2022年閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練

2022年高考閱讀專題訓(xùn)練細(xì)節(jié)理解（I）理解文章中所闡述的事實(shí)，以及用以說明文章中心的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，是閱讀理解的最基本要求。高考中的這類題屬于表層理解題，主要用來測(cè)試考生的基本閱讀能力。這類試題的答案可以從文章中直接找到。在完成此類題時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.準(zhǔn)確理解句意，即要學(xué)會(huì)掌握句子的主體──中心部分和中心詞；2.要學(xué)會(huì)用跳讀的方法迅速找到所需要的信息。在搜尋信息時(shí)，應(yīng)始終想著中心詞及中心句；3.要注意分清事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)的區(qū)別。事實(shí)往往是用來說明觀點(diǎn)、看法的，事實(shí)主要指的是對(duì)所發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的事情敘述，觀點(diǎn)則是作者的看法，評(píng)論、議論或判斷?？疾閷W(xué)生對(duì)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)理解的題目大致分為以下幾種類型：1.陳述事實(shí)2.是非判斷3.排列順序4.說明因果關(guān)系5.看圖判斷6.計(jì)算題等。(1)Mysonisnotsolucky.Sofar,hehasn'tbeenabletofindaproperjob.Heislivinginaflatwithafewofhismates,butwhenherunsoutofmoney,hehastocomehome.1.Whendoesthesonhavetocomehome?______A.Whenhehasnomoney.B.Whenhemisseshismother.C.Whenhehasnoplacetolivein.D.Whenheneedssomehelpinstudy.(2)Americanschoolsoffervariouskindsofclassesforthestudentstotakeaccordingtotheirabilities.Thereareclassesthatfiteveryone'sneed,fromthebrightesttothementallyhandicapped.Schoolsalsooffermoreelectivesubjectsforstudentstochoosefrom.Theycandecidewhattostudyaccordingtotheirinterests.2.HowcanstudentsinAmericadecidewhichelectivesubjectstostudy?______A.Accordingtotheirabilities.B.Accordingtotheirinterests.C.Accordingtotheirparents'wishes.D.Accordingtotheirbrightness.(3)TheAtlanticOceanliesbetweentheBritishIslesandAmerica,andtheIrishSeabetweenGreatBritainandIreland.TheNorthSeaisontheeastsideofGreatBritain.TothesouthistheEnglishChannel.EverydaylargeshipscrosstheAtlanticOceantoAmerica,andsmalleronescrosstheNorthSeaandtheChanneltoEurope.3.WhereistheEnglishChannel?______A.TothesouthofEurope.B.TothesouthofGreatBritain.C.BetweentheBritishIslesandAmerica.D.BetweenGreatBritainandIreland.(4)"Nowremember,"Mrs.Brownsaid,"shedoesn'tdrinkplainwater.Justmixequalpartsofmilkandboiledwater.Coolituntilit'sjustwarmenough.Don'tforgettoheatuphersnacks,too.Herstomachalwaysgetsupsetifthefoodcomesrightoutofthefridge.Andhere'sherfavoritepillow,blanket,andtoy.Shewon'tgoanywherewithoutherpuppydoll,andshewon'tgotosleepwithoutit."WasIbeinggiventhechargeofsomeone'sspoiledchild?No,Iwasbeinggivensomeadviceontakingcareofafriend'ssmalldogforacoupleofweeks.4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?______A.Thedogonlydrinkscoldwaterwithmilk.B.Thedoggoestosleepwithoutanything.C.Iwouldbeinchargeofaspoiledchild.D.Iwouldbeinchargeofadogforafewweeks.Tips:此類試題要求學(xué)生利用文章所提供的具體信息來回答問題，答題依據(jù)可以在閱讀材料中直接找到.注意以下幾個(gè)方面：每篇文章不論長(zhǎng)短都有其中心思想，用以支持和發(fā)展中心思想的具體信息就是命題時(shí)的重要依據(jù)。答題時(shí)，學(xué)生要圍繞中心思想，特別留意閱讀材料中的有關(guān)數(shù)字，時(shí)間，專有名詞，原因和特點(diǎn)等具體信息。題干中的標(biāo)識(shí)語是從閱讀材料中快速尋找答案依據(jù)的“路標(biāo)”。最常見的就是用引號(hào)所標(biāo)識(shí)的關(guān)鍵詞或標(biāo)明的標(biāo)識(shí)語所在的具體行數(shù)。例如：Theauthor’sattitudetoward“……”canbestdescribedas___inline……。另外，題干中的地名，人名，數(shù)字，日期，專有名詞也是尋找正確答案的路標(biāo)。做這種題型往往需要運(yùn)用檢索閱讀方法（scanning），即要注意題干中的標(biāo)識(shí)語，帶著問題有的放地在閱讀材料中尋找某一個(gè)特定信息（日期，數(shù)字，專有名詞等）的具體位置。學(xué)生不必逐行閱讀，也不必考慮文章的結(jié)構(gòu)布局。