake1._________(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother2._________thecheeks.ThisisalsomoninFrance,3._________theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot4._________universalrule.

DuringmyfirstweekintheUSA,IkissedeverysinglegirlImet.Myfriendshadtotellmethatthatwasinappropriate,5._________(leave)meingreatembarrassment.Whatismonhere,however,isforfriends6._________(hug)eachother—somethingIwasnotusedto.Hugsalwaysmakeme7._________(frighten)becauseIdon’treallylikethat.Thismayseemstrangesinceevenkissing8._________(stranger)isnormalinmycountry.NowthatIthinkaboutit,Ihatecheekkissingaswell.

Wouldn’titbe9._________(enjoy)tohaveagreetingcodethatis10._________(wide)acceptable?I’mnotsayingweshouldstartdoingthat,butwecansurelydosomethingtoavoidmisunderstanding.

1.【解析】isconsidered?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句中主語afirmhandshake和動(dòng)詞consider是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,此處作謂語用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。表示客觀事實(shí),與上下文一致用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填isconsidered。2.【解析】on。考查介詞。此處指親吻對方的臉頰,在臉上用介詞on,故填on。3.【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞是France,在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),故填where。4.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。句中rule是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,此處表示一種普遍的規(guī)則,universal發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,故填a。5.【解析】leaving。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞,此處用非謂語。前面句子