2022年高考英語語法之一

2022年高考英語語法之一.非謂語動詞-todo由來、形式、本質(zhì)形式todo（主被動）一tobedone（一般式）tobedoing—X（進行式）tohavedone（主被動）—tohavebeendone（完成式）本質(zhì):n.adj.adv.12功能、出題特性.狀語（eg:Cutdownalittleforsuppertoloseweight1.目的：句首/句中一為了，來，以便…1212原因：表示情感的形容詞behappy/sorry/astonishedtodo（驚訝的）結(jié)果：onlytodo表“出乎意料的結(jié)果"beadj.+enoughtodo.定語名詞后表將來Heislockingforahousetolivein1.2212固定搭配:theability/attempt/chance/oppotunity/desire/waytodo1222唯一最后（被序數(shù)詞、最高級或noallany等）：theonly/thefirst/thegreatest/thenexttodo.賓語固定搭配：refuse/manage/want/hesitate/mean/continue/used/seem/regret/struggle/threatentodo1232形式賓語：find/think/consider/feel+it+n./adj.+todogrettodo（遺憾去做）/doing（后悔做了）antodo（打算）/doing（意味著）.補語（賓補）固定搭配：allow/permit/persuade/require/invite/encourage/remind/recommend+somebodytodo1242感官動詞/使役動詞：sb.beseen/befound/beheard/bemadetodossaidthatsb.dosth（據(jù)說某人??.）sb.issaidtodosth（某人句首??.）sb.beconsidered/bebelieved/bethought/bereported+todo.主語1.2.5.1.It's/wasadj.for（對于）sb.todo/of（品質(zhì)）sb.todo1252句型：It'stakestime/fffort/energytodosth12521.注意:It'snousedoing1.2.5.2.2.It'sawasteofmoney/timedoing（It's+a/an+n.+todo）126.表語1.2.6.1.Myjobistoteach1262固定：betoblame/wish/idea/task/purpose/duty1.3.符號：帶to/不帶to1.3.1.Iofenhearhimsingthesong（某些使役動詞或感官動詞）謂語v.為被動時要加to1.feel2.listento/hear1.3.1.3.make/have/let4.see/watch/observe/100kat/noticehadbetterdosthWhynotdosth?wouldratherdothando/prefertodoratherthando在but/except/besides后時，有do無to,有to無do1.4.主動表被動句子主語與不定式是主動關系Wehavealotofworktodobe+adj.+todoThewaterisnotsuitableforpeopletodrink疑問代詞+todoWhattodonexthasn'tbeendecidedtobeblameJimistoblamefortheaccident當不定式的邏輯主語不清楚，且在語意上無大區(qū)別todo/tobedone2.定語從句的擴展及補充定義：在句中起定語的作用分類限制性定語從句Thisisthelpacewhichisworthvisiting222,非限制性定語從句Lookattheplacewhichisworthvisiting關系詞關系代詞Thisistheplacewhich/thatisworthvisitingPeoplewho/thatarewillingtoattendtheparty,signherepleaseThieisthemanwhosehousehasburneddownThemanwho/whom/thatyoumetismyfriendThisisthesamebookaswasboughtbefore2.32關系副詞Thetimewhen/in、onwhichwegottogetherfinallycameShaiHaiisthecitywhere/in、atwhichYaoMingareboinPleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappyThegasiscalledoxygen,withoutwhichwecannotliveWegottotheriagefromwherewehadfantasticviews特殊情況只有that不用which當先行詞被all/everything/nothing/anything/littlemuch等不定代詞修飾時，只能用that.1.1.Tellmeeverythingthatyouknow當先行詞被adj.最高級修飾時，只能用thatThisisthemosebeautifulcitythatIvisited當先行詞既包括人又包括物時Hehasn'tsentustheworkersandequipmentthatweneed當先行詞被very/both/theonly/all/every/noway/little/much/some修飾時，只用thatThisistheonlycoatthatIhave當主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時，只用thatWhichisthecoatthatyoulikebest?當關系代詞在從句中作表語時，只用thatYourdiseaseisnotthecasethatitusedtobeAs與which引導非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別which:這；那，可修飾句子也可修飾先行詞，只能放在句中。Heoftencomestoschoollate,whichmakehisteachangryas:正如，只能修飾句子，放主句主前、之中、之后。Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesunasisknowtoallasisoftenthecaseasissaidbeoreasweexpected=aswasexpectedasisreported介詞+which/whon中介詞如何確定可根據(jù)先行詞的搭配來確定介詞Thereisadictionaryinwhichwecanlookupthenewword2.4.32可根據(jù)固定搭配來確定介詞2.4.3.2.1.Howsheneedsapersontowhonsheshouldturnforhelp243.3.可根據(jù)整個句子的句意來確定2.4.3.3.1.Thegasiscalledoxygen,withoutwhichwecan'tlive3.被動語態(tài)的延展各種語態(tài)Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+doneTheglasswasbrokenbyme一般過去時：was/were+doneThemeetingwillbeholdat8:00amtomorrow一般將來時：willbedoneTheplanisbeingcarriedoutsuccessfully現(xiàn)在進行時：an/is/are+beingdoneHercarwasbeingwashedatthattime過去進行時：was/were+beingdoneAlltheworkhasbeenfinishedbynow現(xiàn)在完成時：have/hasbeendoneTheyhadbeenwarnedmanytimesbeforetheycarriedouttheplan過去完成時：hadbeendoneTheworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth將來完成時：willhavebeendonemanage一般現(xiàn)在時：manage am/is/aremanage過去時：managed was/weremanaged一般將來時：willmanage shall/willbemanaged過去進行時：was/were/managing was/werebeingmanaged現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/aremanaging am/is/arebeingmanaged現(xiàn)在完成時：have/hasmanaged has/havebeenmanaged過去完成時：hadmanaged hadbeenmanaged將來完成時：willhavemanaged shall/willhavebeenmanaged32特殊情況.否定：助/情/系+口。1wasdisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadovtor'sdegree.動詞復合結(jié)構變被動時，謂語變被動，其他保留sawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganythingwasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything3.2.2.3.seesb.doing/do3.2.3.make/let/hear/see等主動+（to）do被動+todo3.2.3.1.Thewordsmademefeelexcited3.2.3.2.Iwasmadetofeelexcitedbythewords3.2.4丫.的雙賓結(jié)構變被動，直賓、間賓都可做主語3.2.4.1.Myfatheristellingmeastorynow3.2.4.2.Ianbeingtoldastorybymyfathernow/Astoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfather325.含介詞/副詞的動詞短語變被動后，介詞/副詞不能丟PeopleoftenloughatthestrangemanThestrangemanisoftenlaughedat/bypeoplebeingdone與邏輯主語構成被動關系doing——beingdonedon'tlikelaughingatothersdon'tlikebeinglaughedatbyothers3.32形式一般式beingdone同時發(fā)生或之后weapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousebeingbuilt完成式havingbeendone先于謂語發(fā)生3.3.2.2.1.Havingbeensurroundedforamonth,theenergyhadtogivein成分Beingexposedtothesunforlongdoseharmtotheskin主語Hecouldn'tbearbeingmadefunof賓語Thequestionisfarfrombeingsettled表語Themeetingbeingheldisaboutoursalary定語You'llfindtheproblembeingdiscussed賓補Havingbeensurrounded,hehadtogivein狀語doing表被動意義3.341.當系/感官或不及物動詞用being表被動3.3.4.1.1.T