scanning的具體步為：1）要時(shí)刻記住所要尋找的特定信息；2)應(yīng)該快速沿紙頁或欄目自上而下掃視，時(shí)刻期待著有關(guān)信息的出現(xiàn)，3）必要時(shí)可適當(dāng)停留，辨別是否找到了特定信息。Exercises(1)Twosailorswhohadjustfinishedalongvoyagewenthometotheirvillageanddecidedtohaveafewdrinksinthebarthere.Whentheyhadhadenough,theycameoutintothestreettolookforsomethingamusingtodo,butitwasaveryquietplace,andnothinginterestingeverhappenedthere,sotheycouldnotfindanything.Butatlast,whiletheywerestandinginthemarketplaceoutsidethebar,theysawavillageboycomingslowlytowardsthem.Hewasleadingadonkeybyarope,sothesailorsdecidedthattheywouldhaveajokewithhim."Hello,"oneofthesailorssaidtotheboy."Whydoesyourbrotherhavetohavearoperoundhisneckwhenhegoesforawalkwithyou?""Tostophimjoiningthenavy(海軍),"theboyansweredatonce.1.Thetwosailorhadjustreturnedfrom______.A.theseaB.theirhometownC.abroadD.theirholidays2.Afterafewdrinks,theywalkedoutofthebarlookingfor_____.A.somethingtoeatB.themarket-placeC.somefunD.adonkey(2)Acamelcanstoreupfatinitshump.Itsstomachismadesothatitcandrinkagreatdealofwateratonetime.Becauseitcandothesetwothings,acamelcangofordayswithoutfoodorwater.Inaddition,camelsareverystrong.Somecantraveltwenty-fivemilesadayforthreedayscarryingaloadofmorethanfivehundredpounds.Inthistimetheyneednotstopforwater.Camelshavewidefeetwithsponge-likepads(海棉狀肉趾)thatkeepthemfromsinkingintothesand.Theycanclosetheirnosestokeepoutthesand.Theyalsohavetwocovers,orlids,foreacheye,andcancloseoneoftheselidsforprotection.Iftheydonotclosebothlidsatonce,theycanstillsee.3.Acamelstoresfatinits______.A.stomachB.noseC.padsD.hump4.Whenitiswindy,camelswillclose______.A.oneoftheirnosesforprotectionB.oneoftheirtwolidsforprotectionC.bothoftheirtwolidsforprotectionD.neitheroftheirtwolidsforprotection(3)BecauseMarkTwainwasbothfamousandpopularinhisdays,therearemany,manystoriesabouthim.OnedayMarkTwainwasfishing.Astrangercamealong."Goodmorning!"saidthestranger."Goodmorning!"saidMarkTwain."Thisisgoodweatherwearehaving.""Verygoodweather,"saidthestranger."Areyoucatchinganyfish?""Thefishisverygoodhere,Icaughtthreetrout(鱒魚)hereyesterdayinaboutanhour.""Isthatso?"saidthestranger."Yes,andI'mveryfondoftrout.""Bytheway",saidthestranger,"doyouhappentoknowwhoIam?""No,Ihaven'tanyidea,"saidMarkTwain."Well,I'mthegamewarden(獵物看守人)ofthiscountry,"saidthestranger."Andtroutareoutofseason."MarkTwainpausedaminute.Thenheasked:"Bytheway,doyouknowwhoIam?""No,Idon't.""Well,I'mthebiggestliarinthiscountry."5.WhomdidMarkTwainmeetwhenhewasfishing?______A.Aliar.B.Agamewarden.C.Afisherman.D.Astrangeman.(4)YouknowthatmuchoftheAmericanmoneyisintheformofcoins.Thesilverdollaristhelargestcoinaswellasthegreatestinweightandvalue.Thesmallestcoininvalueisthepenny.Ittakesonehundredpenniestoequalthevalueofadollar.Thesmallestcoininsizeisthedime.Yetthissmallcoinhastwicethevalueofanickel,whichislargerinsize.Ofcourse,youknowthatanickelisworthfivepennies.Itisinterestingtonotethatadimeisworthtenpennies,butissmallerinsizethanapenny.Dimesaresmallerinsizethannickelsorpennies,yetdimesaregreaterinvaluebecausetheyaremademainlyofsilveratgreaterexpense.Othercoinsincludehalfdollarsandquarters.Whydoyouthinkwecallatwenty-five-centpieceaquarter?Well,ittakesfourofthemtomakeadollar,soonesuchcoinisone-fourth,oraquarter,ofadollar.6.Thesmallestcoininvalueisthe_______.Thesmallestcoininsizeisthe___.A.silverdollar;pennyB.penny;dimeC.dime;pennyD.quarter;nickel7.Howmanypenniesdoesittaketoequalthevalueofaquarter?______A.Twenty-fiveB.TenC.FiveD.Fifty(5)Peoplefaintwhenthenormalbloodsupplytothebrainissuddenlycutdown.Thiscanhappeniftheyaresurprisedorshockedbysuddennewsorbysomethingtheysee.Somepeoplefaintiftheyseeothershurt.Somepeoplefaintincrowds.Othersfaintiftheyareinaroomthatishotandstuffy(悶熱的).Ifapersonfaintswhilestanding,layhimdown.Ifhisfaceispale,lifthisfeet.Ifheissittingdownwhenhefaints,placehisheadbetweenhisknees.Loosenanytightclothingthatmightkeephimfrombreathingeasily.Ifpossible,placeacold,wetclothonhisforehead.8.Raiseafaintingperson'sfeetifhisface______.A.feelshotB.lookspaleC.appearredD.looksfeverish(6)TheyoungChinesegirlmixedherbreaddough(面團(tuán))andleftitinthesuntorise.Thenoffshewentforawalkwithherboyfriend,anItaliansailor.Whentheyreturnedtheysawthatthedoughhadrisentoomuch.Ithungovertheedgeofthedishinstrings,hardenedbythesun.Fearinghislovedonewouldbepunished,thesailorgatheredupthesignsofherneglect(疏忽).Backathisshiphegavethepiecesofdoughtothecook,whoaddedthemtothesoup.Everyonethoughttheresultwasdelicious---eventhecaptain,MarcoPolo.AndwhenPoloandhismenleftChinain1292toreturntoItaly,theytookwiththemnewsofthewonderfulnewfood---macaroni(通心粉).Atleastthat'showthestorygoes!9.Thepiecesofdoughlookedlike______.A.shellsB.seedsC.sighsD.stringsfirstpeopletoeatthenewfoodwere______.A.thegirl'sfamilyB.thegirlandthesailorC.theChinesesailorsD.MarcoPoloandhismen(7)JackLondonisafamousAmericanwriter.HismostwidelyknownbookistheCallofWild,thestoryoftheadventuresofalargedoginthefrozennorth.JackLondonwasbornonJanuary12,1876,inSanFrancisco,California.Hisfamilywasverypoor,andJackhadtoleaveschooltomakemoney.Heworkedhardatmanydifferentjobs.Later,Jackreturnedtoschool,buthedidn'tstay.Hewrote,"Lifeandpocketbookwerebothtooshort."In1897,hewenttoAlaskatofindgold.Instead,hefoundideasthereforhisbooksandstories.Hereturnedhomeandstartedtowrite.Hiswritingsweresuccessful，andhebecamerichandfamousinhistwenties.JackLondonwasnotahappyman,however.Inpoorhealth,hetookhisownlifein1916.Hethenwasonly40yearsold.whichorderdidJackLondondothefollowingthings?______a.Becamerichandfamousinhistwentiesb.Workedhardatmanydifferentjobsc.Hadtoleaveschooltomakemoneyd.WenttoAlaskatofindgolde.Tookhisownlifef.ReturnedhomeandstartedtowriteA.a,c,e,b,d,fB.b,d,f,a,c,eC.c,e,f,d,b,aD.c,b,d,f,a,eLondonwenttoAlaskato_____.A.findideasforhisbooksB.findgoldC.writehisbooksandstoriesD.findjobs(8)EmmaHartWillard(1787-1870)wasanAmericanpioneereducator.Inhertimecollegesanduniversitieswereformen,andwomenwerenotpermittedtoattend.Emmareceivedadvancededucationathomefromherfatherandbecameaschoolteacherattwenty.Shecontinuedtoteachatschoolforseveralyearsafterhermarriage,thenbeganofferingcollegelessonsinherhometowomenstudents.LatershefoundedaschoolinNewYorkState,whichwasthefirstschoolofhighereducationinthe.forwomen.EmmaWillardalsotriedtopersuadeNewYorkStatetopassalawtoallowwomentoattendpubliccollegesanduniversities,thoughthatdidnotcomeaboutuntilafterherdeath.Someyearslaterpeoplerememberedherforherlife-longeffortsandelectedhertothe.HallofFame(榮譽(yù))in1905.whatwaydidEmma'sfatherhelphertodowhatshedid?