【課件】Unit+5+Learning+about+language+課件人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

選擇性必修一Unit5Mylifelongpursuitistokeepallthepeopleawayfromhunger.—YuanLongping

我畢生的追求是讓所有人遠(yuǎn)離饑餓?！∑紹uildupyourvocabulary1Todealwiththiscrisis,hechosetostudyagriculture.2Heisaverygoodactorandhecommitshimselftoeveryrolethathetakeson.3YuanLongpingstronglybelievedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthe

creation

ofhybridrice.4YuanLongping,throughintenseeffort,solvedenormousdifficultiesanddevelopedthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarming.5Thishybridenabledfarmerstoincreasetheiroutputgreatly.6Studentsareencouragedtotryavarietyoffree-timeactivitiestoreducetheintensestressfromstudying.______________________________________________________________________________P.52leisuredevoteswasconvincedovercameexpandtackleP.521Thec___________ofapersonarethespecialqualitiesthatmakehimorherdifferent

fromothers.2Scientistsfromdifferentcountrieshavebeenpursuingvariouspossibilitiestoovercomefoods______.3Manyofusa______thatearthquakeswouldneverhappeninourarea.4Withmoreandmorefarmmachinesbeingusedinthefields,thec__________offuelhasbeenincreasing.5Newspapersshouldpaylessattentiontomediac________andmoreattentiontoournationalheroes.6Ourgeneralmanagertriedhisbesttohelpovercomethedifficultieswewerefacingduring

thefinancialc_____.7Mymotherisveryc_________andfindsithardtoacceptthemodernlifestylethatIenjoy.8Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoboosttheprogrammetog_______morenewjobs.characteristicsshortageassumeconsumptioncelebritiescrisisconventionalgenerateP.52tacklevisionconventionaldeepdownbecomprisedofrealityconsumptionAvastundergroundshelterbuiltduringWorldWarⅡhasbeenturnedintoanurbanfarm,supplyingsupermarketsandrestaurantsinLondon.Theshelter,whichcouldprotectupto8,000peoplefromwartimebombs,_____________twolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybecomeanextensionoftheLondonUnderground.Butthatneverbecame

____and

theshelterwasleftfor70years.Thenbusinessmendecidedtomakeuseofittogrowgreenvegetablestomeetincreasing___________demands.

ThetunnelsarelitwithpinkLEDsasthereisnonaturallight__________belowtheground.Thevegetablesaregrowninspecialliquidsinsteadoftheearththatisusedasin____________farming.Manyexpertssharea______thatthiskindofurbanfarmingcouldhelpnotonlyin_______theproblemofpopulationgrowth,butalsoinadaptingtoclimatechange.iscomprisedofrealconsumptiondeepdownconventionalvisiontacklingP.53Discoverusefulstructures?WhatYuanLongpingreallycaredaboutwasnotmoneyorcelebrity.?ThatYuanLongpinghadrealisedhisdreamofseawaterricesurprisedthewholeworld.?ItsurprisedthewholeworldthatYuanLongpinghadrealisedhisdreamofdevelopingseawaterrice.WhatimpressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.(subject)(subject)(subject)However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.P.53Discoverusefulstructures1________remainsanunansweredquestion.2________isanimportanttopicforustoresearch.3_________isthatthesechemicalsmayevencause

cancer.4________thesevegetablescanevenbeplanted

withoutanysoilthroughthisnewtechnology.5_________isthereasonwhysomepeopleprefer

toliveinthecountryratherthaninthecity.AWhatworriesmanypeopleBThatthelifestyleisslowerand

