2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsLearning教學(xué)

ListeningUnit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsPRE-LISTENINGIsaacNewton1642～1727

英國(guó)物理學(xué)家

經(jīng)典物理學(xué)理論體系的建立者。

1665年創(chuàng)立微分；1666年開(kāi)始研究積分。1666年,開(kāi)始想到研究重力(gravity)問(wèn)題，蘋果落地的傳說(shuō)，也是在此時(shí)發(fā)生的軼事。其一生的重大科學(xué)思想是在這兩年期間（22至23歲）歲形成的。1669年，把《自然哲學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)原理》，《宇宙體系》)等手稿送到劍橋大學(xué)圖書館收藏。晚年研究宗教。ALBERTEINSTEIN（1879～1955）

質(zhì)量(m)和能量(E)的相當(dāng)性：E＝mc2

愛(ài)因斯坦在量子論、分子運(yùn)動(dòng)論、相對(duì)論(TheoryofRelativity)等物理學(xué)的三個(gè)不同領(lǐng)域取得了歷史性成就，特別是狹義相對(duì)論的建立和光量子論的提出，推動(dòng)了物理學(xué)理論的革命，他對(duì)社會(huì)進(jìn)步事業(yè)也有重要貢獻(xiàn)?；艚餬ornin1942

斯蒂芬·藿金是當(dāng)今科學(xué)界的一位傳奇性人物。這不僅僅因?yàn)樗且晃槐蛔u(yù)為繼愛(ài)因斯坦后最著名的科學(xué)思想家和最杰出的理論物理學(xué)家，還在于他是在常人無(wú)法想象的身體狀況下進(jìn)行研究和創(chuàng)造性工作的。blackhole黑洞

黑洞并非只是吞噬物質(zhì)。除了會(huì)在星系形成的過(guò)程中扮演重要角色外，在經(jīng)過(guò)一段相當(dāng)漫長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間后，黑洞也會(huì)把一些曾被它吸入的物質(zhì)信息向外界釋放出來(lái)。ListeningSummaryBiscorrectbecauseitgivesaclearideaofwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.SummaryAisnottrue.Thethreescientistswantedtoexplainhowtheuniverseworkedandnothowitbegan.SummaryCistoogeneralanddoesnotgiveenoughdetailaboutwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.Choosethebestsummary.IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingIdeaLargebodieshaveaforcewhichpullsthingstowardsthemInspacelargeobjectsmakespaceandtimebend;thelargertheobject,thefurtherspaceandtimebendsBlackholeshaveaverylargemassandpullthingstowardsthemtowardstheiredge.IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingDevelopmentThebiggertheobjectthestrongerthegravity.Timegoesslowerinverystronggravity.Ifyougoovertheedge,youcannotgetout;butifyoudonot,youmaybeabletoescape.THEORIESOFGRAVITYMichaelJonesoftheNewSpaceMagazineistalkingwithspacetravellerLiYanpingaboutchangesinthetheoryofgravity.LY=DrLiYanping

MJ=DrMichaelJonesListeningtextPart1MJ:Hello,DrLiYanping.It’ssogoodofyoutotalktome.Somestudentsaskuswhythingsalwaysfallbacktoearthifyouthrowthemupintheair.Couldyouexplainit?LY:Well,atfirstpeoplethoughtitwasbecausetheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Ofcoursethatwaswrong.OnedaylsaacNewtonwatchedanapplefalltotheground.HesaidthatsomethingelsemustbepullingtheapplebacktoEarth.Hecalledit“gravity”.MJ:Isee.Didpeopleaccepthisidea?LY:Theydid.Latertheyworkedoutthatbiggerobjects(likethesun)havestrongergravitythansmallerindeepspace,youcouldn’tfallbacktotheearth.You’rejusttoofaraway.Part2MJ:Doesitmeanthere’snogravityinspace?LY:No.Inaspaceshipyouwouldfeelthepullasitgotclosertosuchanobject.Youwouldtravelfasterandfastertowardsit.MJ:Untilyouhitit?LY:Notexactly.Youmaypassitveryfastandthenitwouldthrowyououtintospaceagain.Afterthatyouwouldslowdowntotheusualspeed.MJ:Howdoyouknowthis?LY:In1905Einsteinsaidthatinspacelargeobjectsmakespace-timebend;thelargertheobject,thefurtherspace-timebends.Sotimegoesslowerinverystronggravity.MJ:Whataboutblackholes?LY:That’saplaceinspacewhichhassuchastrongmassthatnothingcanescapefromitsgravity.Thereisakindofedgearoundthismass.Ifyoucrossoverthisedgearoundthismass.Ifyoucrossoverthisedge,it’simpossibleforyoutogetback.However,ifyoudon’tcrossthisedge,youcanstillescape.StephenHawkinghasdonealotofresearchintoblackholes.Hehasshownthatthey“spit”thingsoutaswellas“eat”them.ListeningonP62Whatspacetravelhastakenplacesofar?Whichcountrieshavesentpeopleintospace?Whathavetheyachieved?

