2021年研究生英語一模擬試卷與答案解析

2021年研究生英語一模擬試卷與答案解析5一、單選題（共30題）Text1OnJanuarylsttheBill&MelindaGatesFoundationdidsomethingthatmayhelptochangethepracticeofscience.Itbroughtintoforceapolicy,foreshadowedtwoyearsearlier,thatresearchitsupportsmust,whenpublished,befreelyavailabletoall.OnMarch23rditfollowedthisupbyannouncingthatiiwillpaythecostofputtingsuchresearchinoneparticularrepositoryoffreelyavailablcpapers.Toalayman,thismaysoundneithercontroversialnorground-breaking.Butthecrucialwordis"freely".ItmeanspapersreportingGates-sponsoredresearchcannotbechargedfor.Nopaywalls.Nojournalsubscriptions.Thatisnotanewidea,butthefoundation'sannouncementgivesitteeth.ItmeansrecipientsofGates'largessecannolongeroffertheirpaperstojournalssuchasNature,theNewEnglandJoiu-na!o[MedicineortheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,sincereadingthecontentsofthesepublicationscostsmoney.Onecriticism,inaworldwheremostnon-commercialscientificresearchissponsoredbygovernments,isthatthereshouldbenofurtherchargeforreadingtheresultsoftaxpayer-fundedwork.Journals,inotherwords,shouldhavenocoverorsubscriptionprice.Asecondisthattheprocessofgettingapaperpublishedtakestoolong.Months-sometimesyears-canpasswhileahopefulresearcherfirstfindsajournalwillingtopublish,andthenwaitsforpeerreviewandthenegotiationofamendments.Thatkeepsothersinthefieldinthedarkaboutnewresultsforlongerthanisreallynecessary,andthusslowsdowntheprogressofscience.Third,thoughthisislesseasytoprove,manyresearcherssuspectthatanonymouspeerreviewissometimesexploitedbyrivalstodelaythepublicationofcompetitors'papers.Partialsolutionstosomeoftheseproblemshavebeentried.TheGatesfoundationisexperimentingwithcarrots,aswellassticks.Ithasofferedthepublishersofonetop-flightjournal,Science$l00,000tomakepaperspublishedthisyearaboutGates-sponsoredresearchfreetoreadfromthebeginning.Ifthisgoeswell,theexperimentmaybeextendedtootherpublications.Similarly,thereisamovementamongsomepublisherstomakepapersfreetothereaderbychargingtheauthorsforthecostsofpublication-usuallyintherangeof$2,000-$3,000perpaper.Butmanynowthinkthesearehalf-measures,andthatarealrevolutionintheideaofscientificpublishingisneeded.23.Thefollowingarementionedascriticismstotaxpayer-fundedresearchEXCEPTA：theunwillingnessofmanyresearcherstopublishtheoriginaldata.B：thepeerreviewprocesshavingfailedtodowhatitshould.C：muchlongcycleforapapertogetpublished.D：thedemandoffreeaccesstoscientificpapers.【答案】：A【解析】：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段，該段講到三個評論，但未提到A項，故選A項?！靖蓴_排除】第三段講到的三個評論分別為：閱讀納稅人資助的研究結(jié)果不應當再次收費；論文出版的過程非常漫長；匿名的同行審閱過程有時會被競爭對手利用以延遲論文的出版時間。分別對應DC、B三項，故均排除。Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountryspeople.Oldcountriesthathavenumerous（）craftsmenarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilleD.Furthermore,wealthalsoproduceswealth.A：skillfulB：skilledC：capableD：shrewd【答案】：B【解析】：skilled經(jīng)過訓練的，而skillful是熟練的，有技巧的；根據(jù)上下文，選skilled。