2018年高考英語江蘇專用考前三個月文檔專題四任務(wù)型閱讀第二步真題演練一版含答案

三年真題集中演練2017江蘇卷2015江蘇卷2015江蘇卷真題演練(一)[20仃江蘇]PopulationChangeWhyistheworld'spopulationgrowing?Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits,butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900,peoplediedattheaverageageof3O.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury ,decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore,around50%oftheworld'spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld'speoplenowliveinsuchnations),butyou'dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstanee.Whatdoesitimply?First,Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second,ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?Nobodyisquitesure,butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon'tbend,Russia'spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen'sbytheyear2050.InthenorthofIndia,thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates,butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia'sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.ln2030,asixthofthecountry'spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.

Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA,itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010—2030.Moreover,theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit'slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthovertheIongerterm.卩opul*I>ecliii.eofthebirthratePopuhhonand748cconcI>ecliii.eofthebirthratePopuhhonand748cconcmicpre翱ureliwouldbedifficultfordevelopedcouncrieslo the72.size/scaleofpopulfution.Iheimpactofdrappingbirthraleondevelopingcaynlriesmaynotbe73.immediatetmtdisastrous.Inguaranteeiueennornicgrowth,Chinan亡&銘tnde^lwishthepupulafiDniwwproper!yn iuworkersaregetting75.old/0lckrrThe76.亡刖li?erdeathofRiissiansmayresultin歆ishrinkiiiEpt^piildlioEinwhithwoulddsiimagcitseconomicfulure.ItwouldbebcElcri『tanthLmgcpcopk"swayofTTJiving/liifc.AmericansoludonTheusawilljrKre^se.trcm20川-劉駡仏itspopulaiionbyIhromgh79,immi-gnuionAmericansoludonTheusawilljrKre^se.trcm20川-劉駡仏itspopulaiionbyIhromgh79,immi-gnuion.TTiiswill刑L螢fQP型空些forlhehekycnirigworkftnice?語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界人口增長的原因，并分析了幾個國家存在的人口問題。答案lower解析根據(jù)第一段最后一句“....decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.”可知，出生率的下降是21世紀的特征，也就是說，21世紀的出生率可能會比20世紀的更低，且much/even/far/alot/alittle等修飾比較級，故填lower。答案size/scale解析根據(jù)第二段中的 “...almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.”可知，大部分發(fā)達國家正經(jīng)歷著人口負增長， 也就是說發(fā)達國家難以保持人口的規(guī)模，"人口的規(guī)?！庇胻hesize/scaleofpopulation表達。答案immediate解析根據(jù)第二段中的“...whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.”可知，發(fā)展中國家出生率的下降可能會導(dǎo)致幾十年后災(zāi)難性的勞動力短缺，由withinafewdecades可知出生率下降帶來的影響可能不會立即顯現(xiàn)出來，故填 immediate。74．答案economic解析文章第三、四、五段分別分析了中國、俄羅斯、印度存在的人口問題以及對本國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的影響，結(jié)合第三、五段中出現(xiàn)的economicdevelopment以及第四段中出現(xiàn)的economicpromise可判斷填economic。75．答案old/older解析根據(jù)第三段第一句“AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina ，forinstanee.”可知，中國很有可能出現(xiàn)年輕勞動力減少的問題，也就是說中國的勞動力群體正在變老，此處既可以用old的原級，也可以用其比較級。76．答案earlier解析根據(jù)第四段中的“...peopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.”可知，當前俄羅斯人的壽命比 1961年時要短，liveashorterlife可以同義替換為earlierdeath（早逝）。77．答案living/life解析根據(jù)第四段中的“...butpoordietandabovealllong-timealeoholismhavemuehtodowithit.”可知，糟糕的飲食習(xí)慣尤其是長期酗酒與俄羅斯人壽命變短有很大的關(guān)系，所以需要改變?nèi)藗兊纳罘绞?，“生活方式”可以用wayofliving/life表達。78．答案equality解析根據(jù)第五段中的“Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyedueatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyedueatedurbanareas.”可知，在教育水平落后的農(nóng)村地區(qū)出生率最高，而在教育水平發(fā)達的城市地區(qū)出生率最低。由此可以推斷，暫