NFPA基本消防及生命安全規(guī)范架構

Basic

Fire

&

Life

Safetyfor

Radiation

Safety

ProfessionalsRobert

Emery,

DrPH,

CHP,

CIH,

CSP,

RBP,

CHMM,

CPP,

ARMVice

President

for

Safety,

Health,

Environment,

Risk

Management

&

Quality

AssuranceThe

University

of

Texas

Health

Science

Center

at

HoustonAssociate

Professor

of

Occupational

HealthThe

University

of

Texas

School

of

Public

HealthWhy

do

we

need

fire

andlife

safety

codes?According

to

the

NFPA,

in

2007

therewere…530,500

structure

fires

–

one

every

minute3,000

civilian

deaths

–

one

every

2.5

hours15,350

civilian

injuries

–

one

every

30

minutes$10,600,000,000

in

property

damage

A

fire

department

responded

to

a

fire

every

20secondsSlide

2ObjectivesIntroduce

the

codes

that

drive

fire

and

lifesafety

complianceOverview

of

fire

detection

and

suppressionProvide

tools

to

conduct

a

basic

fire

andlife

safety

assessmentSlide

3Fire

Regulations

and

CodesSafety

and

Health

Regulations–

OSHA

(29

CFR

1910

&

1926)Fire

and

Life

Safety

CodesInternational

Building

Code

(IBC)National

Fire

Protection

Association

(NFPA)Municipal

RequirementsIBCOSHANFPANIOSHSlide

4Additional

RequirementsAll

codes

are

minimum

requirementsInsurance

company

requirementsCompany

policiesThe

Joint

CommissionState

and/or

City

requirementsSlide

5How

are

These

Codes

Enforced

Codes

are

adopted

by

reference

byordinance.

Plans

for

remodeling

or

a

newconstruction

must

be

approved

bythe

authority

having

jurisdiction

(AHJ)prior

to

starting

work.State

Fire

Marshal’s

OfficeLocal

Fire

Department

or

City

CodeOfficialsDesignated

Local

AHJ

Take

Home

Message

–

Know

whatcode(s)

apply

to

your

operationSlide

6Which

do

I

follow?Remodeling

or

new

construction

plansmust

be

approved

by

authority

havingjurisdiction

(AHJ)

prior

to

starting

workState

Fire

Marshal’s

OfficeLocal

Fire

Department

or

City

Code

OfficialsDesignated

Local

AHJSlide

7910、要閱學讀生一做切的好事書，如教同職和員過躬去親最共杰出做；的人要談學話生學。3:5316:13:316:137/21/20214:153:53PM16:1的知識，教職員躬親共學；要學生守的規(guī)則，教職員躬親共守。y,July2sdeW12n.711212.7.12202,1e.da、31■誰把握機遇，誰就心想事成。:12yluJ35:3126135:31:611.71212.7.12.1202,tgirehtsi,tnemomthgirehteziesohweHh.nam

、要記住，你不僅是教課的教師，也是學生的教育者，生活的導師和道德的引路人。2yluJ,yadsendeW31:6135:31:6135:31:611202,1:6112.7.12112lu1l-1212-uJ31:6J35:3-。人的學育教和學理心得懂個一，師教的好個一211151、一誰年要之是計自，己莫還如沒樹有谷發(fā)；展十培年養(yǎng)之和計教，育莫好如，樹他木就；不終能身發(fā)之展計培，莫養(yǎng)和如教樹育人別。人0212年。7月年下月午日4時星31分期2y:112.7.12613Jul1202,1三下午時分秒235:31:6112.7.135314127120241■■ 17、兒、提出一個問題往往比解決一個更重要。因為解決問下午4時13分53秒題也許童是中心，教育的措施便圍繞他們而組織起來。16 僅是一午4時13分16:13:5321.7.21個數(shù)學上或實驗上的技能而已，而提出新的問題，卻需要有創(chuàng)造性的想像力，而且標志著科學的真正進步。年月日星期三時分秒lu1235:31:61J1202y353142171202下1、Geniusonlymeanshard-workingallone"slife.(Mendeleyer,Russian

Chemist)天才只意味著終身不懈的努力。21.5.265.26.202108:3008:30:57May-2108:302、Ourdestinyoffersnotonlythecupofdespair,butthechaliceofopportunity.(Richard

Nixon,American

President)命運給予我們的不是失望之酒，而是機會之杯。二〇二一年五月二十六日2021年5月26日星期三3、Patienceisbitter,butitsfruitissweet.(Jean

Jacques

Rousseau,Frenchthinker)忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果實是甜蜜的。08:305.26.202108:305.26.202108:3008:30:575.26.202108:305.26.20214、Allthatyoudo,dowithyourmight;thingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.R.H.Stoddard,Americanpoet做一切事都應盡力而為，半途而廢永遠不行

5.26.20215.26.202108:3008:3008:30:5708:30:575、Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That"sthesecretofsuccess.Charles

Chaplin人必須相信自己，這是成功的秘訣。-Wednesday,May

26,2021May

21Wednesday,May

26,20215/26/2021Slide

8Features

of

Building

Fire

and

Life

SafetyAlarmsSprinklersRated

CorridorsExit

Access

Number

of

RequiredExitsEgress

WidthsOccupant

LoadsElevator

Recall

Fire

Rated

Doors

&FramesSmoke

ControlRated

Stairwells

FireproofingRequirementsElectrical

Safety

ConstructionCombustibility

Fire

and

SmokeDampersEmergency

PowerRoof

AssembliesSlide

9Slide

10Fire

Alarm

SystemsPlay

an

Essential

Role

inProtecting

Property

andLives

From

Fire.Protection

Goals

GovernsSystem

SelectionBuilding

Occupant

SafetySatisfy

Building

Codes

or

AHJRequirementsProperty

ProtectionFirst

Responder

SafetyEnvironmental

ProtectionCombinationFire

Alarm

SystemsIBC

references

NFPA

72

for

installationand

maintenanceNFPA

72

–

National

Fire

Alarm

CodeBasic

ComponentsPanelDetectionManual

AlarmNotificationOff-Premises

Connection

for

SupervisionSlide

11Fire

Alarm

SystemsFire

Alarm

System

Will

ProvideThree

Types

of

SignalsAlarmTrouble

–

indicates

a

fault

in

amonitoring

circuit

or

component

of

thefire

alarm

systemBad

smoke

detectorGround

faultSupervisory

–

indicates

a

problem

withother

fire

protection

systems

beingmonitored

by

the

fire

alarm

systemWater

valve

to

sprinkler

system

closed·

Clean

agent

system

problemAlarmSupervisoryTroubleSlide

12Off-Premises

Connection

forSupervisionSlide

13Common

Fire

DetectionSmoke

DetectorIonizationPhotoelectricHeat

DetectorsFixed

TemperatureRate-of-RiseSlide

14Slide

15Manual

Pull

StationsManual

pull

devices

will

belocated

on

the

wallActivated

by

pulling

on

ahandlesSends

signal

to

building’fire

alarm

system

whichplaces

the

building

intoalarmNotification

AppliancesAudible

alarms

(How

loud

is

loudenough?)Public

–

SPL

must

be

5

dB

above

anyambient

noise

that

lasts

60

sec.

ormore,

or

15

dB

above

the

24-hraverage,

whichever

is

greaterSleeping

quarters

–

Minimum

of

75dBASlide

16Notification

AppliancesVoice

CommunicationBetter

to

have

a

larger

number

oflower

SPL

units

vs.

a

few

very

loudunitsIntelligibility

can

be

a

problemSlide

17Notification

AppliancesVisual

alarmsPrimarily

intended

to

augmentaudible

alarmsCommon

Locations

of

VisualAlarmsCorridorsMeeting

roomsRestroomsEnclosed

elevator

lobbiesSlide

18Fire

Alarm

System

InterfacesHeating

Ventilation

and

AirConditioningDuct

detectorsAHU

shut-downSprinkler

water

flow

alarmsMagnetic

lock

release

mechanismsDoor

unlocking

devicesElevator

recallStairwell

pressurizationSlide

19System

ReliabilityBased

on

Four

ElementsDesignEquipmentUnderwriters

LaboratoriesFactory

Mutual

GlobalInstallationMaintenanceInspection,

Testing,

and

Maintenance

are

crucialUnfortunately,

some

problems

may

be

identifiedafter

the

previous

three

have

been

completedSlide

20Fire

SuppressionWater

Based

SuppressionClean

Agent

SystemsFire

ExtinguishersSlide

21Water

Based

SuppressionWet-PipeSystem

contains

water

under

pressure

atall

timesSeries

of

closed

sprinkler

headsHeat

activates

sprinkler

headWater

is

discharged

immediately*

Not

recommended

if

system

could

be

exposed

to

temperaturesbelow

40oFSlide

22Wet-Pipe

SystemMain

valveAlarm

check

valveFire

department

checkvalveFire

departmentconnectionWater

motor

alarmSprinkler

headInspector’s

test

valveSlide

23Wet-Pipe

SystemOnly

the

sprinkler

heads

heated

by

the

fire

activateFire

sprinklers

spray

18

gallons

of

water

per

minuteSprinkler

headAs

temperature

risesthe

bulb

will

shatterWater

isreleasedanddeflected

ina

spraypatternSlide

24Sprinkler

Color

Codes

and

RatingsColorSprinklerClassificationTemperature

RatingRedOrdinary135-170Yellow/GreenIntermediate175-225BlueHigh250-300PurpleExtra

