初升高英語復(fù)習(xí)音標(biāo)詞性句子成分課件

CONTENTSPronunciationPartofSpeechSentenceComponents01Pronunciation國際音標(biāo)表元音12個單元音長元音/i://?://?://u://a:/

短元音/i//?//?//u//Λ//e//?/

8個雙元音/ai//ei//?i//au//?u//i?//e?//u?/

輔音10對清輔音/p//t//k//f//θ//s//∫//t?//tr//ts/濁輔音/b//d//g//v//e//z//?//d?//dr//dz/3個鼻音/m//n//?/

3個似拼音/h//r//l/

2個半元音/w//j/

長元音/ɑ:/father/'fɑ:e?/start/stɑ:t/hard/hɑ:d//?:/thought/θ?:t/law/l?:/north/n?:θ/war/w?://?:/nurse/n?:s/stir/st?:/learn/l?:n/refer/ri'f?://i:/fleece/fli:s/sea/si:/machine/m?'∫i:n//u:/goose/gu:s/two/tu:/blue/blu:/group/gru:p/短元音/i/:bit/b?t/tip/t?p/fit/f?t/sit/s?t/kill/k?l/

/?/:forget/f?'get/dollar

/'d?l?/tiger/'taig?//?/:lock/l?k/box/b?ks/hot/h?t/not

/n?t//u/:good/g?d/look/l?k/woman/'w?m?n/put/p?t//Λ/:color/‘k?l?/lucky/‘l?ki/touch/t?t?/much/m?t?/

/e/:egg/eg/get/get/send/send/bed/bed//?/:fat/f?t/bag/b?g/have/h?v/hand/h?nd/雙元音a?life/la?f/like/la?k/tiger/‘ta?g?/my/ma?/e?same/se?m/late/le?t/baby/‘be?bi/today/t?‘de?/auhouse/haus/about/?‘baut/now/nau/how/hau/?uknow/n?u/go/g?u/photo/‘f?ut?u/coat/k?ut/??idea/a??d??/dear/d??/hear/h??/beer/b??/e?care/ke?/share/?e?/bear/be?/fair/fe?/u?sure/?u?/tour/tu?/??boy/b??/toy/t??/joy/d???/enjoy/in'd???/

/p/

pea[pi:]deep[di:p]cup[k?p]map[m?p]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：p、ppp：piano、pet、sheep、pig、stoppp：apple、happy輔音

/b/bee[bi:]bag[b?g]boat[b?ut]book[buk]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：b、bbb：book、ball、bird、big、bagbb：rubber、rabbit、cabbage輔音輔音

/

t/

eat[i:t]

bit[bit]

table[‘teibl]take[teik]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：t、ttt：table、taxi、cat、rat、fat、tickettt：butter、matter

/d/deep[di:p]do[du:]desk[desk]dog[d?g]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：d、edd：red、head、bed、colded：smiled、opened、played輔音輔音輔音

/ɡ/big[b?ɡ]give[ɡiv]get[ɡet]game[ɡeim]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：g、ggg：glass、get、girl、bag、flaggg：egg

/f/

fact[f?kt]foot[fut]fat[f?t]five[faiv]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：f、ff、ph、ghf：flower、fish、four、leafff：giraffeph：phone、elephant、photogh：laugh輔音/v/give[giv]have[h?v]very['veri]love[l?v]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：v、vev：video、vase、vestve：five、love輔音

/s/

best[best]nice[nais]bus[b?s]office[‘?:fis]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：s、c、ss、ces：star、snake、seac：city、ceiling、celebratess：grass、glass、class、bossce：face、race、rice、nice輔音

/z/zero[‘zi?r?u]zoo[zu:]nose[n?uz]whose[hu:z]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：z、s、sez：zero、zebra、zoos：bags、photos、sistersse：nose、rose輔音

/?/flash[fl??]shine[?ain]shall[??l]shirt[??:t]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：s、shs：sugar、suresh：wash、cash、shop輔音/?/pleasure['ple??]televis??n]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：ss：usually、measure、unusual、decision輔音

/?/flash[fl??]shine[?ain]shall[??l]shirt[??:t]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：s、shs：sugar、suresh：wash、cash、shop輔音/?/pleasure['ple??]televis??n]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：ss：usually、measure、unusual、decision輔音

/θ/

bath[bɑ:θ]mouth[mauθ]thank[θ??k]think[θi?k]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：thth：three、thin、third、teeth輔音

/e/that[e?t]with[wie]there[e??]them[eem]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：thth：father、mother、brother、weather輔音/ts/seats[si:ts]roots[ru:ts]boots[bu:ts]students[‘stju:d?nts]

發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：ts,tes,zzts：facts、accounts、attractstes：classmateszz：pizza輔音/dz/goods[gudz]needs[ni:dz]birds[b?:dz]friends[frendz]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：ds,des,ddsds：afterwards、hands、wordsdes：besidesdds：odds輔音

/t?/

change[t?eind?]cheer[t?i?]watch[w?t?]touch[t?t?]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：ch、tchch：teacher、peach、cherry、chairtch：watch、match、輔音/d?/change[t?eind?]orange[‘?:rind?]joke[d??uk]Japan[d??‘p?n]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：g、j、dgeg：giraffej：jump、job、jamge：orange、cabbage、cage輔音/tr/try[trai]truck[tr?k]true[tru:]trouble[‘tr?bl]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：trtr:tradition、treat、tree輔音/dr/dry[drai]dream[dri:m]drive[draiv]draw[dr?:]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：drdress、drama、draft輔音/h/have[h?v]hill[hil]happen['h?p?n]head[hed]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：h、whh：he、her、head、heart、hairwh：who、whose輔音/r/bread[bred]red[red]great[greit]river[‘riv?]發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合：r、rr、wrr：rice、ride、road、roserr：mirror、carrot、parrotwr：write、wrong、wrap輔音其他輔音/m/money/‘m?ni/room/ru:m/morning/'m?:ni?//n/need/ni:d/thin

/θin/pencil/‘pensl/open/‘?up?n//?/young

/j??/tongue

/t??/wrong/r??//j/yes/jes/year/ji?/young/j??/yellow/'jel?u//w/wait/weit/watch/w?t?/when/wen/what/w?t//l/love/l?v/letter/'let?/play/plei/class/klɑ:s/Abigblackbugbitabigblackbearandmadethebigblackbearbleedblood.Ithoughtathought.ButthethoughtIthoughtwasn'tthethoughtIthoughtIthought.IfthethoughtIthoughtIthoughthadbeenthethoughtIthought,Iwouldn'thavethoughtsomuch.TongueTwister[?ks?t?e?nd?]exchangen.交換，交流[?lekt??(r)]lecturen.講座，vi.講座vt.訓(xùn)斥[?red??st?(r)]registerv.登記，注冊[?red???stre??n]registrationn.登記，注冊[seks]sexn.性別Practice[me?l]maleadj.男的；雄的n.男子；雄性動物[?fi?me?l]femaleadj.女的；雌的n.女子；雌性動物[?ne??n]nationn.國家;民族;國民

[?n????n?l?ti]nationalityn.國籍;民族

[d??za?n]designn.設(shè)計vt.設(shè)計

[?k?mp?s]campusn.校園；校區(qū)

[?f??ml]formaladj.正式的；正規(guī)的

[???k??s]anxiousadj.焦慮的；不安的

[??n??]annoyvt.使惱怒；打擾

[?fra?tnd]frightenedadj.驚嚇的；害怕的

[?si?n??(r)]senioradj.級別高的n.較年長的

[?a?tɡ????]outgoingadj.外向的

[?m?pres]impressv.給…留下深刻印象

[?k?nsentre?t]concentratev.集中；聚精會神

[?ks?per?m?nt]

experiment.n.實驗

[???kw?d]

awkwardadj.令人尷尬的；難對付的[?k?nf?d?nt]

confidentadj.自信的[?str?t?d??]

strategyn.策略；策劃[?m?pru:v]improvev.改進(jìn)；改善

[?kju?r??s]curiousadj.好奇的

[?k?mp?n?]

[?p3:?s??n?l?t?]

personalityn.性格；個性

[sta?l]

stylen.方式；作風(fēng)

[r??va?z]

revisev.修改；修訂；復(fù)習(xí)

02PartofSpeechWhynationsthatfailwomenfail.PartofSpeech名詞n.NeZha;computer;pork...冠詞art.a,an,the代詞pron.I,you,he,she,it,everyone...形容詞adj.kind,delicious,cold,good...數(shù)詞num.one,third,twenty-four...動詞v.sing,sit,run...副詞adv.slowly,quickly,very...介詞prep.in,on,at,of...連詞conj.and,or,but...感嘆詞interj.wow,oh...名詞名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成規(guī)則在末尾加-s以s，x，ch，sh，結(jié)尾的詞加-es以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es（有生命的）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-esman和woman的復(fù)數(shù)是men和women名詞名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少，例如：

