2021年北京市高考英語試卷（原卷版）含解析版

2021年北京市高考真題英語試卷

北京卷?英語

本試卷共11頁，共100分.考試時長90分鐘.

考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效.第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回.

第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括

號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

第一節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

Whydowedream?Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse11(idea).Dreamsmightbea

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題

sideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything12happenedduringtheday,

卡上將該項涂黑.

tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit13.(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,and

Recently,Itookatriphomebytrain.Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes,whokeptIa

yougetadream.

youngwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap.Tiiewoman'seyefellontheman'sface,andsheimmediately

B

lookeddownand2herscarf.

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括

Asthenightworeon,peoplebegantoclosetheireyes,buttheseatsweresouncomfortablethatonlyaveryheavy

號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

sleepercouldmanagetogetany3Thewomanlookedoverattheman.Hewasstillstaringather.Shelooked

Samisanin-real-lifestreamer(播主〉，andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday.Whileridinghisbike

backathimwithfireinhereyes.1wasbeginningtoget4too.

homeMacoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.Thepoor

Thetrainmovedon.Thelittleboywas5awakeonhismother'slap.butthewomandroppedofftosleep.A

womanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout15shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconvenience

momentlater,hebeganto6thehalf-openwindow-onelegwentoverit.Themanjumpedupand7the

storesothatshecould16(sate)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome.

childjustbeforehefellout.

C

The8wokeupthewoman.Sheseemedtobein9andthenrealitydawned(顯現(xiàn)).“Yourchild

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括

hasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow,“themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher..“SoI

號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

havebeenwatchingthewholetime."Thewomanwas10,andsowasI.

There17(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20

1.A.guidingB.botheringC.watchingD.monitoring

years,18(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From

2.A.adjustedB.changedC.packedD.waved

200()to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,19(result)inUSD2,970billionin

3.A.airB.joyC.spaceD.rest

economicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20(invest)

4.A.nervousB.embarrassedC.angryD.disappointed

5.A.almostB.stillC.hardlyD.evenindisasterprevention.

6A.dragB.climbC.knockD.push第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

7.A.grabbedB.rockedC.touchedD.picked

8.A.alarmB.quarrelC.riskD.noise閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂

9.A.sorrowB.reliefC.panicD.pain黑.

10.A.astonishedB.confusedC.concenicdD.inspired

Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,thenaninternship（實習(xí)）at23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?

UNESCOwillbeidealforyou.A.ContactUNESCOmanagers.B.Getaccesstothedatabase.

Whocanapply?C.Keepamotivationletterathand.D.Workinateamforsixmonths.

Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies：or.B

Ybuarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree.Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinfonnedaboutoursemester（學(xué)期）projectof

Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.volunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededour

Whataretherequirements?help,mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）.Myfirstimpressionof（heorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoing

Ybumustbeatleast20yearsold.tomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.

Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.Then,anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails,whichsomewhatinterestedme.Afterdoingsomeresearch,1

Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.believedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.When1wentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqi

Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.children.Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（絕望）andneedthatIjoinedthisproject

Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.withouthesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible,andmakethemintokits------onekit.one

Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?child.

Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday,whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinally

Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship.cametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywould

Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthetargeteventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths,IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceour

countrytortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,0（X）fortheprojectwascompleted.Whilemakingthekits,1realizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.1hadonly

internshipperiod.focusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon.Whenthekitswere

Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.completed,andreadytobesentoverseas,thewarmfeelingIhadwasone1wouldneverforget.

Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingou（theapplicationform.Inthebeginning,Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover,I

YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.WedonotrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife,butten.Withourefforts,tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurther

respondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixtheireducation.

months,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.24.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning?

21.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans.

A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscienceB.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.

B.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade.

C.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench

DItwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations.

D.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution

22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject?

A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage.A.ImagesofIraqichildren.B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.

B.Trainingincommunicationskills.C.Ateacher'sintroduction.D.Arepresentative'scomments.

C.Amedicalcertificateforwork.26.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento..

D.Financialsupportfortravel.A.becomeOICvolunteersB.furthertheireducation

C.studyinforeigncountriesD.influenceotherchildrenA.worriedB.puzzled

27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?C.surprisedD.scared

A.One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeundenated.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwoixls.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.

D.Hewhohesitatesislost.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.

CD.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.

Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastD

December:Policymakersand（herestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.ResearchersinmanyareasEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneasked

（情景）

haveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas"acrediblescenariothiscentury”.him.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today's

Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobal

state-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhat

collapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.

timeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking.

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolled

Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatif,insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimeto

pandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalso

ecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（二自奏）ofhumanlife?We'reincreasinglyaware

unthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.

ofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（調(diào)節(jié)）our

Theinternationalscholars5warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.actionsifwehope（oliveinbalance.Whatifourdefinitionoflimereflectedthat?

Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeveiydayRecently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthafsconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet,conditions

civilization.Amongthesignatories（簽署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe4<ecologicalfbotprint”thatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwanning.We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotal

concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.WiththecurrentflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges.We'veprogrammed

footprintofhumanity,*4itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainly

ittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureon

withinthiscentury/'Johnsonsaidinanemail.

average,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,you'llseetheoppositeeffect.

“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits“theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethe

Theclockregistersbothshort-tennirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics.It'sasortofobservatorythat

hopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm".Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Werevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（時間框架）,andallowsustowitnessthosechanges

allwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,

onoursmartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththe

Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）

planet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivated

Intheincurablefonnofhope.

tocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（執(zhí)著）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.twLet'slook

Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonatural

directlyintotheissueofcollapse?'theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestof

phenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,forinstance,peoplet*corrected,,officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardor

atroublingfuture.^^

backwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,

28.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"germane"inParagraph3probablymean?

rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswcYcdevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.

A.Scientific.B.Credible.

WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities：

C.Original.D.Relevant.

Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext.Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasits

29.Asfor（hepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.

purpose.theirheartratesandbloodpressure.38Ontheotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipants'stressand

31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?anxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.

A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.39Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor,whichis

B.Evetyonecandefinetimeontheirowntenns.whatmakesmusicsovaluable.

C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.

D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.

32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto.C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.

A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentD.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.

C.highlightanexperimentD.introduceanapproachE.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.

33.WhatCiinwelearnfromthispassage?F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.

A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife.G.Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.

B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems.

第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）

C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower.

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers'temporalframe.

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。

34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved,theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedor

A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime.