重慶市重慶市2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期6月期末英語(yǔ)試題

重慶縉云教育聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年(下)期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高一英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、座位號(hào)在答題卡上填寫清楚;2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，在試卷上作答無(wú)效;3.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回;4.全卷共9頁(yè)，滿分120分，聽力部分另行測(cè)試，考試時(shí)間100分鐘。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWheretoEatinBangkokBangkokisahighlydesirabledestinationforfoodlovers.Ithasaseeminglybottomlesswellofdiningoptions.HerearesomesuggestionsonwheretostartyourBangkokeatingadventure.NahmOfferingThaifinedining.NahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary(烹飪的)experiences.It’stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.HeadChefDavidThompson,whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename,openedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.IssayaSiameseClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaichefIanKittichai’sfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurant.ThemenuinthisbeautifulcolonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethods.Bo.lanBo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.Servinghard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-litdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.GagganEarningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(場(chǎng)所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.Thebesttableinthistwo-storycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.1.WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommon?A.Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods. B.TheyhavebranchesinLondon.C.Theyhavetop-classchefs. D.Theyarebasedinhotels.2.Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A.Gaggan. B.Bo.lan. C.IssayaSiameseClub. D.Nahm.3.WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?A.IthiresstafffromIndia. B.Itputsonaplayeveryday.C.Itserveshard-to-findlocaldishes. D.Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.BInthisdigitalage,peoplemeasuretheirpopularitybythenumberof“l(fā)ikes”andfollowerstheygetonsocialmedia.Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappierwhentheirfriendsareofhighqualityratherthanhugequantity.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeedsintheUKstudieddatafromtwoonlinesurveysofnearly1,500people.Thosewhotookthesurveygavedetailsabouttheirage,socialinteractions,andhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirsociallives.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial(關(guān)系淺表的)friends.“Lonelinesshaslesstodowiththenumberoffriendsyouhave,andmoretodowithhowyoufeelaboutyourfriends,”saidBruinedeBruin,oneoftheresearchers.Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof“peripheral(次要的)others”—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.Theresultsofthestudyshowthattheopinionsocietyhasaboutoldpeoplebeingsadandlonelymightnotbeaccurate.“Theresearchshowsthatolderadults’smallernetworksdon’tdecreasetheirsocialsatisfactionandhappiness.Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults,”saidBruinedeBruin.4.Accordingtothestudy,peopletendtobehappierwhenthey______.A.havefriendsofhugequantity B.haveasmallcircleofclosefriendsC.havealotoffollowersonsocialmedia D.makefriendswitholderpeople5.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph4?A.Olderpeople’sfriendsseemtobeofhigherquality.B.Youngerpeopledon’tneedtomakeperipheralfriends.C.Olderpeople’shappinesshasnothingtodowiththeirfriends.D.Botholderandyoungerpeoplefindithardtomakeclosefriends.6.WhichwordmightBruinedeBruinusetodescribeolderadults?A.Sad. B.Happy. C.Lonely. D.Concerned7.Whatisthefocusofthisarticle?A.Differenttypesoffriendsinone’slife.B.Changesinpeople’shappinesslevels.C.Interactionsbetweenolderandyoungerpeople.D.Therelationshipbetweenhappinessandthequalityandquantityoffriends.CAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguagewhichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.8.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular. B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated. D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.9.