healthierCHowwecanfindasuitablesolution

toproducesufficientfoodwhile

keepingtheenvironmentsafeDWhenthesewheatfarmerswilljoin

thispilotexperimentEItamazedallofusthatDCAEB1這些小麥農(nóng)戶什么時(shí)候會(huì)加人試點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)仍然不得面知。2如何能夠找到一個(gè)在保證環(huán)境安全的同時(shí)生產(chǎn)足夠的糧食的合適的辦法，是一個(gè)需要我們研究的重要課題。3令很多人擔(dān)心的是，這些化學(xué)制品甚至可能致癌。4令我們所有人驚訝的是，通過這種新技術(shù)，甚至可以無土栽培這些蔬菜。5有些人寧愿住在鄉(xiāng)下而不愿生活在城市的原因是鄉(xiāng)下的生活節(jié)奏更慢、生活方式更健康。P.53Grandmahasbeencomplainingaboutthevegetablessoldinthesupermarket,whichhavebeengrownusingchemicalfertilisers.Toher,thattheylookbeautifulontheoutsideisobvious.However,whatsheisunhappyaboutisthelowernutritionalvalueandreducedflavour.Nowthatbothofmygrandparentshaveretiredfromtheirjobsinthecity,howtheyaregoingtospendtheirretirementisanimportantdecisionforthem.Whethertheycanliveahealthylifeisthefirstthingtheyareconsidering.Sotheyhavemadeuptheirmindstomovetothecountryside,wheretheycanliveagreenlife.Grandmahasbeencomplainingaboutthevegetablessoldinthesupermarket,whichhavebeengrownusingchemicalfertilisers.Toher,thattheylookbeautifulontheoutsideisobvious.However,whatsheisunhappyaboutisthelowernutritionalvalueandreducedflavour.Nowthatbothofmygrandparentshaveretiredfromtheirjobsinthecity,howtheyaregoingtospendtheirretirementisanimportantdecisionforthem.Whethertheycanliveahealthylifeisthefirstthingtheyareconsidering.Sotheyhavemadeuptheirmindstomovetothecountryside,wheretheycanliveagreenlife.P.53?his/herdeterminationtotacklethecrisisof…?his/herintenseefforttoovercome…?his/herdreamtodevelop…?his/herloveandcarefor…?he/shesucceededin…?he/shenevergaveup…?he/sheisdevotedto…WhatimpressesmemostisthatYuanLongpinghassucceededinhelpingtofeedsomanypeople.Itisimportantthathenevergaveup,despitemanydifficulties.Thathesucceededinrealisinghisdreamiswhatmakeshimgreat.名詞從句分類英語中在句中起名詞作用充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和同位語的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱名詞從句。由于整個(gè)名詞從句在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語和同位語，因此很多教材將名詞從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。但是，學(xué)習(xí)和使用名詞從句的關(guān)鍵是判斷用什么引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)名詞從句，因而引導(dǎo)詞的判斷才是關(guān)鍵。本課件根據(jù)各種引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的意思及引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn)對(duì)名詞從句進(jìn)行分類，這樣更有利于廣大中學(xué)生理解并掌握名詞從句的重難點(diǎn)。一、表示事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)：只要從句表示事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成分就用that

A.

從句作主語①Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.(2016江蘇)②Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(2012江西)③Itisobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.(2009天津)④Thatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.

(2002上海春)(感嘆是對(duì)事實(shí)的感嘆，故表感嘆的從句屬于事實(shí)。但表事實(shí)的that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，

而what在從句中充當(dāng)定語限定名詞；how在從句中作程度狀語修飾形容詞)it替代主語從句的句式：A.It+系動(dòng)詞+名詞+that從句:Itisnotthetruththathewasmurdered.B.It+vi.+(tosb.)+that從句:Itseemedthattheprojectwasagreatsuccess.C.It+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞(tosb.)+that從句:Itisnecessarythateveryonemakesadifference.D.

It

+

vt.

+賓語+that從句:Itsurprisedusallthathefailedtowinthematch.E.

It+be+過去分詞+that從句:Itisbelievedthattherewillbemoreconflictsintheworld.B.從句作賓語(how,what引導(dǎo)的是表示感嘆的從句)①Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.

(2015北京)

我的確相信美麗源自于內(nèi)心(這一觀點(diǎn))!②It’sgoodtoknowthatthedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.(2013山東)

得知我們外出時(shí)這些狗將會(huì)得到精心的護(hù)理是一件好事。③Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2013北京)

專家相信人們只在必要的時(shí)候才購物就可以浪費(fèi)更少的食物。④Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfeltthat

hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.

(2012北京)⑤Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,andthatallthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.(2007湖南)⑥Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.(2011北京卷)(感嘆)⑦Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellhowcloseyoumaybetovictory.

千萬不要讓失敗使你灰心，因?yàn)槟憧赡苡肋h(yuǎn)不知道自己離成功有多近。(2013湖南)⑧Parentsaretaughttounderstandhowimportanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(2004廣東)

C.從句作表語①Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.(2016北京)雨季最令人愉悅的情況就是人可以完全不再受到沙塵的困擾(這一事實(shí))。②PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,wasthatitwasrather

closelymodeledonhisownlife.(2010北京)查爾斯·狄更斯喜愛他自己的小說《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》的部分原因是這本書幾乎是以

他自己的真實(shí)生活為原型創(chuàng)作的。③Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisthatshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.(2010上海)她更喜歡城市生活的原因之一是在城市里她容易找到像商店和餐館這樣的地方。④Whatmadetheschoolproudwasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春)

使該校驕傲的是該校90%以上的學(xué)生被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取了。D.從句作同位語(用于表示某種事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)的名詞后)①Whiletheyarerarenorthof88,thereisevidence

thattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019全國I卷)②Themanagerputforwardasuggestion

thatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.(2016天津)③Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief

thatyouarebetterthananyone

elseonthesportsfield.(2013浙江)達(dá)到最高水平的唯一的成功之路就是有在運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上你比任何人都更棒的堅(jiān)定的信念。④Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingwouldbepostponed.(2012江蘇)⑤Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.(2012浙江)

⑥Whenthenewscamethatthewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.(2011遼寧卷)⑦Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request

thattheschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.(2009重慶)⑧Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststhattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.

(2009江西)⑨AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomethatImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.(2006安徽)⑩

Danbyleftwordwithmysecretarythathewouldcallagainintheafternoon.(2005浙江)二、表示疑問A.一般疑問：只要從句表示一般疑問(引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)就用whether或

if

(if多用于賓語從句，不用于位于句首的主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)

a.從句作主語①Itisnotaproblemwhetherwecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.(2020·江蘇卷)我們是否能贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗不是問題；問題只是時(shí)間。②Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.

新成立的委員會(huì)的政策是否能實(shí)施還得拭目以待。(2013陜西)③Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.

(2012天津)④Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.(2012安徽)⑤Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotel

ornot.(2011重慶卷)b.從句作賓語①Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakif/

whethershecoulddosoremotely.(2022年浙江1月)對(duì)于她的出席，Cobb開始詢問邀請(qǐng)她演講的組織者她是否可以遠(yuǎn)程進(jìn)行演講。

②We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknowwhethershe’llacceptit.(2011山東卷)③Atfirst,hehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstoseeifitgotanybetter.(2009北京)起初他討厭這個(gè)新工作,但決定給自己幾個(gè)月時(shí)間看看是否能感覺好點(diǎn)。c.從句作表語①Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.

(2001上海春)②Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.問題還是他們能否幫我們。d.從句作同位語(用于表示“問題”的question等名詞后)①Thestudentaskedmethequestion

whetherthebookwasworthreading.

學(xué)生問了我那本書是否值得一讀這一問題。②Yourquestion

whetheryou’llachieveyourdreamishardtoanswer.B.特殊疑問：引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分——代詞作主語、賓語、表語、定語；副詞作狀語

(注意：wh-開頭的引導(dǎo)詞引出的從句與ask,not

sure,wonder等表示不確定意義的詞語搭配時(shí)可

看作表示“疑問”，而與thisis,that’s等表示確定意義的詞語搭配時(shí)可看作表示具體對(duì)象)

引導(dǎo)詞用法疑問代詞who引導(dǎo)詞指人，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語whom引導(dǎo)詞指人，在從句中作賓語whose引導(dǎo)詞指人，在從句中作定語，表示其后的名詞的物主what引導(dǎo)詞指物或事，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語which引導(dǎo)詞指物或人，在從句中作主語、賓語或定語，表示限定范圍的選擇疑問副詞when引導(dǎo)詞指時(shí)間，在從句中作狀語where引導(dǎo)詞指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作狀語why引導(dǎo)詞指原因，在從句中作狀語how1引導(dǎo)詞指方式、方法，在從句中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，說明動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的方式how2引導(dǎo)詞指程度，在從句中作狀語，修飾形容詞或副詞，表示它們的程度說明：表示疑問的名詞從句用正常語序，即謂語動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞在主語后a.從句作主語①Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.(2014陜西卷)延誤的航班何時(shí)起飛很大程度上取決于天氣。②ExactlywhenthepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.

(2014全國大綱卷)③Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.(2012全國)

總統(tǒng)能采取什么措施來結(jié)束罷工這點(diǎn)完全不清楚。④Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobviouswhattheproblemitselfis.(2011湖南卷)⑤Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.(2010浙江)⑥It’sprettywellunderstoodwhatcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmosphere

today.(2000上海)D.

It

+

vt.

+賓語+名詞從句E.

It+vi.+(tosb.)+名詞從句it替代主語從句的句式：A.It+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+名詞從句B.It+系動(dòng)詞+名詞+名詞從句C.It+be+過去分詞+名詞從句b.從句作賓語①I'mnotsurewhoismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.(2018全國III卷)

②Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.(2017北京)

③IwonderhowMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.(2015福建)④Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictoseewhatuseanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.