Accordingtoresearch,therearesituationswherebeingmoreexperienced-beingmoreexpert,ormoreknowledgeable-leadstolowerperformance.Experiencecanbea（n）1.2wehavebeensuccessful,it'seasytofeelthatwehavelittlelefttolearn.Inonestudy,researchersaskedagroupofworkingadultsfroma30findustriesandjobsintheUnitedStatestochoosebetweentwohypotheticalinvestmentoptions.Next,researchersgavethemageneral-knowledgetest,whichwas4toprimesomeofthemtofeellikeexperts.Thisgroupwasgiveneasyquestionstoanswer.Othersweregivenmuchmore5questions.Next,allthe6weretoldthatthefundthey'ddecidedtoinvest7hadn'tdonewell.Researchersaskedthem8theywantedtoswitchtoadifferentfundorstick9thesameone.Theparticipantswhofeltlikeexperts-eventhoughtheirexpertisewas10ageneraltriviaquizthathadnothingtodowithinvesting-wereless11toswitchgears.Theytunedoutnegativeinformationthatclearly12theyhadmadeapoordecision.Thefeelingofknowingleadsust0130urpastchoices-andthe14todosogrowsstrongerthemoreexperienceweacquire.Wesawthis15inareal-worldsituationwithhighstakes.In2006,theFDAissuedawarningaboutthedangersofusingacommontechnology,drug-elutingstents,in"off-label"cases.Itwassurprisedtofindthatthemoreexperiencecardiologistshadonthejob,themorelikelytheyweret016tousedrug-elutingstents,.17theworrisomedangerstheFDAhadhighlighted.Thedecisionsoftheexperiencedcardiologistsalsoinfluencedtheircardiologistcoworkers,18.ofhowlongthey'dbeeninthefield.Thedoctorsinthesample,19,followedtheleadofmoreexperiencedcardiologists,notrealizingthattheirexperiencewas20whatwasbe

A：ifB：whyC：howD：where【答案】：Astfortheirpatients.8選？stfortheirpatients.8選？【解析】：本題考查句內(nèi)語義邏輯。由并列連詞or及對比結(jié)構(gòu)adifferentfundVSlhcsameonc/fund 可推知，空格句指出兩種選擇．故空格處為A.if。Text3Thehotelguestroomtelephoneisbeingignoredmoreandmorethesedays.Theaveragehotelguestchecksinwiththreemobiledevices.Thathaspushedtheguestroomphonedownthelistofpreferredcommunicationdevices,"Wehavenoticedasigniflcantdeclineinguestroomphoneusageandthatguests,byandlarge,bringandusetheirownmobilephones:'saysKevinCarl,executivevicepresidentofRadissonHotelGroup.Andwhynot?Hotelstraditionallyhavechargedexorbitant（過高的）pricesfortheprivilegeofusingalandline.Travelersarenowhanginguponthetraditionalphoneandusingthehotelroomphoneonlyforminorlogisticalpurposes,thankstotheadventofnewtechnologies.KateAshton,seniorvicepresidentofoperationsforWyndhamGrand,saysthemostcommonusesforin-roomphonesareforcallstothefrontdesk.Themostfrequentlyaskedquestionsare"What'stheWi-Fipassword?"and"Whenischeckouttime?"Thatsaid,hotelssaytheywouldnevergiveuponIandlinesforthesimplereasonthattheyneedthemforsecurity."Havingalandlineaccessiblemeansguestscanalwayshaveawaytocallincaseofemergencyoriftheyhaveanyissueswiththeirowndevices,"Ashtonsays.Thatdoesn'tmeantheguestroomtelephoneisnotchangingorthathotelsaren'tfindingtechnologiestosupplementthelandline."Telephonescontinuetoevolveandbecomemorestylishinthehotelspace,"saysAndreaTorrance,vicepresidentofoperationsforAccorHotelsNorthandCentralAmerica.Hotelroomphonesusedtobequitesimplewithonelineandbasicservices.NowcompaniessuchasCetisprovideextensiveservicesoutofonedevicesuchasone-touchvoicemailretrieval,Bluetoothparingformusicstreaminganddigitalclocks.Theyalsohavebuilt-inUSBchargingportsforsmarfphones."Now,thetrendseemstobegoingbackwardintimetoasinglelinecordedtelephone,"saysChadCollins,vicepresidentofsalesfortheAmericasatVTech,acompanythatproduceshotellandlines."Ibelievethisisdrivenbythefactthathotelssimplywantatelephonewithadialtone,notallofthebellsandwhistles.Guests'demandsarechanging,andthetelephoneisnotexcludedfromthosechanges."Butmanyhotelsarefindingotherwaystocommunicatewithguests.Roxy,aSeattlestart-up,hascreatedspeech-enableddevicesthatwillallowhotelstoreplacelandlineswithvoice-activatedcalling.Thedevicesalsoactasaguests'personalconcierge.Guestscanplacerequeststothefrontdeskandgetrecommendationsforrestaurantsandactivities.Collinssaysthereisnowayalandlinewillcompetewithamobilephone.Buthebelievesbothcanservedifferentpurposes."Theideathatwearetryingtocompetewithmobiledevicesisabitmisguided,"hesays.34.RoxyiscitedtoillustratethatA：hotelguestphonemaybereplaced.B：phonetechnologyisfastdeveloped.C：itsnewtypeoftelephoneiswelcomed.D：thereareotherwaystocommunicatewithguests.【答案】：D【解析】：推理判斷題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章第七段，在提到洛克西之前，文章提到“但許多酒店正在尋找與客人溝通的其他方式”，后文講到洛克西開發(fā)了一種具有多功能的設(shè)備，因此文章用洛克西的例子來說明還有其他與客人交流的方式，故D項為正確選項。【干擾排除】文章講的是酒店的客房電話不會被取代，且提到一些公司為滿足客人的需求而對酒店客房電話進行的改造升級，A項與此文義相反；文章的主題是酒店的客房電話，而非電話技術(shù)， B項屬于無中生有；C項文中未提及，屬于無中生有。故均排除。Perfectionismoftengetsabadrapinourculture,andit'seasytoseewhy:Holdingyourselftounrealisticorimpossiblestandardscansetyouupfordepression,anxiety,sleepdisturbancesandotherhealthproblems.Butit.10utthatnotallformsofperfectionismarebad.Allformsofperfectionismincludehighstandards.Yet,"adaptiveorhealthyperfcctionismis2achievingthingsbecauseyouwanttodowell,3maladaptiveorunhealthyperfectionismisoften4byfearoffailureorfearof5others,"oneexpertsays.Astudy6maladaptivetoadaptiveperfectionismfoundthat7peopleinbothcampswerecomparably8aboutmakingmistakes.maladaptiveperfectionistsscoredhigheston90fself-criticism,perceivedstressanddepression,whileadaptiveperfectionistsscoredhighestonreappraisal(beingabletochangeasituation'smeaningto10it.semotionaleffects).11aclaptiveperfectionism,the"personadaptswellwhenthingsdonotturnoutas120rhopedfororadjustmentsneedtobemade,"notesstudyleadauthorKennethRice,professorandco-directoroftheCenterfortheStudyofStress,Trauma,andResilienceatGeorgiaStateUniversity.13,someonewithmaladaptiveperfectionismhasthesamehighstandardsorperformance14."combinedwithanextremelyhighlevelofself-criticism,difficultyadjustingwhenthesituationneedsthepersontoadjust,andprobablyafundamentalcoresenseofinadequacy15thingsturnoutwell,"headds.16,the"standardsinandofthemselvesarenotbad;it'sthestuffpeople17tothemthatcanmakethem18,"Ricesays.Notsurprisingly,researchhas19maladaptiveperfectionismandcontingentself-worth(whichistiedtoone'sappearanceorrelationships )withanincreasedriskof20disorderedeatingandanxiety,amongotherhealthproblems.4選？A：restrainedB：drivenC：upsetD：followed【答案】：B【解析】：本題考查句內(nèi)語義十動詞辨析。已知前后內(nèi)容為對比關(guān)系，故空格詞應該和前半句because功能類似，都“引出行為的推動原因”．B.driven符合文意。Text4Ride-hailinggiantUberisbuyingtheelectric-bikestart-upJumpBikes,addingbikesharingtoitstransportationoptions'.UberChiefExecutiveDaraKhosrowshahiannouncedMondaythathiscompanyhadreachedadealtoacquireJump,whichoperatesdocklessbike-sharingservicesinSanFranciscoandtheDistrictofColumbia.Thetermsoftheagreementwerenotdisclosed.TechCrunchreportedlastweekthatthesalecouldexceed$100million."We'recommittedtobringingtogethermultiplemodesoftransportationwithintheUberapp-sothatyoucanchoosethefastestormostaffordablewaytogetwhereyou'regoing,whetherthat'sinanUber,onabike,onthesubway,ormore,"Khosrowshahisaidinablogpost.ThedealcomesafewmonthsafterUberlaunchedapilotprogramtointegrateJumpservicesintotheUbcrappinSanFrancisco.Thepilot,whichenablespeopletofindandreservethebikesthroughtheUberapp.is"offtoaverysrrongstart,"Khosrowshahisaid.Uber'smovetoacquireJumpsignalsthecompany'swillingnesstocontinuetoexpanditsreachbeyonditscoreride-hailingservices.Uberhasbeenworkingtopartnerwithfixedtransitsystemsandhasbeenpursuingautonomousveliicleventures,fooddeliveryservicesandnowbikesharing.BothUbcrandJumpsaythegoalistooffermultiplemodesoftransportationwithintheUberapp,togiveusersoptionstofastandaffordabletransportationandmakeiteasiertolivewithoutowningacar."We'reexcitedtobeginournextchapterandtoplayasignificantpartinthetransitionofUbertoamultimodalplatform,"JumpBikesfounderandChiefExecutiveRyanRzepeckisaidinablogpostMonday."JoiningUberpresentsuswiththeopportunitytorealizeourdreamsfasterandatamuchlargerscale."TheJumpbrandwillcontinueaspartoftheUberfamily,Rzepeckisaid.Theneonredbikesavailableforrentinthenation'scapitalandtheBayAreaarepartofagrowingmarketfordocklessbikesharing.DocklessbikesharecompaniesareexpandingacrosstheU.S.,givingridersthefreedomtolocateGPS-trackedbikesthroughapps,unlockthemandridethemfromwhereverthelastuserleftthem.InWashington,Jumpisoneoffivedocklessbikeoperators.Ithasdeployedabout200bicyclesinthecityandhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularbikeservices,witheachbikeaveraging3.5tripsdailyand11milesaday,accordingtoacompanyspokeswoman.Thebikesfeatureanelectricmotorinthefrontwheelandabatteryconcealedintheframe.Unlikeotherdocklesssystems,whichcanbeleftwhereverthere'ssidewalkspace,JumpbikesmustbelockedtoabikerackwithanintegratedU-lockthatisheldmagneticallytotheframe.ItcostsS2for30minutesofridetime.36.AvarietyofwaysoftransportationmaybeaddedintotheUberapptoA：canenlargeitsmarketimpact.B：cangetarichreturn.C：canreachadealwithJump.D：canofferbetterandconvenientservices.【答案】：D【解析】：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段。文章提到我們致力于在優(yōu)步應用程序中整合多種交通方式，這樣你就可以選擇最快或最經(jīng)濟的方式到達你要去的地方，故D項正確。【干擾排除】A項和B項原文未提及；C項為第一段的內(nèi)容，且并非各種各樣的交通工具被添加到優(yōu)步應用程序中的原因。Poets,songwritersandpoliticianshatetheidea,butfordecadesopinion-pollevidencehasbeenclear:moneybuyshappinessandthericheryouare,themorelikelyyouaretoexpresssatisfactionwithyourl

ife.Untilnow,asurveyof43countries1)onOctober30thbythepewResearchCenreofWashington,DC,showsthatpeoplein（2）marketsareexpressingalmostthesamelevelofsatisfactionaspeopleinrichcountries.Itisthebiggest （31)tothestandardviewofhappinessandincomeseen（4）ThePewpollasksrespondentsto（5）,onascalefromzerototen,howgoodtheirlivesareThosewhosaybetweensevenandtenarecountedas（6）.In2007,57%ofrespondentsinrichcountriesputthemselvesinthetopfourtiers;inemergingmarketsthe （7）was33%:inpoorcountriesonly16%-aclassic（8）ofthestandardviewButin2014,54%ofrich-countryrespondentscountedthemselvesashappy,whereasinemer-gingmarketsthepercentage（9）to51%.Thiswashappeningjustatatimewhenemergingmarketschancesofconvergingeconomically（10）theWestseemedtobe（11）Richcountriesdidnotexperience（12）declinesinhappiness.ThedecreasesinAmericaandBritainweretiny（asinglepercentagepoint）,13theshareofhappyGermansrose（13）points.Alargedropinformerlyjoyfulspainensuredamodestoveralldeclinefortherich.（14）theconver-gencehappened（15）hugeimprovementsincountriessuchasIndonesiaandPakistan.In12ofthe24emergingmarkets,halformorepeople（16）theirlifesatisfactioninthetoptiersoftheladder.Thisisnotto（17）thelinkbetweenincomeandsatisfactionhasbeensnappedPoorcoun-triesstill（18）onlyaquarterofthepeoplethereareinthehappytiers=halftheleveloftheothertwogroups.Thereis （19）aclearlinkbetweenhappinessandincomegrowth.China'sGDProseatanannualaveragerateof10%in2007-2014anditshappinesslevelrose26points.（20）countries,richerpeopleexpressmoresatisfactionthantheirpoorerneighbours.wingonilia （14）選？A：ButB：SoC：IndeedD：Thus【答案】：A【解析】：邏輯關(guān)系題。