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers. B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark. D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.11.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy. B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation. D.Interculturalcommunication.DAgrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.Itoftenfollowsaviralinfectionwhichcanleadtoa“disruption”inabalancedgutecosystem.Actually,anincreasingnumberofAmericanshavebeenthesuffererssincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.TworecentstudiespublishedinCellHost&MicrobepointtochangesinthemicrobiomeasapossiblecauseofCFS.ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(糞便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.ThetwogroupsfoundsimilarbacteriaspecieswerelesspresentinCFSpatientscomparedtocontrolpatients.Theyfocusedonbacteriathatproducebutyrate,afattyacidinvolvedinregulatingmetabolismandtheimmunesystem.“Butyrateplaysseveralrolesindirectingthebody’sresponsetoinfections,whilealsoprotectingthebarrierbetweentheintestine(腸)andthecirculatorysystem,regulatinggeneticchangesincells,andmore,”saysBrentWilliams,leadauthorontheColumbiastudy.WilliamsandhiscolleaguesextensivelyanalyzedtheroleofbutyrateinCFSpatients’guts,evenidentifyingacorrelationbetweenlowlevelsofbacteriathatproducethisacidandmoreseveresymptoms.ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.PreviousresearchhasidentifiedmicrobiomeissuesinCFSpatients,butthenewfindingshelpclarifywhichmicrobescouldberelatedtotheillness.Moreresearchonbutyrate-producingbacteriaandotherspeciesidentifiedinthestudiesisnecessarytoinvestigatethesepotentialbiomarkersofCFS,theauthorssay.Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCFS?A.ItiscausedbyCOVID-19only. B.Itisanillnesswithsystemicsymptoms.C.Itbreaksthebalanceofthegutecosystem. D.Thenumberoftheinfectedisonthedecrease.13Howdidtheresearchercarryouttherecentstudies?A.Bycontrollingdata. B.Byidentifyinggenes.C.Byanalyzingsamples. D.Bycomparingsymptoms.14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesignificanceoftherecentresearches?A.Butyrate’smultiplefunctionsarepromoted.B.TargetedgutmicrobesmaybeusedtodiagnoseCFS.C.CertainmicrobesresponsibleforCFSarenarroweddown.D.ProbioticssupplementwithdrugscanbeatreatmentforCFS.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.GutmicrobiomemaybethekeytoCFS. B.Microbeshelpdigestfoodandaidabsorption.C.Man’sgutisarich,diversetropicalrainforest. D.NewmethodfordiagnosingCFSareprovided.第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning._____16_____Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.Previousresearchhasshownthatthechangesactuallypersistinthemusclesthemselves.Inonestudyofmice,theresultssuggestthatafternucleiinmusclecellsmultiplyinresponsetoanoverloadoftraining,thoseextranucleiaren’tlostduringsubsequentperiodsofinactivity.Theyareretained(保留),essentiallywaitingtobereactivated.Ifyoufelloffthefitnesswagon(馬車)duringthepandemic,don’tbefrustrated.Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity._____17_____Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoregainyourformerfitness.Itdependsonhowfityouwereinitially,howlongthelayoffwas,howoldyouareandhowlongyou’dbeenexercising._____18_____Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.Andtheprincipleappliestobothresistancetrainingandendurancetraining.Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity._____19_____Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport._____20_____Youwillneverknowhowmuchmusclememoryyoumayhaveuntilyoustarttrainingagain.A.Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.B.Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.C.Thisconvincestheresearchersthatmusclememorymaynotbelonglasting.D.Thatistosay,wecandothesportsautomaticallywithoutconsciousthought.E.Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.F.Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.G.Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IzziDymalovskiisayounggirlfromMelbourne,Australia.Attheearlyageofjusteight,sheaskedhermotherifshecouldusesomeofherskincareproductsto___21___makeupafterherdanceperformance.Hermothersaidthattheproductsweremeantforadults___22___thechemicalstheycontained.Theywerenot___23___foryounggirlswhowerestilldeveloping.Izzi’smother___24___thatsheshouldusebabyproductsinordertocleanmakeup.However,itwasnotsatisfyingtousebabyproductsforyoungkids.Izziwasabit___25___.Izzi’smothergaveasuggestiontoherdaughter:allowtimeandmakea(n)___26___tocreateherownskincareproducts.Theproductformulas(配方)couldbe___27___usingingredients(成分)thatweresafeforkids.Izziimmediatelyjumpedintoactionandbeganworkingonthelogo,brand,andevenpackaging___28___.ThenIzzicreatedafacewash,bodywashandfacemoisturizer.Attheageofthirteen,she___29___herownskincareline.Later,shebecameayoungentrepreneur(企業(yè)家).Bydoingso,Izzichangedanunhappyexperienceintoanamazing____30____.Atpresent,her____31____sellwellonline.Manyteenswantto____32____differentjobswhenpossible.Insteadof____33____thesamesummerjobeachyear,tryfillingyourtimewithotherdifferentwork.Ifyou’rereally____34____,tryyourhandatstartingyourown____35____andbecomingateenentrepreneur.21.A.cover B.improve C.protect D.remove22.A.inspiteof B.dueto C.exceptfor D.regardlessof23.A.suitable B.effective C.necessary D.practical24.A.requested B.complained C.regretted D.advised25.A.embarrassed B.delighted C.upset D.puzzled26.A.reply B.effort C.agreement D.promise27.A.designed B.discovered C.copied D.refused28.A.honestly B.actively C.gratefully D.proudly29.A.launched B.imagined C.recorded D.valued30.A.task B.habit C.dream D.career31.A.products B.collections C.books D.pictures32.A.observe B.judge C.explore D.abandon33.A.applyingfor B.troublingwith C.reactingto D.cheeringfor34.A.young B.brave C.careful D.generous35.A.performance B.course C.business D.duty第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThelocalgovernmentofZiboissuedtwoopenletterstoallcitizens.Thegovernmentextendeditsgratitudeforthecitizens’____36____(warm)andhospitalitytowardvisitorscomingtoenjoythecity’ssignaturebarbecue,____37____hasrecentlybecomeahitacrossthecountry.SinceearlyMarch,Zibolocalbarbecue____38____(cause)asensationonline.ButhowdidZiborisetofame?FromJuly2022toFebruary2023,Ziboorganizedmanytripstothecityforuniversitystudents.Despitereachingpeakvisitationnumbers,therewasnosenseofpanic.Instead,severalsupportive____39____(policy)werepromptlyintroduced,suchasestablishinga“GoldenStoveAward”,formingabarbecueassociation,creatingamapofZibobarbecuerestaurants,____40____launching21dedicatedtouristroutesthatgobeyondjustbarbecue.Zibo’ssuddenboominpopularityalsoresulted____41____thepost-pandemictourismrevivalChinahasexperienced.Thecityaimstorestore____42____(it)tourismindustryandensuresustainablegrowth.____43____(achieve)thisgoal,ithascreated____44____welcomingenvironmentwithconvenientservicesforyoungpeople,particularlyuniversitystudents.ThecityhasalsoinvitedstudentsfromdistinguisheduniversitiestovisitZiboforfree,_____45_____(signal)itseagernesstoattracttalentedyoungindividuals.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.假定你是李華，最近國(guó)內(nèi)一家英文報(bào)紙正在討論人類是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行太空探索。以下是你所在班級(jí)討論的情況。請(qǐng)你給該報(bào)寫封信，反映討論結(jié)果，并提出自己的看法。40%的同學(xué)反對(duì)：1.浪費(fèi)金錢，這些錢原本可以解決地球上的饑餓、貧困等問(wèn)題；2.可能會(huì)污染太空里的環(huán)境。60%同學(xué)贊成：1.能更好地應(yīng)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害；2.可進(jìn)行地球上無(wú)法進(jìn)行的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。注意：1詞數(shù)100詞左右；2.可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭已為你擬好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：貧困povertyDearEditor,Recentlyourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhetheritisworthwhileformankindtoexplorethespace.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Joeywassoexcitedhecouldhardlywaittogettothestore.HewalkedsofastthathissisterBethhadtorun.“Doyouhavetohurrylikethat?”shepuffed.OnhiswayfromschoolhehadseenthatbaseballcapinRogers’storewindow.Onlyadollar,andthiswasthelastcap!Joeyhadlookedatthecapalongtime.Hewanteditmorethananything.Everyboyatschoolhadone.Joeythoughtofhispiggybank,intowhichheputeverycoinforrunningerrands(差使)forhisfamilyandneighbors.Joeyracedhome,notstoppingforanything.Heheldthefatironpig,openeditcarefully,andpouredoutthecoins.Ten...twenty...thirty...ninetycents.Ifonlyhehadonemoredime(一角硬幣)!Lostinthought,Joeystaredoutthewindow.“What’swrong,Joey?”askedMother.Joeytoldaboutthemoneyandthecap.“Ifyougivemewhatyouha