中考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)課件 專題十二 并列句和主從復(fù)合句 課件

復(fù)合句考察點(diǎn)包括并列句和并列連詞、狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句考語(yǔ)法總復(fù)專題十二并列句和主從復(fù)合句習(xí)中考點(diǎn)一并列句和并列連詞01常見的并列連詞關(guān)系常用連詞例句順承、遞進(jìn)、并列關(guān)系and,both…and…,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等Ihelphimandhehelpsme.Mysisternotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系Don’ttalkinclass!Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.選擇關(guān)系Don’t+be+adj.Isitaboyoragirl?因果關(guān)系Don’tbelateagain!Theyweremakingalotofnoise,sotheteachergotangry.考點(diǎn)一并列句和并列連詞02不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中的連詞（1）because(因?yàn)?，so(所以)不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里，只能用其一。如：Becausehewastired,hecouldn'twalkthere.=Hewastired,sohecouldn'twalkthere.考點(diǎn)一并列句和并列連詞03and和or用于否定句中的區(qū)別（1）當(dāng)列舉成分是主語(yǔ),又在否定詞之前時(shí)，用and連接;當(dāng)列舉成分在否定詞之后時(shí)，用or構(gòu)成完全否定。Ican'tsingordance.LucyandLilycan'tspeakChinese.考點(diǎn)一并列句和并列連詞03and和or用于否定句中的區(qū)別（2）在否定句中,如果所連接的兩部分都有否定詞,那么用and,而不用or。Thereisnowaterandnoaironthemoon.（3）在否定句中,without之后若有列舉成分，則用and連接，構(gòu)成完全否定;在肯定句中,without之后的列舉成分要用or連接才能構(gòu)成完全否定。Mancan’tlivewithoutairandwater.=Manwilldiewithoutairorwater.考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句的定義在主從復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，與主句連接,位于句首時(shí),常用逗號(hào)與主句分開，位于句末時(shí)，其前一股不用逗號(hào)。狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)其用途可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句等?？键c(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句01時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句HewasreadingwhenIcamein.常用引導(dǎo)詞有when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until等；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。如：Whenhecomeshere,Iwillcallyou.Whiletheteacherisspeaking,Iamlisteningcarefully.考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句01時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句I’lltellhimthenewsassoonashearrives.常用引導(dǎo)詞有when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until等；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。如：Assoonasshegothome,shethrewherbagonthesofa.考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句01時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句I’ll

wait

for

you

till/untilyoucometoseeme.常用引導(dǎo)詞有when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until等；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句01時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句IhaveworkedinthisschoolsinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.Itis10yearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.常用引導(dǎo)詞有when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until等；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。如：考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句02條件狀語(yǔ)從句Iwillgofishingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.Wecan’tpasstheexamunlesswestudyhard.常用引導(dǎo)詞有if,unless；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat。如：考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句02條件狀語(yǔ)從句Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindaway.常用引導(dǎo)詞有if,unless；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat。如：考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句03原因狀語(yǔ)從句MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mquiet.常用引導(dǎo)詞有because,since,as,for；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat。如：Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,youcanasksomeoneelseforhelp.考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句04目的狀語(yǔ)從句IworkhardsothatIcangotocollegeinthefuture.常用引導(dǎo)詞有sothat,inorderthat；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat。如：Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.=Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句04目的狀語(yǔ)從句IworkhardsothatIcangotocollegeinthefuture.常用引導(dǎo)詞有sothat,inorderthat；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat。如：Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.=Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.考點(diǎn)二狀語(yǔ)從句05結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句Hegotupsoearlythathedidn’tmissthefirstbus.She

is

such

a

lovely

girl

that

we

love

her

very

much.Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.常用引導(dǎo)詞有so…that,such…that；特殊引導(dǎo)詞有suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat。如：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練_______theyweretalking,thebellrang.A.WhileB.WhenC.WhattimeD.By03【點(diǎn)撥】考查while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。when和while都有“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”之意。但while只能表示某一段時(shí)間，不能表示某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。在while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的，而且也只能與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在。且while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用一般時(shí)態(tài)?！敬鸢浮緼強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練—Thepollutionintheseaisterrible!—Ibelievetheseawillbecleanerwetakeactionnow.A.though B.ifC.unlessD.until03【點(diǎn)撥】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：海里的污染很糟糕！我相信海洋將會(huì)變得更加干凈，如果我們現(xiàn)在采取行動(dòng)。根據(jù)上句“我相信海洋將會(huì)變得更加干凈”和下句“我們現(xiàn)在采取行動(dòng)”可知，上下句是互為條件的。if意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)從句，表?xiàng)l件。【答案】B強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepy________hestayeduplatetolookafterhispatientsyesterday.A.becauseB.ifC.unlessD.until03解析：考查引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：—《哈利波特》是一本如此有趣的小說(shuō)，我想再看一遍?！彝饽愕恼f(shuō)法。Iwanttoreaditagain“我想再看一遍”是個(gè)句子，故排除B和D；aninterestingnovel“一本有趣的小說(shuō)”是名詞短語(yǔ)，需用形容詞修飾。so是副詞。答案：C強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練Wewillgo___________（無(wú)論在哪兒）themotherlandneedsusmost.03解析：考查地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：我們要到祖國(guó)最需要的地方去。go是不及物動(dòng)詞，在句中作謂語(yǔ)，wherever是副詞，引導(dǎo)themotherlandneedsusmost這個(gè)句子，修飾go，作狀語(yǔ)。答案：wherever強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練—Manyboystudentsthinkphysicsis________geography．—Iagree.I’mweakingeography．