本題選項中,B.So和D.Thus意思相同,都強調(diào)因果邏輯,故可以同時排除。剩余A.But表示轉(zhuǎn)折,C.Indeed表示遞進。上句的modestdecl“適度下降”與該句hugeimprovements“巨大進步”是明顯的反義信息,上下文出現(xiàn)反義信息,邏輯必為轉(zhuǎn)折,故本題選擇AManyexpertsbelievethatinthenewworldofartificialintelligence（AI）humanbeingswillstillbeneededtodothejobsthatrequirehigher-ordercritical,creative,andinnovativethinkingandthejobsthatrequirehighemotionalengagementtomeettheneedsofotherhumanbeings.The1formanyofusisthatwedonotexcelatthoseskillsbecauseofournaturalcognitiveandemotionaltendencies:Weareconfirmation-seekingthinkersandego-affirmation-seekingdefensivereasoners.Wewillneedtoovercomethosetendencies2takeourthinking,listening,relating,andcollaboratingskillstoamuchhigherlevel.Thisprocessof3beginswithchangingourdefinitionofwhatitmeansto"besmart."4,manyofushaveachievedsuccess5being"smarter"thanotherpeopleas6bygradesandtestscores,beginninginourearlydaysinschool.AIwillchangethatbecausethereisno7anyhumanbeingcanoutsmart,8,IBM'sWatson,atleastwithoutaugmentation,Smartmachinescanprocess,9,andrecallinformationfasterandbetterthanwehumans.10.AIcanpattern-matchfasterandproduceawiderarrayofalternativesthanwecan.AIcanevenlearnfaster.Inanageofsmartmachines,ourolddefinitionofwhatmakesapersonsmartdoesn't11.Whatisneededisanewdefinitionofbeingsmart,onethat12higherlevelsofhumanthinkingandemotionalengagement.Thenewsmartwillbedeterminednotbywhatorhowyouknow13bythequalityofyourthinking,listening,relating,collaborating,andlearning.Quantityis14byquality.Wewillspendmoretimetrainingtobeopen-mindedandlearningtoupdateourbeliefsin15tonewdata.Wewillpractice16afterourmistakes,andwewillinvestmoreintheskillstraditionally17withemotionalintelligence.Thenewsmartwillbeabouttryingtoovercomethetwobig180fcriticalthinkingandteamcollaboration:ouregoandourfears.Doingsowillmakeiteasiertoperceiverealityasitis,ratherthanaswe19ittobe.Inshort,wewillembracehumility.Thatis20wehumanswilladdvalueinaworldofsmarttechnology.16選？A：neglectingB：adjustingC：persistingD：distracting【答案】：B【解析】：本題考查句內(nèi)語義十動詞辨析。空格句指出，我們會練習在犯錯后。上下文語義重心在于：與時俱進，更新觀念，因此犯錯之后應該調(diào)整自身以避免重復犯錯，B.adjusting符合文意。Foryears,ifnotdecades.banks,postofficeandpubshavebeendisappearingontheBritishhighstreet.Still,thescaleandpaceofthecurrentcropofcasualtiesseemsexceptional,aswellastheshortageofreplacementactivities.Whereoncetheex-bankscouldbereadilyconvertedintopubs,andavarietyofofteninnovativebarsandrestaurantspromisedtobreathelifeintostreetsabandonedbytraditionalshops.noweventhosehopefultrendshavebeenreversed.Thevariouscompanieshavewidelyvariedreasonsfortheirproblems,yettogethertheysymbolisethecrisisonthehighstreet.Andtheword"crisis"isjustified.Therearecommon,anclfamiliar,problems.Thesqueezeonhouseholdincomes,withnear-stagnantwagelevelsandboutsofrelativelyhighinflation,haslastedsincethefinancialcrisisbeganadecadeago.EvenwiththeBritishshopper'singeniouswayofdefyingfinanciallogic,andclespitetheBankofEnglancl'sattemptstoputcheapmoneyintoborrowers'pockets.soonerorlatertherewasboundtobeacorrection.Whilethemoneyflowingintothehighstreethashardlyrisen.thesupplyofeverythingfromcupcakestandstosandwichoutlelshasbeenexpanding.pushingrentsandwageshigher.HugeretaildevelopmentsaresLilllookedonbydesperatedevelopmentagenciesandlocalcouncilsasthequickfixforanyclevastatedpost-industriallandscape.Onceagain,soonerorlaterthisvastovercapacitywasgoingtorunintotherealityofweakdemand.Nomatterhowsmartthestoreornichetheoutlet,whcnoverheadsaren'tbeingcoveredbyhealthysales,thefutureisbleak.Overarchingallofthat,however,isthedigitalrevolution,withgiantssuchasAmazoninvadingnewretailsectors.LesswelladvertisedisthesimpletrendamongtheBritishtowardsentertainingandmakingthemostoftheirleisuretimeintheirveryexpensivehomes.Whygotoapublichouseorarestaurantwhenyourprivatehouseisjustasentertainingandwherevirtuallyanypastimeorproductcanbetransmittedviasatellite,weborcabletechnology,andacheaptakeawaydeliveryandabottleofwinearejustacoupleofclicksaway?Britainfamouslywasoncedisparagedas"nationofshopkeepers",small-mindedmerchantswithnarrowculturalandpoliticalhorizons.ThentheBritishbecamenotoriousasa"nationofshoppers",small-mindedconsumerswithnarrowculturalandpoliticalhorizons,aswellasanalmostrecklesstastefordebtanddisregardforsavingforthefuture.NowtheBritisharebecominganationofhome-lovers,withpizzasarrivingbymopedandwithawirelesshubforcosynightsin.Forthesakeofthehighstreet,weneedtogetoutmore:eitherthat,orlocalcouncilsneedtothinkhardaboutallowingmoreshopstobeconvertedintoflats.ThentheBritishcouldbecomeanationofex-shopdwellers,eveniftheirculturalandpoliticalhorizonsremainasnarrowasever.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A：Post-industrialBriiain,RequiringaQuickFixB：TheBritishHighStreet,HangingontheCliffC：TheGreatBritain,aNationofHome-IoversD：TheLocalCouncils,aTerminatorofHighStreet【答案】：B【解析】：首段指出英國高街面臨危機，第二至四段分析導致危機的原因，末段提出化解危機的建議，由此可知全文圍繞英國高街的危機展開，B.中TheBritishhighstreet 為貫穿全文的討論主體，hangingonthecliff 是對文中“symbolizethecrisisonthehighstreettherewasboundtobeacorrection、thefutureisbleak ”等內(nèi)容的合理概括。［解題技巧］首先，A.、C.、D.的主體(Post-industrialBritain 、TheGreatBritain、Thelocalcouncils)均非文中的主要討論對象(theBritishhighstreet )。其次，A.中requiringaquickfix 與第三段②句體現(xiàn)的作者對于“零售業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展仍被發(fā)展機構(gòu)視為權(quán)宜之計”的批判態(tài)度不符；C.雖在末段③句提及，但無力概括全文. D.根據(jù)末段④句作者建議“地方議會應認真考慮讓高街商店變?yōu)楣ⅰ币軘喑龅胤阶h會將會終結(jié)高街，但此處僅是作者建議，并非地方議會的做法。Althoughanaturalalternative,suchashoney,canbeusedtosweetenfoodifthisisnecessary,wecaninfactdowithoutit.Nowadaysfibreisconsideredtobeanimportantpartofahealthydiet.Inwhitebread,forexample,thefibrehasbeenremoved.Butitis ()inunrefinedflourandofcourseinvegetables.A：currentB：substantialC：presentD：essential【答案】：C【解析】：present“存在的，含有的”，如：Analysisshowedthatcocainewaspresentinthemixture。分析的結(jié)果表明混合物中含有可卡因。后兩句意為“白面包中的纖維已經(jīng)被去掉，但是纖維存在于未被精加工的面粉和蔬菜中”。A.current“現(xiàn)在的，當前的”；B.substantial “實質(zhì)的，結(jié)實的”；D.essential“必要的”。11.IwillhelpyouwhenI （）mywork.A：finishB：willfinishC：willhavefinishedD：havefinished【答案】：D【解析】：該題考查時態(tài)用法。根據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則排除B、C選項，另外現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)用于時間或條件狀語從句表示將來完成動作，故選D。又如：IwillreturnthebookifIhavefinishedit.Whentelevisionfirstbegantoexpand,veryfewofthepeoplewhohadbecomcommentatorswereabletobeequallyeffectiveontelevision.Someoftheexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto（）technical.A：turnB：adaptC：alterD：modify【答案】：B【解析】：adaptto“適應”。C.alter（改變）和D.modify（修改）不可與to搭配，可排除。A.turnto（求助于）不符合“收音機評論員試著適應電視這一新的媒體”這句話的意思。