High325-375BlackUltra

High500-575Slide

25Field

Method

for

Temporary

Stoppageof

Sprinkler

HeadSlide

26Slide

27Dry-Pipe

SystemSystem

contains

air

under

pressure–

Compressor

on

system

keeps

pressure

upSprinkler

heads

hold

the

pressureA

dry-pipe

valve

holds

back

the

water

supplyValve

opens

when

pressure

falls

below

apredetermined

levelSprinkler

head

activation

–

pressure

drop

–

valve

opens

–

water

sent

to

all

heads

–water

discharged

from

activated

sprinkler

head(s)*

Recommended

for

areas

that

could

experience

freezingtemperaturesSlide

28How

do

Dry-Pipe

Systems

Work?5.

Water

Discharges

from

activated

headHeat

ActivatedPressure

DropValve

OpensWater

sent

to

all

sprinkler

headsDry-Pipe

SystemSupply

check

valveMain

valveDry

pipe

valveFire

departmentcheck

valveFire

departmentconnectionWater

motor

alarmSprinkler

headInspector’s

testvalveSlide

29Pre-action

SystemSystem

contains

air

under

pressure–

Compressor

on

system

keeps

pressure

upWater

held

back

by

pre-action

valveSystem

equipped

with

supplemental

detectionOperation

of

detection

system

allows

pre-actionvalve

to

open

and

water

fills

the

systemWater

not

discharged

until

fire

has

generatedsufficient

heat

to

activate

a

sprinkler

head*

Typically

found

in

computer

rooms

and

museumsSlide

30Slide

31How

do

Pre-Action

Systems

Work?1.Smoke

Detected5.

Water

Discharges

from

activated

head4.Water

sent

to

all

sprinkler

heads3.Valve

OpensSlide

32Pre-action

SystemSupply

check

valveMain

valveWater

control

or

delugevalveFire

department

checkvalveFire

departmentconnectionWater

motor

alarmSprinkler

head

(closed)DetectorElectrical

bellManual

release

stationControl

panelInspector’s

test

valveFire

PumpsFire

pumps

are

utilized

when

thehydraulic

demand

exceeds

public

supplycapacityComponentsPump

and

motorControllersJockey

pumpWater

tankSlide

33Water

SupplyStandpipe

SystemClass

I

–

2

?

inch

hose

connectionintended

for

fire

department

useClass

II

–

1

?

inch

hoseconnections

intended

for

first-aidfire

fightingClass

III

–

Provided

with

both

2

?inch

and

1

?

inch

hose

connectionsFire

Department

ConnectionSlide

34Suppression

Without

WaterHalon

–

NFPA

12ABeing

phased

out

per

1987Montreal

ProtocolCarbon

Dioxide

–

NFPA

12Clean

Agent

–

NFPA

2001Inert

gas

formulation*

These

systems

are

often

not

recognized

asallowable

substitute

for

water

suppressionSlide

35Slide

36Fire

Extinguishers■NFPA

10

standard

for

portable

fireextinguishers■Select

appropriate

extinguisher

for

areaClass

A,

B,

C,

D,

and

K■Identify

hazard

occupancyLight

HazardOffices,

schools,

assembly

hallsOrdinary

HazardMercantile

storage,

parking

garagesHigh

Hazard·

Woodworking

area,

warehousesSlide

37Conducting

a

Basic

AssessmentDetermine

Your

Building

Occupancy

Type

FirstIBC

Occupancy

ClassificationsAssembly:

Group

A-1,

A-2,

A-3,

A-4

and

A-5Business:

Group

BEducational:

Group

EFactory

and

Industrial:

Groups

F-1

and

F-2High

Hazard:

Groups

H-1,

H-2,

H-3,

H-4,

and

H-5Institutional:

Group

I-1,

I-2,

I-3

and

I-4Mercantile:

Group

M