A.muchdifficultthan B.asdifficultas C.lessdifficultthan D.moredifficultthan03解析：考查比較狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：—許多男學(xué)生認(rèn)為物理不如地理難?！彝狻Ｎ也簧瞄L(zhǎng)地理。根據(jù)Iagree.I’mweakingeography.“我同意。我不擅長(zhǎng)地理”可推知，許多男學(xué)生認(rèn)為物理不如地理難。less…than“不如；不及”，than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。答案：C強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練—HarryPotteris____aninterestingnovel____Iwanttoreaditagain.—Iagreewithyou.A.so;that B.too;to C.such;thatD.as;as03解析：考查引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：這位醫(yī)生看起來(lái)又困又累，他昨天因照顧病人而熬夜了。根據(jù)lookstiredandsleepy“看起來(lái)又累又困”可猜測(cè)出，是由于昨天熬夜照顧病人了。because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。答案：A強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練—Whatamess!Thesharingbikesarethrowneverywhere.—Let’scollectandputthemintherightplace_____theycanbeusedconveniently.A.unlessB.sothatC.becauseD.solongas03解析：考查引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：—太亂了！共享單車被扔的到處都是?！獮榱宋覀兛梢院鼙憷厥褂盟鼈儯屛覀儼阉鼈冋硪幌路诺胶线m的地方。由Whatamess“太亂了”可推知，把單車整理一下放到合適的地方是為了方便使用。sothat“為了；以便于”引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。答案：B考點(diǎn)三賓語(yǔ)從句01賓語(yǔ)從句的含義Heknewwhosangbestinhisclass.(從句whosangbestinhisclass放在動(dòng)詞knew的后面,作賓語(yǔ),who是引導(dǎo)該從句的連接詞)Iagreewithwhatyousaidjustnow.(從句放在介詞with的后面，作賓語(yǔ),what是連接詞)置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等后面,充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。無(wú)論何時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句都是陳述句語(yǔ)序,即引導(dǎo)詞(連接詞)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+。例:考點(diǎn)三賓語(yǔ)從句02引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that:沒有詞義,只起連接作用,用來(lái)引導(dǎo)意思完整的陳述句,可以省略。(2)whether/if:"是否”,在從句中不作成分,不可省略。通?？梢曰Q,但是介詞后面只能用whether。 Iwonderif/whetherhegoestoworkbycartoday.考點(diǎn)三賓語(yǔ)從句02引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞(3)特殊疑問詞:當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)時(shí),連接詞就用原來(lái)的特殊疑問詞,但從句一定要注意用陳述句語(yǔ)序。①連接代詞:what,which,who,whom,whose(在賓從句中作主、賓、表和定語(yǔ))②連接副詞:where,when,how,why(在賓語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ))Peopledon'tknowwhatisgoingtohappennext.(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))Heaskedmewhosecomputeritis.(whose在賓從中作定語(yǔ))Couldyoutellmewhyyouwerelatethismorning?(why在賓語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)三賓語(yǔ)從句03賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該注意兩點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)需求原則主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定Iremember(that)hegavemeabookyesterday.Shewonderswhenhewillcomeback.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系呼應(yīng)原則主句為一般過去時(shí),從句應(yīng)用一種相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.HeaskedmeifIhadhadfunattheparty.語(yǔ)態(tài)特殊原則當(dāng)從句為客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),從句永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Hetoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(真理)語(yǔ)態(tài)主謂順序賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序(先主后謂)Whatishise-mailaddress?→Doyouknowwhathise-mailaddressis?考點(diǎn)三賓語(yǔ)從句03賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該注意兩點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)需求原則主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定Iremember(that)hegavemeabookyesterday.Shewonderswhenhewillcomeback.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系呼應(yīng)原則主句為一般過去時(shí),從句應(yīng)用一種相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.HeaskedmeifIhadhadfunattheparty.語(yǔ)態(tài)特殊原則當(dāng)從句為客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),從句永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Hetoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(真理)語(yǔ)態(tài)主謂順序賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序(先主后謂)Whatishise-mailaddress?→Doyouknowwhathise-mailaddressis?考點(diǎn)三賓語(yǔ)從句04賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化情況從句簡(jiǎn)化例句主、從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等hop/wish/decide/agree/choose+todoIhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.特殊原則主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know,