Therichmanhasalotofmoney．

Thereissomemilkinthebottle．

Isthereanywaterintheglass？

Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice用apieceof這類定語，例如：

apieceofpaper/wood/bread

abottleoforangeaglassofwater（milk）acupoftea

abagofrice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

twocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater名詞前的小帽子——冠詞本身不能獨立使用只能與名詞放在一起（一般用于名詞之前）幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物包含不定冠詞（a/an）、定冠詞（the）Article冠詞(2016?全國II)Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.the名詞的替身之代詞用來指代名詞的詞，也用來代替起名詞作用的短語、從句或句子，以避免重復(fù)。Pronoun代詞

人稱代詞反身代詞物主代詞其他單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱he,she,ithim,her,ittheythem人稱代詞指人也可指物，有人稱、數(shù)的變化形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersitsits物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，是人稱代詞的屬格形式形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，是人稱代詞的屬格形式 數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfherselfitselfthemselves反身代詞指動作的承受者是動作執(zhí)行者本身，也就是表示…自己1.(2016?四川)Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded________(it)motherforfood.2.(2019?北京)Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto________(I)thetwosimplewords"Beyourself".myselfits十八線美妝博主之形容詞描寫或修飾名詞（或代詞）的詞Adjective形容詞MyEnglishteacheris_______.A.pretty B.smart C.prettyandsmart“天生麗質(zhì)”本身為形容詞“后天勵志”+-y,able,al,ful,ly等 “組合效應(yīng)”復(fù)合形容詞

“雙生之花”動詞分詞形式+-ing/edred,blue,yellow,glad,nice,etc.“天生麗質(zhì)”本身為形容詞“后天勵志”+-y,able,al,ful,ly等exciting/excitedboring/boredamazing/amazedpleasing/pleased“雙生之花”動詞分詞形式+-ing/edman-made,newly-built,well-known,hard-working,warm-hearted“組合效應(yīng)”復(fù)合形容詞1.(2017?全國II)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost___________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.2.(2019?全國I改錯)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.successfulinterested動一次打一次——動詞Verb動詞描述物體或人發(fā)出的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)的詞。不是說好只打一次嗎Mymomslappedmeyesterday.Mymomslapsmeeveryday.Ifeelthepain.英語中動詞的特點：有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，還有主動和被動式分鄙視鏈的最底層之副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句Adverb副詞Herunsfast.Heisveryhandsome.Herunsveryfast.名詞動詞形容詞副詞副詞本身為副詞 very,there,

hard形容詞+-ly slowly,clearly,bravely副詞形式1.(2014?陜西改錯)Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.2.(2019?全國III)TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere______(huge)popularwithtourists.immediatelyhugely可愛的夾心餅之介詞gotoschoolnexttomelookatmePreposition介詞表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系漢語中可以直接說打某人或抓某人的某個部位，英語則要先說打或者抓某個人，人后再通過介詞去說打或抓某個部位。e.g.beathimonheadgrasphimbyhandPreposition介詞表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系Preposition介詞表時間at,in,on,during,for,since...表地點、位置、動作方向in,at,over,beside,near...表原因、理由或目的of,for,with,becauseof...表“關(guān)于、至于”about,on,asto...表方法、手段或工具by,on...表價值、比率、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、對比、速度at,to...表特性、屬性of,with...表進(jìn)行意義at,on,under,in...表排除意義but,exceptfor...(2016?全國III)ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.with千里姻緣一線牽之連詞并列連詞and,notonly...butalso,neither...nor...,but,so,or,either...or,for...從屬連詞that,if,whether,what,who,whom,which,when,where,how,why...Conjunction連詞連詞IfindYunnaninterestingandbeautiful.Yunnanisaplacewhereyoucaneatmanydeliciousfoods.(2016?全國III)InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called"ricebowl"culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,________Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.andPartofSpeech名詞代詞數(shù)詞形容詞動詞冠詞連詞介詞副詞03SentenceComponentsItwassaidthatthatthatthatthatboywrotewaswrong.小朋友，你是否有很多that？?????????????句子成分主語主語（Subject)：主語是一個句子的主體部分，是動作的發(fā)出者,或者被描述的對象。大多數(shù)主語都在句首。主語1.Theroomisveryclean.（名詞）2.WeoftenspeakEnglish.（代詞）3.Eightismyluckynumber.（數(shù)詞）4.ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.（動詞不定式）5.Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.（v-ing）6.Whatweneedisfood.（主語從句）7.Thepoorareeverywhereinsomecountries.（the+形容詞)主語it做形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式或者v-ing。Itis+adj/n.+(forsb).todosth.Itis+adj.+(ofsb).todosth.注意：it作形式主語It’snogood/nouse(useless)/nofun/awasteoftimedoingsth.例句：ItiseasyformetostudyEnglish.Itiskindofyoutohelpme.It’snousecryingforspiltmilk.找出句子中的主語主語找出句子中的主語6.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.