Text1TheinfluenzaseasonisjustgettingstartedintheUnitedStates,anditalreadypromisestobemoreseverethanusual.Hospitalemergencyroomsarefillingupwithflusufferers,andpharmacieshavereportedmedicineshortages.Twelvechildrenhaddiedasoflastmonth.Tomakemattersworse,inAustralia,whichexperienceditsfluseasonfourtosixmonthsago,thecurrentvaccineappearedtobeonlyabout10percenteffectiveagainsttlusyear'sdominantstrain.Yetasbadasthiswinter'sepidemicis,itwon'tcomparewiththeflupandemicthatisalmostcertainlyonthehorizonifwedon'tdedicateenergyandresourcestoauniversalvaccine.The1918Spanishfluepidemickilled50milliont0100millionaroundtheglobe.Giventhecenturyofmedicalprogresssincethen,onemightconcludethatwearefarbetterpreparedtodaytodealwithsuchaworldwidecatastrophe.Unfortunately,theoppositeistrue.Theworldhasaboutfourtimesthenumberofinhabitantsitdidin1918,includinghundredsofmillionsofpeople,poultryandpigslivingclosetogether.Thisprovidesapotentbiologicmixingbowlandnaturalinfluenzavirusmutationfactory.Whenapandemicdoesstrike,we'llbeintroubleinpartbecauseAmericanhospitalsandpharruacieskeepinstocknomorethanafewdayssupplyofmostlifesavingdrugs,almostallofwhicharemadeinAsia.Worldwidemanufacturingandshippingarehighlysusceptibletodisruption,whichcouldmeanshortagesinmanyareas.A1918-typeinfluenzapandemiccouldcauseruinontheorderofwhattheBlackDeathdidt014th-centuryEurope,butonaglobalscale.Ourcurrentvaccinesarebasedon1940sresearch.Limitedglobalmanufacturingcapacitycombinedwiththefivetosixmonthsittakestomakethesevaccinesmeanmanypeoplewouldneverevenhaveachancetobevaccinated.Littleisbeingdonetoaggressivelychangethisunacceptablesituation.Wewillhaveworldwideflupandemics.Onlytheirseverityisunknown.TheonlyrealsolutionisauniversalvaccinethateffectivelyattacksallinfluenzaAstrains,withreliableprotectionlastingforyears,likeothermodemvaccines.AlthoughtheNationalInstitutesofHealthhaspubliclydeclareddevelopingavaccineapriority,ithasonlyabout$32millionthisyearspecificallyforsuchresearch.TheBiomedicalAdvancedResearchandDevelopmentAuthority,theotherfederalagencyresponsiblefordevelopingandmakingavailablenewvaccinesforemergencyresponse,hasinfiscalyear20210nlyasingleprojectfor$43millionsupportinggame-changinginfiuenzavaccines.Bycontrast,thesearchforanH.I,V.vaccine-stillascientificlongshot-receivesSlbillionannually.Weestimatethatintemationalgovemments,vaccinemanufacturersandthephilanthropiccommunitymustmakeasimilarcommitmenttoinfluenzavaccineresearchifthekindofvaccineweneedistodevelopedinthenext10years.Butthereisnoapparentefforttomakethesevaccinesapriorityinthecurrentadministration23.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasfactorsdelayingtreatment?A：Storage.B：Efficacy.C：Transportation.D：Manufacture【答案】：B【解析】：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到第三段，文章第三段提到了庫存、運輸和生產(chǎn)給治療帶來的影響，但未提及疫苗的功效或效力，故B項為正確選項?！靖蓴_排除】由以上分析可知，A項、C項和D項文中均有提及，故排除。Text3Ifyou'retiredofswipingleftandrighttoapproveorrejectthefacesofotherpeople,trysomethingelse:ratingscientificpapers.AwebapplicationinspiredbythedatingappTinderletsyoumakesnapjudgmentsaboutpreprints-paperspublishedonlinebeforepeerreview-simplybyswipingleft,right,up,ordown.Paprbrandsitselfas"Tinderforpreprints"andisalmostassuperficialasthematchmaker.Fornow,youonlygettoseeabstracts,notthefullpapers,andyouhavetoratetheminoneoffourcategories:"excitingandprobable,""excitingandquestionable,""boringandprobable,"or"boringandquestionable."Paprco-creatorJeffLeek,abiostatisticianattheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth,releasedanearlierversionofPaprlatelastyearbutonlystartedpublicizingtheapponsocialmediaearlierthismonthafterhiscolleaguesaddedafewmorefeatures,includingarecommendationenginethatsuggestsstudiesbasedonyourpreferences,anoptiontodownloadyourratingsalongwithlinkstothefullpreprintsonbioRxiv,andsuggestionsforTwitteruserswithsimilartastesasyours.Whatwewantistohelpresearchersnavigatetheoverwhelmingnumberofnewpapersanduncoverinterdisciplinaryoverlap,Leeksays.Scientistsalreadyusesocialmediatodiscovernewpapers,hesays;Papraimstosimplifythatprocessandcapturepeople'sevaluationsalongtheway.Fourratingcategoriesisenough,Leeksays;otherservices,includingPubPeer,offerspaceforlongercommentsanddiscussions.Topreventreadersfromgivingtheirrivals'papersbadratingsorrateapaperasinterestingjustbecauseitwaswrittenbyafamousscientist,Paprdoesn'tshowauthornamesanddoesn'tletyousearchforaspecificpreprintorauthor."Forme,theimportanceofPaprisillustratingthatpreprintserviceslikebioRxivenablenovelmethodsofevaluationtoemerge,"saysBrianNosek,executivedirectoroftheCenterforOpenScienceinCharlottesville,Virginia."Wedon'tbelievethatthedatawearecollectingisanykindofrealisticpeerreview,butitdoestellussomethingaboutthetypesofpaperspeoplefindinterestingandwhatleadsthemtobesuspicious,"Leeksays."Ultimatelywehopetocorrelatethisdatawithinformationaboutwherethepapersarepublishedandothermorein-depthmeasurementsofpaperquality."Butdon'ttakePaprtooseriously,becauseitsdevelopersdon't."Thisappisprovidedsolelyforentertainmentofthescient訊ccommunityandmaybetakendownatanytimewithnonoticebecauseJeffgetstiredofit,"thePaprwebsitesays.31.PaprisawebapplicationusedtoA：functionasappTinder.B：dopeerreviewworks.C：assessunpublishedpapers.D：readfreescientificpapers.【答案】：C【解析】：事實細節(jié)題。文中第一段第二句提到“一款受到Tinder軟件（一個約會應用軟件）啟發(fā)而來的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應用軟件讓人們對尚未經(jīng)過同行審閱的未出版論文進行快速評判，這僅通過上下左右滑動屏幕即可完成”，可以判斷Papr網(wǎng)絡(luò)應用軟件的作用是對未出版的論文進行評估。故選C項。【干擾排除】A項，“發(fā)揮像Tinder軟件一樣的功能”，文中并未說要發(fā)揮Tinder的功能，只是說Papr受Tinder的啟發(fā)而來，故排除；B項，“做同行審閱工作”并未在文巾提及，敞排除；D項有一定的干擾性，容易誤選，但在文中并不能找到根據(jù)，可以排除。Text2Obesityusedtoberegardedasadiseaseofafiluentsocieties.Inasense,ofcourse,thisistrue:youcannotbeobeseifyoucannotaffordenoughcalories.Butwenowunderstandthatthestoryismorecomplex,andthatchildrenfromlow-incomegroupsaremorelikelytobeobesethanthosefromthehighest-incomegroups.Ourunderstandingofsleepdeprivationhasyettoseeasimilarevolution.AlmosthalftheBritishpopulationsaytheygetsixhours'sleepanightorless,comparedwitharoundatwelfthin1942.Expertsblamedevelopmentssuchaselectriiicationandtheproliferationofentertainment,oneneuroscientistwentsofarastowarnofa"catastrophicsleep-lossepidemic"recently.Weneedsleepformentalandphysicalrecovery;forcognitivecontrol,memoryandleaming.SleeplossisassociatedwitheverythingfromobesityandAlzheimer'sdiseasetodiabetesandpoormentalhealth.Sleepevangelists（布i道者）suchasAriannaHuffingtonportrayaworldofbusyprofessionalssendingemailsintotheearlyhours,teenagerswatchingtelevisionsintheirbedroomsandparentsshoppingonlinewhentheyshouldbewindingdown.Thesolutionsareobvious,evenifwestruggletofindthedisciplinetoimplementthem:turnoffyourphoneandforgoodnesssakegotobed..Thetruthisthatpoorerpeoplesleepworse.Youcannotbuysleepitself,butyoumustpayforthecircumstanceslikelytoinduceit.Overcrowded,noisy,coldorunsafehousingmakessleepharder.Sodoesshiftwork-especiallyifitiscasualisedandunpredictable.Poornutritionandstressalsotaketheirtoll.Weworriedaboutreachingforoursmartphoneatnight,whilethosemakingthedevicessleeponhardbedsinshareddormitorieswithc