remember,forget,learn等know/remember/forget/learn+疑問詞+todoShedoesn'tknowwhatshecanwriteabout.=Shedoesn'tknowwhattowriteabout.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞接雙賓語(yǔ),從句主語(yǔ)與主句的間接賓語(yǔ)一致ask/tell/show/teach+疑問詞+todoWillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?=Willyoupleaseshowmehowtoworkitout?其他簡(jiǎn)化為對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)Idon'tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon'tbelieveTom'swords.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1.Iwanttoknowifhe____tomorrow.Ifhe____,Iwillcallyou.A.comes;comes B.willcome;comesC.willcome;willcome D.comes;willcome03【點(diǎn)撥】if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“是否”，從句時(shí)態(tài)的確定依據(jù)：主過從過、主現(xiàn)從需、從事從現(xiàn)；if引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“如果”，表?xiàng)l件，從句時(shí)態(tài)依據(jù)：主將從現(xiàn)、主情從現(xiàn)、主祈從現(xiàn)。tomorrow是一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志?！敬鸢浮緽強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2.Idon’tknow_________.A.whathappenedtohim B.whatdidhehappen C.whathehappenedD.whathappenedhim03【點(diǎn)撥】happen“發(fā)生”是不及物動(dòng)詞，其用法是sth.happentosb.相當(dāng)于sb.havesth.,對(duì)sth.提問應(yīng)用what，疑問句的語(yǔ)序不變。類似用法的除了what之外，還有Whichisthewaytoschool?Whohelpedus?等。【答案】A強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3.Iwanttoknow_________next.A.whattodo B.wheretodoC.howtodoD.whentodo03【點(diǎn)撥】whattodo是賓語(yǔ)從句變來(lái)的簡(jiǎn)單句，相當(dāng)于“what+主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+do”。do是及物動(dòng)詞，后邊必須加賓語(yǔ)。howtodoit才是正確的，相當(dāng)于“how+主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+doit”；whentodo和howtodo用法同理?！敬鸢浮緼強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練—Wow,yourdressisreallynice.Couldyoutellme？—InBeautyClothesStore.A.whenyouboughtitB.howmuchyouspentonitC.whereyouboughtitD.howlongyouhavehadit03解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞。由答語(yǔ)InBeautyClothesStore“在美麗服裝店”可知，上句詢問地點(diǎn)，連接詞應(yīng)用where。答案：C強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練Thereissomuchnoiseinthenextroom.Iwonder____________.A.whataretheydoingBwhatweretheydoingC.whattheyaredoingD.whattheyweredoing03解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序。句意：隔壁的房間如此吵鬧，我想知道他們正在做什么。賓語(yǔ)從句使用陳述句語(yǔ)序，排除選項(xiàng)A、B；根據(jù)第一句及主句的時(shí)態(tài)可知賓語(yǔ)從句使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng)D。答案：C強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練即時(shí)訓(xùn)練—Tom,Iwenttothepartyyesterdayevening.—Oh,Iwanttoknowattheparty.A.whodoyoumeet B.whoyoumeetC.whodidyoumeet D.whoyoumet03解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序。賓語(yǔ)從句要注意引導(dǎo)詞、陳述語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)。由上文yesterdayevening可以判斷下文談?wù)摰氖亲蛱焱砩系耐頃?huì)，故要用過去時(shí)，且賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。答案：D考點(diǎn)四定語(yǔ)從句01定語(yǔ)從句的基本知識(shí)1.含義在主從復(fù)合句中,放在名詞或代詞后面作定語(yǔ)的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語(yǔ)從句之前。2.關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的是關(guān)系詞。分為兩類;關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whoseAwhen,where,why。3.結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,它既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分?？键c(diǎn)四定語(yǔ)從句01定語(yǔ)從句的基本知識(shí)1.含義在主從復(fù)合句中,放在名詞或代詞后面作定語(yǔ)的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語(yǔ)從句之前。2.關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的是關(guān)系詞。分為兩類;關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whoseAwhen,where,why。3.結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,它既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分?？键c(diǎn)四定語(yǔ)從句02關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞指代對(duì)象所作成分that人或物主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)which物主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)who人主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)whose人或物賓語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)四定語(yǔ)從句02關(guān)系代詞的用法1.一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。如果緊跟在介詞后作介詞的賓語(yǔ),不能用that,只能用whom或which,且不能省略。who在從句中既可以作主語(yǔ)又可以作賓語(yǔ);whom只能作賓語(yǔ)。whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)。例:(1)

HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(2)

I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.(先行詞theday指時(shí)間,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞on的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用which)(3)

YesterdayIsawafilmwhosenameisMulan.