7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.Allofuslaughed!9.Whathesaidwasright.10.EightisaluckynumberinChina.主語句子成分謂語謂語(predicate):說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài),說明主語“做什么”，“是什么”，“怎么樣”。謂語Wealwaysgetupatseven.（動詞短語）Theyaretalkingaboutsomething.（助動詞+動詞）Hewenttotheparkyesterday.（動詞短語）Theboycanplayguitarverywell.（情態(tài)動詞+動詞）Hedoesn'tlikespeakingChinese.（助動詞+動詞）Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.（助動詞+動詞）Hedidn'tfinishhishomeworklastnight.（助動詞+動詞）謂語1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+動詞構(gòu)成

。

如:HecanspeakEnglish.Childrendon'tlikeeatingapples.Heisswimming.謂語can/could能，可以，可能may/might可以，可能need需要must必須，務(wù)必will/would表意愿should應(yīng)該haveto不得不常見情態(tài)動詞原型動詞

謂語謂語一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)：does/do一般過去時態(tài)：did一般將來時態(tài)：will/shall過去將來時態(tài)：would/should現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：have/has過去完成時態(tài)：had現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)：am/is/are過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)：was/were動詞某種形式

謂語助動詞：幫助構(gòu)成時態(tài)和語態(tài)，不同時態(tài)有不同的助動詞,后加動詞的某種形式構(gòu)成謂語。找出句子中的謂語謂語找出句子中的謂語6.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.

7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.Allofuslaughed!9.Whathesaidwasright.10.EightisaluckynumberinChina.謂語句子成分賓語賓語(object)：表示動作所涉及的對象，內(nèi)容或承受者,說明主語做什么。1Heisplayingthepiano.（名詞）2Heoftenhelpsme.（代詞）3HelikestowatchTV.（動詞不定式）4HelikeswatchingTV.（動詞ing）5.Idon'tknowwhatheistalking.（句子）賓語注意：it作形式賓語findit+adj/n.+todosth.（真正的賓語是todosth.）類似的還有think,believe,consider,regard,feel,make,suppose1.Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.2.Ithinkitmyhonortospeakhere.賓語Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.找出句子中的賓語賓語—雙賓語有些動詞可以接兩個賓語，即指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語，這兩個賓語稱為雙賓語。作直賓和間賓的一般是名詞和代詞Igavehimanapple.Igaveanappletohim.Mymotherboughtmeanewdress.Mymotherboughtanewdressforme.類似詞匯還有show,bring,read,pass,send,lend,tell,ask,leave,write,sing賓語—賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充說明賓語的身份，狀態(tài)，要做什么等?！百e語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”稱為復(fù)合賓語。1WecalledhimDongming.（名詞）

2Wesawhimplayingsoccer.（v-ing）3Wesawhim

playsoccer.（省to不定式）

4Wefoundmathdifficult.（形容詞）5Maryaskedmetohelpheryesterday.（todo）6.Myfatherhadhishaircut.（done）賓語—賓語補(bǔ)足語找出句子中的賓語補(bǔ)足語Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.句子成分表語表語(predicative):說明主語是什么或怎么樣，位于系動詞之后，構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語的身份，狀況，性質(zhì)，特征等。表語Iamateacher.（名詞）Iamten.（數(shù)詞）Hebecamerichandsuccessful.（形容詞）

Everyoneishere.（副詞）Theyareathomenow.（介詞短語）MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.（不定式）Thefactisthathepassedtheexam.（從句）找出句子中的表語表語找出句子中的表語表語句子成分1.Wanzhouisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Mybeefnoodlesishere.（名詞）3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.（代詞）4.ThemanunderthetreeismyEnglishteacher.（介詞短語）定語定語(attributive):修飾或限定名詞或代詞，可分為前置定語和后置定語5.Tomisalwaysthelaststudenttoleavetheclassroom.（todo）6.Mymotherboughtanew

washingmachineyesterday.（adj.&V-ing）7.ThemansittingatthebackisMr.Smith.8.Thegovernmentdecidedtorebuildthedamagedbridge.（done）9.IlikereadingthebookwrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.定語找出句