楊利偉，男，漢族，遼寧綏中縣人，中共黨員，大學(xué)文化。1965年6月出生，1983年6月入伍，1988年9月入黨，現(xiàn)為中國(guó)人民解放軍航天員大隊(duì)三級(jí)航天員，正團(tuán)職，中校軍銜，1992年、1994年兩次榮立三等功。ListeningListentothetapeandwritedownthemainidea.Themainideaistheexcitementofspacetravelandthequalificationsandexperienceneededtobecomeanastronaut.QuestionsYangLiwei’sanswersWhenwasthemostexcitingmoment?Whatsurprisedhim?Whatdidhedo?Whenhisspaceshipliftedoffthegroundheknewhewasreallyonhiswayintospace.Thebeautyofspace.Hewatchedallhisinstrumentsandstayedcalm.ListentothePart1.InformationonYangLiweiEducationTrainingPhysicalqualitiesPersonalqualitiesHegothisdegree.Hetrainedfortenyearstoflyairplanesandthentoflyaspaceship.Smallerthan170cm,lessthan70kgCalm,mature,hard-workingListentothePart2.Answerkeyforexercise5:dreamed,young,wish,true,gradually,opportunity,loveLISTENINGTEXTANINTERVIEWWITHYANGLIWEIR=MrRenaultY=YangLiweiPart1

R:Thankyousomuch,MrYang,forcomingtotalktoustodayaboutyourexperienceinspace.

Y:Notatall.I’mhappytobehere.

R:Pleasecanyoutelluswhatwasyourmostexcitingmoment?

Y:Well,thatwaswhenthespaceshipbegantoliftofftheground.ThenIknewIwasreallyonmywayandthatChinawouldbecomethethirdcountrytosendpeopleintospace.

R:Didn’tyoufeelafraidatall?Y:No,becauseIwastrainednottoworry.SoIwatchedallmyinstrumentsandstayedcalm.

R:Whatsurprisedyou?Y:Thebeautyofspace.I’dneverrealizedhowlovelytheearthlookstillIwasgoingroundit.Part2R:Didyoualwayswanttobeanastronaut?

Y:Well,IdreamsofitwhenIwasyoung,butIneverthoughtmywishwouldcometrue.Itallhappenedgradually.FirstIgotmydegreeandthenItrainedfortenyearstoflyairplanesandthentoflyaspaceship.R:Soyouweretheperfectchoice!Butofcourseyouhadtoworkveryhard.Wouldyouliketogointospaceagain?Y:Yes,Iwouldiftherewasanopportunity.I’dlovetogotothemoononeday.

R:Ihopewe’llbetalkingtoyouagainafteryou’vefinishedthattrip!Goodbye,MrYang.Thankyoufortalkingtous.Y:Itwasmypleasure.AFTERLISTENINGTRUEORFALSE1.YangLiweibecameanastronautbychance.2.Nobodyover170cmcanbeanastronaut.3.YangLiweitrainedfor10yearstobecomeapilot.FFTInformationonYangLiweiTheexamshepassedExperiencePhysicalqualitiesExcellentdegreeand10years’trainingPilotfortheairforceofthePLASmallerthan170cm,lessthan70kgLISTENINGTASK

1.WhydidLiYanpinghavetorepairtheHubbletelescope?Itneededcleaningsothatitwouldworkbetter.2.Whichtwowaysdoeshisspacesuitprotecthiminspace?Itcarriesoxygen.Itcarrieshotandcoldwatertowarmhimifit’stoocoldandcoolhimifit’stoohot.3.Howdoeshemoveaboutinspace?Heusedsmallengines.4.Whatdoesitfeellikeinspace?Strangebecauseyoudonotweighanything.Youcanflyaroundlikefeathers.5.Whathappensifyouflytoofarfromthespaceship?Youwouldcontinueintospaceandnevergetbacktothespaceship.6.Wastherepairsuccessful?Yes.TheHubbletelescopeworkswellnow.oxygencanGravityboots

WatersystemRightengineToolkitLeftengineLISTENINGTEXT

W=WallisL=LiYanpingW:MrLiYanping,wouldyoupleasetellusaboutyourfirstspacewalk?L:Yes.Iwouldbeveryhappytodoso.WerepairedtheHubbletelescope.W:Oh,andisthatwhenyoudidyourspacewalk?L:Yes.W:Howdidyouprepareforit?

L:Firstwehadtogetintospacesuits.They’reverythickandcarryalltheoxygenweneedtobreathe.Thesuitalsohashotandcoldwatersoitcanwarmusifit’stoocoldorcoolusifit’stoohot.Soit’sveryheavy.W:Isitdangeroustoleavethespaceship?L:Yes,indeed.Whenweleave,wegointoasmallroom.Wehavetoweargravitybootstowalkthere.Weclosethedoorbehindusandthenwecanopenthedoortospace.Thenourgravitybootsstopworkingandwecanflyoutofthedoor.W:Howdoyougetabou