(2011重慶卷)⑤Wehaven’tdiscussedyetwherewearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.(2010全國Ⅰ)⑥Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonwhohegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.(2010四川)⑦Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknowwhich

laneheisentering.(2010上海)⑧Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingouthowfar

theycangowithanewteacher.(2008安徽)⑨Wecan’tfigureoutwhyquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.(2004北京)c.從句作表語(用于表示疑問等不確定意義的名詞question,problem或名詞從句后)①Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.

(2000上海)②Theproblemiswhowilltakechargeofthisshop.問題是誰將接管這家店鋪。d.從句作同位語(用于表示疑問等不確定意義的名詞question或haveany/noidea后)①—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea

whyhedidit;that'soneofhisfavouriteuniversities.(2014重慶卷)——昨天Mike拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取是真的嗎？

——是真的，但我不知道他為什么這么做。那可是他最喜愛的大學(xué)之一。②TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougot

anyidea

wherethepartyistobeheld?(2008陜西)③Doyouhaveanyidea

whatisactuallygoingonintheclassroom?(2005遼寧)三、表示具體對(duì)象：從句表示人和非人(物、事、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式)等具體的對(duì)象(注意：wh-開頭的引導(dǎo)詞引出的從句與ask,not

sure,wonder等表示不確定意義的詞語搭配時(shí)可

看作表示“疑問”，而與thisis,that’s等表示確定意義的詞語搭配時(shí)可看作表示具體對(duì)象)

引導(dǎo)詞用法連接代詞who整個(gè)從句指特定的人，who在從句中作主語、賓語或表語what整個(gè)從句指物或事，what在從句中作主語、賓語、表語連接副詞when整個(gè)從句指時(shí)間，when在從句中作狀語where整個(gè)從句指地點(diǎn)，where在從句中作狀語why整個(gè)從句指原因，why在從句中作狀語how整個(gè)從句指方式，how在從句中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，說明動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的方式說明：表示特指的人、物、事、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式的名詞從句用正常語序A.特指對(duì)象：引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分——代詞作主語、賓語、表語、定語；副詞作狀語a.從句作主語①Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.

(2021全國I卷)這段經(jīng)歷讓人嘆為觀止的東西是那些超凡脫俗的場(chǎng)景。②WhereLiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.(2015江蘇)

中國的一位偉大的詩人李白出生的地方是眾所周知的，但有些人不愿承認(rèn)。③Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.(2015北京)

④Ithinkwhatimpressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.(2014·天津卷)

我認(rèn)為他的繪畫給我留下深刻印象的東西是他使用的顏色。⑤Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.(2013重慶)

那部電影最打動(dòng)我的東西就是父親對(duì)兒子的深深的愛。⑥

WhatIwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.(2013天津)我想對(duì)你說的內(nèi)容是我對(duì)父母親的深深的愛和尊重。⑦Itwasneverclearwhythemanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.(2011江蘇卷)b.從句作賓語①M(fèi)entalhealthinvolveshowyouprocessthingssuchasstressandanxiety.(2022天津卷)心理健康包括你處理諸如壓力和焦慮之類的事物的方式。②Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationaboutwhereshelived.這個(gè)可憐的老婦人不能給他提供她住的地方的任何信息。(2021年北京卷)③ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometruewhatProfessorJosephhadsaid.那個(gè)學(xué)生完成了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來讓約瑟夫教授所說的東西變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。(2020天津卷)④Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethanwheretheygo.(2019北京卷)學(xué)生在大學(xué)里的作為(做的事)似乎比去上大學(xué)的地方更重要。⑤Readingherbiography,IwaslostinadmirationforwhatDorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.(2015陜西)

讀了多麗絲?萊辛的傳記，我對(duì)她在文學(xué)上取得的成就贊嘆不已。⑥Theexhibitiontellsuswhyweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.(2015·四川)展覽讓我們明白了我們要采取措施來阻止空氣污染的原因。⑦Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake

whatitis.(2007天津)⑧Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.(2004天津)⑨Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatwhatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.