______A.Heallowedhertorunaschoolathome.B.Heurgedhertobecomeaschoolteacher.C.Hetaughthercollegelessonshimself.D.hesenthertocollege.therightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.______a.NewYorkStategrantedwomentherighttoattendpubliccollegesanduniversities.b.Thefirstwomen'sschoolofhighereducationwassetup.c.EmmaWillarddied.d.EmmaWillardranclassesinherhome.e.EmmaWillardbeganteachingatschool.f.EmmaWillardwaselectedtotheHallofFame.A.e,d,c,b,f,aB.d,e,a,c,b,fC.d,e,a,b,f,cD.e,d,b,c,a,f（9）TheLouisianaPurchase（購買）provedtobethewisestbusinessagreementintheentirehistoryoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Firstitdoubledtheareaofthe.andprovidedterritory（領(lǐng)土）fromwhich14newstateswerecreatedeitherwhollyorinpart.Second,itgavetheAmericansfullcontroloverthemouthoftheMississippiRiverandopenedupthewaytoforeigntrade.Beforethepurchasewasmade,thewaterwayhadbeenblockedbytheSpanishfleet（艦隊(duì)）,probablywiththeapprovalofNapoleon.Third,thelandwasrichinwoodforbuilding,mineralsandnaturalresourcesofotherkinds.Andfinally,thecostofthisbusinesswasextraordinarilylow.Thetotalof$15,000,000amountedtoabout4centsanacre.1．BeforetheLouisianaPurchase,_____.A.TherelationsbetweenAmericaandSpainhadbeenpoorB.AmericahadnosystemofforeigntradeC.AmericawasingreatneedofnaturalresourcesD.Landingeneralwassellingfor4centsanacre2．AftertheLouisianaPurchase,______.A.AmericabecamefriendlywithSpainB.alltheAmericansbecameveryrichC.AmericahadaterritorytwicethesizeasitselfbeforeD.Americaspentsomuchmoneythatitbecameweakerandpoorer3．WhentheAmericanpeoplefullycontrolledthemouthoftheMississippiRiver,_____.A.aterriblewarbrokeoutbetweenthe.andSpainB.theirforeigntradedevelopedmorequicklyC.gotmorenaturalresourcesD.thewholenationgreatlybenefitedfromthepurchase4．ThelandtheAmericanpeopleboughtthroughdiplomacy（外交方式）providedtheAmericanpeoplewith______.A.morefreedomB.morechanceofworkC.morenaturalresourcesD.morebenefits猜測(cè)詞義Ⅰ.Usethecontextclues:Usesynonym（同義詞）ContextClues1.Thefootballplayerwaspenalizedforhisrudenessandthepunishmentwasagoodlessonforhim.A.calledB.praisedC.paidD.punished2.Herepliedquickly,butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.A.carefulB.hardC.goodD.quickUseAntonym（反義詞）ContextClues1.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.A.becamebetterB.gotworseC.stayedthesameD.didnotchange2.Then,whatisittodowithoursenseofhappiness?Inthefirstcase,wherewedon'ttelltheclerk,acoupleofthingswouldhappen.Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief.Intheprocess,wewouldlosesomepeaceofmindandself-respect.Wewouldalsodemonstratethatwecannotlietrusted,sinceweadvertiseourdishonorbytellingourfamilyandfriends.Wedamageourownreputationsbytellingothers.Incontrast,bringingtheerrortotheclerk'sattentioncausesdifferentthingstohappen.Immediatelytheclerkknowsustobehonorable.Uponleavingthestore,wefeelhonorableandourself-respectisincreased．Wheneverwetakehonorableactionwegainthedeepinternalrewardsofgoodnessandasenseofnobility.Thephrase"bringingtheerrortotheclerk'sattention"means___.A.tellingthetruthtotheclerkB.offeringadvicetotheclerkC.askingtheclerktobemoreattentiveD.remindingtheclerkofthechargeditemUsedefinition/example/descriptionclues(定義或解釋說明)1．MarkTwainwasnottheauthor’srealname;itwasapseudonym.

