世界經(jīng)濟(jì)概論英文版答案

世界經(jīng)濟(jì)概論英文版答案ChapterI3.Whatarethestagesoftheformationanddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy?Theformationoftheworldeconomyhasgenerallygonethroughthreehistoricalstages:(1)Buddingperiod.Thediscoveryofgeographybeganinthemiddleandlate18thcenturyandlastedfornearly300years.(2)Initialformationperiod.ThisperiodbeganwiththeBritishindustrialrevolutionaroundthe1860sandcompletedtheestablishmentofindustrialsocietyinEuropeanandAmericancountriesaroundthe1870s,includingthewholeperiodofcapitalism,whichlastedabout100years.Theformationoftheworldeconomyinthisperiodwasbasedonthelargemachineryindustry,mainlymarkedbytheestablishmentoftheinternationaldivisionoflaborsystemandthedevelopmentoftheworldmarket.(3)Finalformationperiod.Fromthe1870stothebeginningofthe20thcentury,withthedeepeningofinternationaldivisionoflaborandtheexpansionofthescopeoftheworldmarket,especiallythegreatprogressofproductionandcapitalinternationalizationcharacterizedbycapitalexport,andthecompletionofthedivisionofworldterritory,therealworldeconomyfinallytookshape.ChapterII1.Howtounderstandtheprocessandconnotationofeconomicglobalization?Process:economicglobalizationisaprocessandastateofthedevelopmentoftheworldeconomytoahigherlevel.Economicglobalizationisdrivenbythecontemporaryscientificandtechnologicalrevolution,themarketeconomyandthegreatdevelopmentofmultinationalcorporations.Thegreatdevelopmentofinternationaltrade,internationalfinance,internationalinvestment,internationaltransportationandcommunication,aswellasthemigrationofinternationalpopulation,hasledtothelarge-scaleflowofproductionfactorsallovertheworld,andexpandedtheinternaldivisionoflaborofenterpriseproductionintoaglobaldivisionoflabor,Itisastateandprocessofunprecedentedaccelerationanddeepeningofinterdependenceandintegrationofcountriesbyoptimizingthecombinationandallocationofproductionfactorsonaglobalscale.Connotation:(1)economicglobalizationistheunityofeconomiccategoryandhistoricalcategory(2)Economicglobalizationisaconceptrelatedtotimeandspace(3)Theessenceofeconomicglobalizationistheglobalizationofcapitalanditscarrierexpansion(4)Economicglobalizationisdominatedbydevelopedcountries,andtherearemanyasymmetriesinitsstructure.2.Reasonsandmanifestationsoftheacceleratedprocessofpost-wareconomicglobalization.Reasons:(1)thegreatdevelopmentofscientificandtechnologicalrevolution(2)Themarketeconomysystemexpandstothewholeworld(3)Thedevelopmentoftrade,investmentandfinancialliberalizationinwesterncountries(4)Thegreatdevelopmentofmultinationalcorporations.Performance:(1)tradeliberalizationandglobalnetworking:withtradeliberalizationandinformationnetworking,thescopeandscaleofworldtradehaveexpandedsharply(2)Globalizationoffinancial,monetaryandinvestmentmarkets:globalizationoffinancialmarkets,currencycirculationandinvestmentactivities(3)Globalizationofhumanresourceflow:thenumberandscopeofworldwideimmigrantshaveexpanded,thetransnationaltrainingandflowoftalentshaveincreasedsignificantly,andthetrendof"hiddentransnationalflow"oftalentshasincreased.(4)Theformationofglobalindustrialchainandtheglobalizationofinternationalproductionsystem:thedevelopmentofglobalindustrializationandtheformationofindustrialchainfollowedbyechelonsaroundtheworld;Formationofglobalproductionsystem(5)Theinternationaleconomiccoordinationmechanismhasgraduallytakenshape.3.Howtounderstandtheopportunitiesandchallengesbroughtbyeconomicglobalizationtodevelopingcountries?Opportunities:developingcountriesandregionsadapttothegeneraltrendofeconomicglobalization,activelytakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesofdeepeninginternationaldivisionoflaborandworldwideindustrialstructureadjustment,adoptopening-upstrategiesandpoliciesinlinewiththeirnationalconditions,introduceforeigncapital,technologyandmanagementexperience,andimprovetheirindustrialstructureandproductquality,Weshouldimprovethecompetitivenessofournationalenterprisesassoonaspossible,vigorouslydevelopforeigntrade,fullyandreasonablyallocatedomesticresourcesandrealizetherapiddevelopmentofoureconomy.Economicglobalizationcanalsopromotepoliticalreformindevelopingcountriesandacceleratetheprocessofdemocratization.Challenges:(1)developingcountriesareatadisadvantageinthecurrentprocessofeconomicglobalization.WiththerapiddevelopmentofGlobaltradeandglobalproductionsystem,thenationaleconomyofdevelopingcountriesisfacinggreatpressureandimpact,anditsdependenceondevelopedcountriesisalsoincreasing.(2)Economicglobalizationhasledtoandexacerbatedthefurtherimbalanceofworldeconomicdevelopment,anddevelopingcountrieslagbehinddevelopedcountries,especiallythoseatthebottom.(3)theunbalanceddevelopmentofChina'sdevelopingcountriesisalsoincreasing,whichposesapotentialthreattoinvestment,stimulatesthedevelopmentofthebubbleeconomy,andlayshiddendangerforthefinancialcrisis.(4)Thebiggestproblemorthreatbroughtbyeconomicglobalizationtodevelopingcountriesisthattheirnationalsovereigntyhasbeenimpactedandweakened,andtheirnationaleconomicsecurityhasbeenchallenged.(5)Ithasbroughtenormouspressureonthereformofdevelopingcountries.Economicglobalizationhasstrengthenedtheeconomictransmissionandsynchronization.Howtoacceptthepositivetransmissionandcurbthenegativetransmissionhasbecomeamajorproblemurgentlyneededtobesolvedbydevelopingcountries.5.Whatimpacthaseconomicglobalizationhadonnationalsovereigntyandtheworldpattern?Economicglobalizationhasimpactednationalsovereignty,andmutualcoordinationhasbecomethemainthemeofthetimes.Originallyauniquerightofacountry,ithasincreasinglybecomeacommonpoweroftheinternationalcommunity.Nationaleconomicactivitiesareincreasinglyoperatinginaccordancewithinternationaltreaties,agreements,normsandpractices;Theimprovementofthestatusofmultinationalcorporationsintheeconomiclifeofvariouscountriesweakenstheinterventionofthestateinindustrialpolicy.Economicglobalizationisoneofthedecisivefactorsinthedevelopment,evolutionandfinalformationoftheworldpatternafterthecoldwar.Aseconomicglobalizationhasgreatlystrengthenedtheroleofthelawofunbalanceddevelopment,thestatusofsomecountriesintheworldpatternhasdeclined,whiletheinfluenceandroleofothersintheworldpatternhaveincreased.Inthisway,theworldpattern,astheglobalcorestructure,willundergoamajoradjustmentinthebalanceofpower.Economicglobalizationhaspromotedworldmultipolarization,whichhasenhancedhumanharmony.Ineconomicglobalization,withtheacceleratedtransferandmovementofproductionfactorsintheworld,theproblemofglobalpublichazardshasbecomeincreasinglyprominent.Theirharminvolvesnotonlydevelopingcountries,butalsodevelopedcountries,andeventhewholeworld.Therefore,theprocessofeconomicglobalizationwillinevitablybringmanyinternationalpoliticalandeconomicfrictions.ChapterIII1.Whatarethebasiccharacteristicsofthepost-warscientificandtechnologicalrevolution?Whatimpactdoesithaveonthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyandworldeconomy?Basicfeaturesofthepost-warscientificandtechnologicalrevolution:1)Comprehensiveandworldwide.2)Thescientificrevolutionandthetechnologicalrevolutionhavedevelopedsimultaneouslyandformedtheintegrationofscience,technologyandproduction.3)Themachinesystem,laborstyleandlifestylehavebeeninnovated.4)thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyanditsapplicationinproductionhavebeenstronglysupportedbythegovernment.Impact:thepost-warscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionhasbroughtaboutgreatdevelopmentofsocialproductiveforcesandgreatchangesinthestructureofproductiveforces:(1)Thegreatdevelopmentofproductiveforces.Ithasgreatlyimprovedlaborproductivity,expandedcapitalaccumulationandexpandedthecommoditymarket.(2)Thetransformationofthesubstantiveelementsofproductivity:theworkersarebecomingmoreandmoreintelligent,thelabortoolsarebecomingmoreandmoreautomatic,andthelaborobjectsarebecomingmoreandmoreartificial.(3)Strengtheningofnonsubstantiveelementsofproductivity:Scienceandtechnologyhasbecomethefirstproductivity,andeducationhasbecomeanimportantreinforcingelementinmodernproductivity.(4)Changesinindustrial