(2004上海春)c.從句作表語①TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.ThisiswhytheyneedanEnglishtrainer.(2023新高考II卷)②WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsiswhyshealwayshassomanycrazyideas.(2021年天津卷)令Lily的朋友們感到不解的是她總是有這么多瘋狂的想法的原因。③ItseemedthatIhadbecomewhatmyparentshadwantedmetobe.(2021年天津卷)

似乎我當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)成為了我父母希望我成為的那樣的人。④Ashipinaharborissafe,butthat’snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.(2015安徽)

停放在海港里的船倒是很安全，但那可不是造船的目的。⑤Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That’swhereIwasborn.”(2014四川卷)奶奶指著那個(gè)醫(yī)院說：“那就是我出生的地方?！雹轙hebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.(2014北京卷)⑦Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.(2011山東卷)⑧—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.—That’swhereIdon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.

(2010江蘇)⑨Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,whenitwassopoorlyequipped.(2005安徽)B.泛指對(duì)象(只能用“wh-代詞+ever”，在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語或定語)

(指人用whoever，指物、事用whatever，表示限定范圍的選擇用whichever)

a.從句作主語①Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.

(2017北京)②Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucando

helps.(2016北京)③Somepeoplebelievewhateverhashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.(2014北京卷)

有些人相信過去發(fā)生或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的任何事將來仍然會(huì)重現(xiàn)。④Whicheveroneofyoubreaksthewindow

willhavetopayforit.(2013江西)

不管是你們當(dāng)中哪個(gè)人弄壞窗子都必須賠償。⑤WhicheverteamwinsonSaturday

willgothroughtothenationalchampionships.(2006山東)表示泛指對(duì)象的名詞從句的引導(dǎo)詞用法whoever從句泛指所涉及的任何人，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語whatever從句泛指所涉及的任何物或事，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語whichever從句泛指或明或暗限定范圍的物或人，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語whosever從句泛指所涉及的某物的物主——任何人，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語b.從句作賓語①Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.(2018年天津卷)②Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedforwhateverhecouldfindabout

MarkTwain.(2012遼寧)③Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoosewhicheversuitsyoubest.

(2012陜西)④Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.

(2012福建)⑤Thehow-tobookcanbeofhelptowhoeverwantstodothejob.(2009陜西)⑥CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?(2009全國I)⑦

Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodowhatever

ittakestosaveherlife.(2009湖南)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞類別引導(dǎo)詞用法①表事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，引導(dǎo)賓語從句可省略②表示一般疑問if在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，一般只引導(dǎo)賓語從句whether在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，引導(dǎo)各種名詞從句③表示特殊疑問who/what等疑問代詞

在從句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語(what,which)when,how等疑問副詞在從句中分別作各種狀語表示時(shí)間、程度等④表示特定對(duì)象who/what等連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語(what,which)when,where等連接副詞在從句中分別作各種狀語表示時(shí)間、程度等⑤表示泛指對(duì)象whoever在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等表示任何人whatever在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語表示任何物、事whichever在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語表示任何物、事說明：what和how可以表示感嘆；表示疑問時(shí)，what沒限定選擇范圍，which限定范圍；

表示泛指的對(duì)象時(shí)，whatever沒限定范圍，而whichever或明或暗地限定了選擇范圍

名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的類別名詞從句引導(dǎo)詞用法引導(dǎo)詞能否引導(dǎo)定語從句①表示事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)that能②表示一般疑問if/whether不能③表示特殊疑問who/what/when/etc.有的能，有的不能④表示人、物、時(shí)間等特定對(duì)象who/what等代詞有的能，有的不能⑤表示人、物、事等泛指對(duì)象whoever,whatever等代詞+ever不能引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)名詞從句的用法引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法that連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分在從句中充當(dāng)代詞能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謎f/whether連詞，表“是否”，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分不能引導(dǎo)定語從句who/what/etc.表示特殊疑問或特定的具體對(duì)象，充當(dāng)成分僅能用who,whom,whose,which

when/where/how/etc.表示特殊疑問或特定的具體對(duì)象，充當(dāng)成分

僅能用when,where,why

whoever等代詞+ever(不表疑問)表示泛指的具體對(duì)象，充當(dāng)成分

不能引導(dǎo)定語從句

as不能引導(dǎo)名詞從句代詞，thesame,such后或非限定從句練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.2.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewherewearenow.3.Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.4.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobe

tomakethecycleworkonmostdays.5.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.6.WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.7.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigatewhatisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.8.Youhavetoknowwhereyou'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.9.Itisdifficultforustoimaginewhatlifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.10.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.11.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingwhatyou'reafraidtodo.12.—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I'mnottoblame,Mum.Iamwhatyouhavemademe.

13.Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence

thatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.

14.Policehavefoundwhatappearstobethelostancientstatue.15.Whatmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.16.Scientistsstudyhowhumanbrainsworkt