A.apennameB.atruenameC.hisfamilyname2.Beforelong,manydinnersstayedopenaroundtheclock.Inotherwords,peoplewereabletoeatinadinneratanytime.A.themealsthatpeoplehaveeverydayB.thefoodthatpeopleeatintheirmealsC.theplaceswherepeoplecanhavedinner/eatD.thepeoplewhoserveinarestaurantUsecommonsense/relatedinformationclues(常識(shí)、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn))1.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.strangeB.firmC.kindD.clever2.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.A.AkindofbooksB.ApieceofadviceC.AkindofmedicineD.Akindofanimals3.“But,”saidKim,“Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior(領(lǐng)導(dǎo),上司),itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”A.FullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.LackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquietUsegrammarandpunctuation（標(biāo)點(diǎn)）clues1.MostwomeninGhana---theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold---worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.A.well-educatedB.poorly-educatedC.taughtD.poor2.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapersⅡ.Usewordanalysis(word-formation):1.Ibegannoticingthattheotherfellowswereoverchargingpassengers.2.WhenIamservedbadfood,IassumeaveryseriousmannerandsaytothemanagergravelythatIwillnotpayfortheobjectionablemeal.Practice請(qǐng)同學(xué)們用上面介紹的方法，猜猜下面的高考模擬題中畫線的詞的意思。1．However,menquicklyfoundmoreconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingthetime.Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun.Theymarkedthehoursoncandles,usedsandinhour-glasses,andinventedwater-clocks.Indeed,anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.Theunderlinedphrasestatelyhomesmeans:A.state-ownedhousesB.housesinverygoodconditionC.grandhousesopentothepublicD.houseswherestatesmenmeetregularly2．Theplantisoftenprunedsothatitremainsonly60-90centimetershigh.Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots,oryoungleaves.Itisfromtheseshootsthatthebestteaisgot.Theunderlinedword“Pruning”means:RegularcuttingoftheplantsB.FrequentwateringC.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain3．Thesafetyissueisabigone,”saysJoeMahoney,whoquicklydiscoveredhewasnotaloneinhisworries.Oncampustoursotherparentsvoicedsimilarconcerns,andthesamequestionwasalwaysasked:whataboutcrime?Butwhencollegeofficialsalwaysgavethesameanswer“That’snotaproblemhere.”Mahoneybegantofeeluneasy.“Nocrimewhatsoever?”commentsMahoneytoday.“Ijustdon’tbuyit.”Norshouldhe:in1999the.departmentofeducationhadreportsofnearly400,000seriouscrimesonoraroundourcampus.Theunderlinedword“buy”means:A.MindB.admitC.believeD.expect4．....Tribesroamedallover,searchingforfood.Thiswanderinglifewentonuntilsomepeoplediscoveredthattheycouldplantseedsandraisecrops...5．Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashy,unsociablepersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.6．.Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thentherewillbeadryperiod，ordrought.A.desertsB.alongperiodoflackingrainfallC.rainfallD.floods7.Usuallyifrestaurantfoodispoorlyprepared,Idon’tcriticizethewaiter.Instead,Ireprimandthemanager.8.Heavyrainsacrossthecountryhavenotputanymajordenttothecottoncropandgrowersareoptimisticaboutachievingthetargetsetfortheseason.TheysaidtheJune-Julyflood,whichhitthestandingcropsinSindhandPunjab,hadnotdamagedalargersowingareaasthearrangementswerebeingmadetoavoidsuchlosses.“TherecentraininfactprovedgoodforthecropsinPunjab,”saidWahidBalgamwallah,aginner（軋棉工）fromRahimyarKhan.“Beforetherain,therewerefearsofinsects’attacks,whichweredrivenawaybytheheavyrains.Wedidnotwitnessanymajorloss.”Hesaidthat,aswasreported,cropsinLayyah,Multan,Jhang,BahawlpurandKhushabweredamagedtosomeextentduringthefloodandheavyrains.OveradozenpeoplewerekilledwhenrainpouredacrossSindhincludingKarachiandHyderabad.Farmersescapedheavylosses,buttheofficialsandginnerssaidheavyrainsmayslowdownginningoperationsintheprovince.“Thecottonsoakedaftertherains,soitmaytaketimetogetdryforginning,”saidaginnerinSindh.“TheSindhcottoncropmakesearlyitswayintothemarketcomparedtoPunjab,buttherecentrainsmaydelayitsarrivalinthelocalmarket.”Thefederalgovernmentearlierthisyearfixedthecottonproductiontargetat12millionbales（大包）,butencouragedbythegrowthincottonproductionduring2022-05,itrevisedthetargetto15millionbales.ThetargetareainPunjabhasbeensetatmillionacresforthecurrentseasonagainstthemillionacreslastyearandsimilarlysowinginSindhhasbeenfixedat638,000acresagainstlastyear’s635,000acres.Theauthoritiesareoptimisticthatfarmersaregoingtobeatitagain.1.Theunderlinedword“dent”(inParagraph1)probablymeans“______”.A.greatfunctionB.wholeprocessC.badeffectD.goodexpectation2.Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedwords“Layyah,Multan．．．”referto______.A.somepeopleB.somecountriesC.namesofsomestorehousesD.somecitiesandprovinces3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“soaked”(inParagraph6)?A.Grewbetter.B.Gotwet.C.Becameevenwhiter.D.Almostdied.4.Bysaying“beatit”inthelastparagraphthewritermeans“______”.A.gainbetterharvestthanlastyearB.conquerthebadweatherC.beagainsttheirplanD.defeatthegovernmentauthorities推理判斷題1Formorethanaquartercenturytheworldhadbeenwatchinginanemotionofrespectmixedwithbothfearandastonishmentthatasmallisland-countryintheFarEasthasrisenfromtheashesofdefeatinWorldWarIIandhasbecomeoneoftheworld'smostpowerfulindustrialnations.Thiscountry,Japan,hasbecomethesecondlargesteconomicalcountry.Itisnowtalkingwithgreatpridethatthequalityofitsproductsissecondtononebutitsgoodsarecheaperthanthoseofanyothercountry.Japanhasbeenforquiteafewyearstheworld'slargeststeelproducer,shipbuilder,camera-maker,motor-cyclemanufacturer（制造商）andrankssecondonlytotheUnitedStatesincars,trucksandbuses.AndJapanisevenbetterthantheinproducingchemicals,textilesandcomputers.Astheworld'slargesttrader,Japanhasheldpossessionofmarketsallovertheworldandoutsoldeverywhere.1.Fromthispassagewecaninferthat____attheendoftheSecondWorldWar.A.Japandeclareditssurrender（投降）B.Japanrefusedtosurrendertotheworld'spacificpeopleC.Japanwasdefeatedandpartially（部分地）destroyedD.afewoftheJapanesewarcriminals（罪犯）weresentencedtodeath2Thisincidenthappenedin1621.EverythingwasreadyforthefirstThanksgivingDay（感恩節(jié)）feast.Themenhadbeenouthuntingandtherewasmuchdeermeatandturkey（火雞肉）.Thefieldshadproducedtheirrichharvestofcornandpumpkin（南瓜）.Thehousewiveswerebusycookingandbaking（烘烤）bread,andaninvitedIndianguestseemedtobeeatingwhiteflowersatwhichthenewsettlers,theEuropeans,whohadlefttheirhomelandtomaketheirnewhomesinAmerica,greatlywondered.WhentheIndiansawthepuzzledexpressiononthewhitemen'sfaces,hesmiledanddrewsomecornseedsfromadeerskinbagwhichhecarriedwithhim,heplacedthecornseedsonthehotstonesnearthefire.Thenhewaitedandsuddenlytheseedsbegantohopaboutandtoburstwithaloudnoise:Pop!Pop!Pop!TheIndianlaughedatthenewsettlersexpressedtheirsurprise.Thecornseedsjumpedoffthehotrockastheypoppedwithagreatnoise,turningintowhitethingsthatlookedlikelittleflowers.Thenewsettlerstastedthenewfoodandfoundittasty.Andthat'showthenewsettlersfirstlearnedaboutpopcornwhichcanbeboughtinBeijing,Shanghaiandmanyotherbigcitiesandmostpeople,especiallychildren,enjoyeatingthemevenuptonow.1.Fromthispassage,wecansuggestthat_____.A.ThenewsettlershadagoodrelationshipwiththeIndiannatives.B.TheIndiannativeshatedthewhitesettlers.C.TheIndiannativeslookeddownuponthewhitepeoplefortheirignorance（無知）.D.ThewhitesettlerswerebusypreparingtoconquertheIndians.2.Fromthispassage,wecaninferthatinthe17thcenturythemensettlers___whiletheirwives____.A.wereengagedinoutdoorproductiveactivities;wereinchargeofhousework.B.hunteddeerandturkeys;enjoyedthemselvesathome.C.sharedtheoutdoorlabourwiththeirwives;supportedtheirhusbandsintheirwork.D.weresuperiortowomen;tooktheirfatelyingdown.3Inthe1880's,EngineerHermanHollerithwasgivenajobbytheAmericangovernmenttomakeanofficialcountofthecountry'stotalpopulation,whichisnowcalledcensus.MrHollerithworkedhardtosearchforawaytorecordthecensusinformationofAmerica,andhefounditonatrain,wherehesawaconductorusingsometooltomakeholesintickets.Thepositionofeachholetoldsomethingabouttheticketholder,suchashairoreyecolor.Ifthe"passenger"turnedouttobeatrainrobber,thisrecordwouldhelpthepolicecatchthecriminal.Whathesawonthetraingreatlyinspiredhimtoinventmachinewhichcouldcalculatelikeanabacus.Hollerithdesignedpunched（打過孔的）cardsforanelectriccomputeringmachine,foreachholegavetheanswertoaquestion,andthemachinecountedtheholes.Thus,thegreatgrandfatherofthemoderncomputerwasborn.1．Accordingtothispassage,holesweremadeintrainticketssoasto______.A.showthattheticketswerecorrectB.recordthedetailsofatrainrobberyC.giveapictureofthepersonwhoownedtheticketD.showhowmuchtheticketscost2．_____inspiredHermanHollerithtoinventthefirstcomputer.A.ThejobtorecordcensusinformationB.ThewisdomandrarechanceC.TheobservationoftrainticketswithholesinthemD.BothAandC3．Fromthispassage,wemaydrawaconclusionthat______.A.Whenapersonhasagoodfate,heissuretosucceedineverythingB.agoodopportunity（機(jī)遇）alwaysbelongstoapersonwhoisalwayssearchingforitC.ifawisemanworkshard,he'llsucceedintheendD.obeyyourfate,forGodhasalreadyarrangedeverythingforyou4FrankSmithsonwokeupandleanedovertoturnoffthealarmclock."Ohno!"hethoughttohimself."Anotherdayatthatoffice;abosswhoshoutsatmeallthetime."AsFrankwentdownstairshiseyesfellonalargebrownenvelopebythedoor.Hewasoverjoyedwhenheopeneditandreadtheletterinside."BigwoodsFootballPools(足球賭博公司)wouldliketocongra