2022屆高考英語專項(xiàng)突破-閱讀理解科技發(fā)展模擬題

2022屆高考英語專項(xiàng)突破-一閱讀理解科技發(fā)展模擬題

一、閱讀理解

Forpeople,whoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.In

thepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssound

professionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenew

productsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.

Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriesto

escape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,and

switchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcoustic

Device（LRAD,遠(yuǎn)程定向聲波發(fā)射器）.Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarily

disablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsof

thatperson,butitisnotdeadly.

Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareatthe

airporl,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming（哼唱）ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsit

overandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,you

cangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilence

Machineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondset

ofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineorpointitatthe

target,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.

Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesameway

spotlights（聚光燈）areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,

“spotsound''createsacircleofsoundinontargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchas

restaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceof

musicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontroloverthe

atmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersand

evenathomes.

1.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?

A.Itcausestemporaryhearingloss.

B.Itslowsdownarunningman.

C.Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect.

D.Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.

2.TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto.

A.silencethepeoplearoundyou

B.removethesoundofcommercials

C.blocktheincomingsoundwaves

D.stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyou

3.Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?

A.Theytravelincircles.

B.Theycleartheatmosphere.

C.Theycanbetransformedintoenergy.

D.Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.

4.Directedsoundcanbeusedfor.

A.creativedesignsofrestaurantmenus

B.idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstage

C.differentchoicesofmusicforbusinesses

D.strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer

5.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?

A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.

B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.

C.Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.

D.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.

Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshiny

andnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.

That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmore

energythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesatthe

RochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproduct

throughoutitslife——fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethod

providedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedby

generation—Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcameras

arrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,before

tabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-room

televisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVinevery

roomofthehouse/'saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourper

householdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.

AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesare

theworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）more

thandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.

Sowhat'sthesolution（解決方案）？Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalso

exploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethan

onefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demand

entertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby

44%.

6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.

C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

7.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?

A.Toreducethecostofminerals.

B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.

C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.

D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

8.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?

A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.

C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.

9.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?

A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.

C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.

Oneperiodofourliveswhenbetterresultsaredemandedofusis,strangelyenough,childhood.

Despitebeingyoungweareexpectedtoachievegoodgrades,stayoutoftrouble,makefriendsatschool,

dowellontests,performchores（家務(wù)事）athomeandsoon.It'snoteasy.

Thegoodnewsisthatbeinglikeablecanhelpachildperformbetter.Likeablechildrenenjoymany

advantages,includingtheabilitytocopemoreeasilywithstressesofgrowingup.Inherbook

UnderstandingChildStress,D匚CarolynLeonardstatesthatchildrenwhoarelikeableandoptimisticare

abletogainsupportfromothers.Thisleadstofocusandresilience（適應(yīng)力），theabilitytorecoverfromor

adjustearlytolifestress;achildwhohasadequateemotionalaimorcancontinuedownthepathtosuccess.

Muchresearchshowsthatresiliencehasenabledchildrentosucceedinschool,avoiddrugabuse,and

developahealthyself-awareness.

Whydoesalikeablechildmoreeasilyhandlestressanddobetterinhisorherlife?Becauselikeability

helpscreatewhat'sknownasapositivefeedbackloop（回饋圈）.Thepositivefeelingsyouwanttoseein

otherpeoplearereturnedtoyou,creatingconstantencouragementandmotivation,todealwiththedaily

stressoflife.

Thisfeedbackloopcontinuesintoadulthood.Toreturnonceagaintotheexampleofteaching,learning

becomeseasierwithalikeablepersonality.MichaelDeluecchioftheUniversityofHawaiirevieweddozens

ofstudiestodetermineiflikeableteachersreceivedgoodratingsbecauseoftheirlikeabilityorbecausethey

infacttaughtwell.Deluecchifoundthat"studentswhoperceiveateacheraslikeable,incontrasttothose

whodonot,maybemoreattentivetotheinformationthattheteacherdelivers,andthey'llworkharderon

assignments,andtheywilllearnmore^^.

Youmayhavenoticedthispatterninyourownlifewhenyoutrytogivesomeadvice.Themore

positiveyourrelationshipwiththatperson,themoreheorsheseemstolisten,andthemoreyoufeelcertain

thatthatpersonhasheardyouandintendstoactonyourwords.

10.Thewriterimpliesinthefirstparagraphthat.

A.childrenareexpectedmorethanweusuallythink

B.lifeisnoteasyforeveryoneofus

C.bettereducationresultsinsmarterchildren

D.tobealikeablechildisalmostimpossible

11.AccordingtoDr.Leonard,likeablechildren.

A.cancopemoreeasilywithstressindependently

B.knowhowtoavoidtroubleandunpleasantevents

C.arealwaysoptimisticandreadytohelpthoseinneed

D.canachievemoreandunderstandthemselvesbetter

12.Theterm"emotionalarmor^^inParagraph3means.

A.mentalsupportfromfriendsB.mentalsupportfromadults

C.failuresinlifeD.abilitytohandlelifestress

13.ThemainpurposeofthestudiesdonebyMichaelDelucchiistofind.

A.ifalikeableteacherhasapositivepersonality

B.ifalikeableteacherdrawsmoreattention

C.howateacher'slikeabilitygainspopularity

D.howalikeableteacher'steachingstyleisformed

14.Thepassageaimsatprovingthat.

A.likeablepeopledobetterinlifegenerally

B.likeablepeopledobetterintheirchildhood

C.socialcreaturesenjoyfeweradvantages

D.likeablepeoplegivebetteradvice

Weallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming.Itoffersagreatworkoutforthebody—itbuilds

endurance,musclestrengthandcardiovascularfitness.Ifyoudon'tmindgettingwet,itcanbefuntoo.But

whowouldenjoyswimminginwaterthatisicecold.Well,manypeoplearetakingtheplunge,basedon

evidencethatitcanactuallybegoodforus.

Cold-waterswimming—sometimescalledwildswimming—involvesswimminginnaturalareas

includingponds,riversandthesea.Jumpingingivesashortsharpshocktothebody,butmanyparticipants

saytheygetusedtoit.Acolddipmightwakeyouup,butresearchhasfoundjtcanhavemuchbigger

benefitsthanthatforyourbodyandmind.Aswellasbeinggoodexercise,spendingtimeoutdoorsandby

waterimproveswellbeing.

Thereismuchevidence,mostlyanecdotal,thatsuggestscold-waterswimminghascuredcertainhealth

conditions.Onemanwhosufferedconstantpainaftersurgeryclaimedhewascuredbytakingaplungein

coldopenwater.Andanotherswimmer,SandriaSimons,toldtheBBC“theimmersionofyourbodyincold,

saltwater,justfeelinglikeyouYeatonewithnatureifyoulike,justfeelsamazing.

Butwhatisitthatpeoplearegainingfromthischillyexperience?Doctorssaygettingintocoldwater

evokesastressresponse,butthemoreyoudoit,yourreactiontostressisreduced.It'salsothoughttohave

astronganti-inflammatoryeffect.Buttherearebiggerbenefitstothisstress-reducingexercise.Some

expertsbelievecold-waterswimminghelps'cross-adaptation1,whereoneformofstresspreparesthebody

foranother.Forexample?italsohelpsreducethestressofexercisingathighaltitude.

So,ifyou'reconvincedthatthisisforyou,takeadvice:approachitwithcaution,swimwithafriend,

andmaybestartinthesummer,whenthewatertemperaturesarehigher!

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Swimmingandhealth.B.Cold-waterswimming.

C.Reducingstress.D.Achillyexperience.

16.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrefertointhe2ndparagraph?

A.Thesharpbodyshock.B.Thebenefit.

C.Thecolddip.D.Theresearch.

17.WhatisSandriaSimons'opinionaboutcold-waterswimming?

A.Itbringsyouclosetonature.B.Itcurescertainhealthconditions.

C.Ithascross-adaptationeffects.D.It'sagreatphysicalexercise.

18.Whatistheauthor'sadvice?

A.Startatanearlyage.B.Doitimmediately.

C.Adaptfirstincoldwater.D.Safetycomesfirst.

參考答案：

1.A

2.D

3.D

4.C

5.B

【解析】

1.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarily

disablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintothe

earsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.”可知它發(fā)出震耳欲聾的聲音，這種聲音令人如此痛苦以

至于它會(huì)使人暫時(shí)喪失能力。LRAD發(fā)出的噪音像光線一樣被引導(dǎo)，只進(jìn)入那個(gè)人的耳朵,

但不會(huì)致命。由此可推知，LRAD會(huì)導(dǎo)致暫時(shí)性聽力損失。故選A。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsound

andcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simply

turnthemachineonpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.”可知，它的功能

是通過分析傳入聲音的波，并產(chǎn)生第二組傳出的波。這兩組波會(huì)相互抵消。只要打開機(jī)器對(duì)

準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)，你的寧靜就會(huì)回來。由此可知，靜音機(jī)是一種專門設(shè)計(jì)用來阻止有害聲音影響你的

設(shè)備。故選D。

3.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,a

ttspotsound,,createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.”可知,聚光燈只能照亮舞臺(tái)的一個(gè)部

分；類似地，一個(gè)"spotsound”在一個(gè)目標(biāo)區(qū)域創(chuàng)建一個(gè)聲音圈。由此可知，spotsounds和聚

光燈的共同特性是它們可以被定向到一個(gè)特定的區(qū)域，故選Do

4.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;

similarly,,,spotsound,,createsacircleofsoundinontargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulfor

businessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.

Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoiceonthemenu,allowing

customersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.”可知，聚光燈只能照亮舞

臺(tái)的一個(gè)部分；類似地，一個(gè)"spotsound”在一個(gè)目標(biāo)區(qū)域創(chuàng)建一個(gè)聲音圈。這對(duì)餐館和商店

等企業(yè)很有用，因?yàn)樗峁┝艘环N吸引顧客的新方式。餐廳可以提供音樂選擇與菜單上的各

種食物選擇，讓顧客更多地控制氣氛，在他們用餐。由此可知，定向音響可以用于不同的商

業(yè)音樂選擇。故選C。

5.

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsof

recordingstudios,butmanyoftoday*ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeand

experiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwe

callsound.”可知，在過去，音響工程師在錄音室的后室工作，但今天的許多音響專業(yè)人士正

在與其他領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士分享他們的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以我們所謂的聲音現(xiàn)象為基礎(chǔ)創(chuàng)造新產(chǎn)品。

結(jié)合下文具體內(nèi)容可知，本文著重論述了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。故選B。

6.A

7.D

8.B

9.A

【解析】

6.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-as

theseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.nJ

知，使用舊的電子設(shè)備對(duì)環(huán)境和我們的錢包都是壞消息。這些過時(shí)的設(shè)備做相同的事情要消

耗比新設(shè)備更多的能量。由此推知作者認(rèn)為新電子設(shè)備環(huán)保、節(jié)能。故選A。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,

CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedthe

environmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife可知，Babbitt'steam研究的目的是弄清

楚這些設(shè)備用了多少電。故選D。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewing

ontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知,平

板電腦是耗能最少的電子設(shè)備，可以降低44%的耗能。故選B。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容可知，因?yàn)榕f的電子設(shè)備耗能高，不環(huán)保。所以作者

建議停止使用舊的電子設(shè)備。故選A。

1.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsume

muchmoreenergythanthenewsonesthatdothesamethings

做同樣的事，舊的過時(shí)的裝置比新裝置消耗更多能源，對(duì)環(huán)境有害，浪費(fèi)錢財(cái)。

2.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt9steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderay

tubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegas

emissions（排放）mo】ethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.

根據(jù)Babbitt團(tuán)隊(duì)的分析，舊的桌面顯示器和陰極射線管箱式電視機(jī)是最差的電子設(shè)備，它

們的耗能和溫室氣體的排放是1992到2007window的兩倍還多。

3.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktop

computerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在平板電腦上看的隨需變化的娛樂

節(jié)目比在電視和電腦上看耗能減少了44%o

10.A

11.D

12.D

13.B

14.A

【解析】

10.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Despitebeingyoungweareexpectedtoachievegoodgrades,stay

outoftrouble,makefriendsatschool,dowellontests,performchores（雜務(wù)）athomeandso

on.“盡管還年輕，我們被期望取得好成績(jī)，遠(yuǎn)離麻煩，在學(xué)校交朋友，在考試中取得好成績(jī)，

在家里做家務(wù)等等?！庇纱丝芍?，作者在第一段暗示孩子們比我們通常認(rèn)為的更受期待。故

選Ao

11.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Dr.CarolynLeonardstatesthatchildrenwhoarelikeableand

optimisticareabletogainsupportfromothers.Thisleadstofocusandresilience（適應(yīng)力）,the

abilitytorecoverfromoradjustearlytolifestress.”卡洛琳?倫納德博士指出,可愛、討人喜歡的

孩子能夠獲得他人的支持。這將導(dǎo)致專注力和恢復(fù)力，以及從生活壓力中恢復(fù)或及早調(diào)整的

能力?！庇纱丝芍?，倫納德博士說，可愛的孩子可以取得更多成就，也能更好地了解自己。

故選D。

12.

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中Thisleadstofocusandresilience（適應(yīng)力）,theabilitytorecover

fromoradjustearlytolifestress;“這就導(dǎo)致了專注力和恢復(fù)力，即及早從生活壓力中恢復(fù)或調(diào)

整的能力。所以一個(gè)處理生活壓力的能力的孩子可以在通往成功的道路上繼續(xù)前進(jìn)?！庇纱?/p>

推知，劃線部分指的是“處理生活壓力的能力故選D。

13.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中MichaelDelucchioftheUniversityofHawaiirevieweddozensof

studiestodetermineiflikeableteachersreceivedgoodratingsbecauseoftheirlikeabilityor

becausetheyinfacttaughtwell.”夏威夷大學(xué)的邁克爾?德魯奇（MichaelDelucchi）回顧了數(shù)十項(xiàng)

研究，以確定討人喜歡的老師獲得高分是因?yàn)樗麄兪苋讼矏?，還是因?yàn)樗麄儗?shí)際上教得好J'

由此可知，MichaelDelucchi所做的研究的主要目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)討人喜歡的老師是否能吸引

更多的注意。故選B。

14.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Whydoesalikeablechildmoreeasilyhandlestressanddobetterinhis

orherlife?”為什么一個(gè)討人喜歡的孩子更容易處理壓力，在他或她的生活中做得更好?。根

據(jù)第四段“Deluecchifoundthat"studentswhoperceiveateacheraslikeable,incontrasttothose

whodonot,maybemoreattentivetoth