2022年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之一

2022年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之一.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-todo由來、形式、本質(zhì)形式todo（主被動(dòng)）一tobedone（一般式）tobedoing—X（進(jìn)行式）tohavedone（主被動(dòng)）—tohavebeendone（完成式）本質(zhì):n.adj.adv.12功能、出題特性.狀語(yǔ)（eg:Cutdownalittleforsuppertoloseweight1.目的：句首/句中一為了，來，以便…1212原因：表示情感的形容詞behappy/sorry/astonishedtodo（驚訝的）結(jié)果：onlytodo表“出乎意料的結(jié)果"beadj.+enoughtodo.定語(yǔ)名詞后表將來Heislockingforahousetolivein1.2212固定搭配:theability/attempt/chance/oppotunity/desire/waytodo1222唯一最后（被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或noallany等）：theonly/thefirst/thegreatest/thenexttodo.賓語(yǔ)固定搭配：refuse/manage/want/hesitate/mean/continue/used/seem/regret/struggle/threatentodo1232形式賓語(yǔ)：find/think/consider/feel+it+n./adj.+todogrettodo（遺憾去做）/doing（后悔做了）antodo（打算）/doing（意味著）.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（賓補(bǔ)）固定搭配：allow/permit/persuade/require/invite/encourage/remind/recommend+somebodytodo1242感官動(dòng)詞/使役動(dòng)詞：sb.beseen/befound/beheard/bemadetodossaidthatsb.dosth（據(jù)說某人??.）sb.issaidtodosth（某人句首??.）sb.beconsidered/bebelieved/bethought/bereported+todo.主語(yǔ)1.2.5.1.It's/wasadj.for（對(duì)于）sb.todo/of（品質(zhì)）sb.todo1252句型：It'stakestime/fffort/energytodosth12521.注意:It'snousedoing1.2.5.2.2.It'sawasteofmoney/timedoing（It's+a/an+n.+todo）126.表語(yǔ)1.2.6.1.Myjobistoteach1262固定：betoblame/wish/idea/task/purpose/duty1.3.符號(hào)：帶to/不帶to1.3.1.Iofenhearhimsingthesong（某些使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞）謂語(yǔ)v.為被動(dòng)時(shí)要加to1.feel2.listento/hear1.3.1.3.make/have/let4.see/watch/observe/100kat/noticehadbetterdosthWhynotdosth?wouldratherdothando/prefertodoratherthando在but/except/besides后時(shí)，有do無(wú)to,有to無(wú)do1.4.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)句子主語(yǔ)與不定式是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Wehavealotofworktodobe+adj.+todoThewaterisnotsuitableforpeopletodrink疑問代詞+todoWhattodonexthasn'tbeendecidedtobeblameJimistoblamefortheaccident當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚，且在語(yǔ)意上無(wú)大區(qū)別todo/tobedone2.定語(yǔ)從句的擴(kuò)展及補(bǔ)充定義：在句中起定語(yǔ)的作用分類限制性定語(yǔ)從句Thisisthelpacewhichisworthvisiting222,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Lookattheplacewhichisworthvisiting關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞Thisistheplacewhich/thatisworthvisitingPeoplewho/thatarewillingtoattendtheparty,signherepleaseThieisthemanwhosehousehasburneddownThemanwho/whom/thatyoumetismyfriendThisisthesamebookaswasboughtbefore2.32關(guān)系副詞Thetimewhen/in、onwhichwegottogetherfinallycameShaiHaiisthecitywhere/in、atwhichYaoMingareboinPleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappyThegasiscalledoxygen,withoutwhichwecannotliveWegottotheriagefromwherewehadfantasticviews特殊情況只有that不用which當(dāng)先行詞被all/everything/nothing/anything/littlemuch等不定代詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that.1.1.Tellmeeverythingthatyouknow當(dāng)先行詞被adj.最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用thatThisisthemosebeautifulcitythatIvisited當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)Hehasn'tsentustheworkersandequipmentthatweneed當(dāng)先行詞被very/both/theonly/all/every/noway/little/much/some修飾時(shí)，只用thatThisistheonlycoatthatIhave當(dāng)主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，只用thatWhichisthecoatthatyoulikebest?當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用thatYourdiseaseisnotthecasethatitusedtobeAs與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別which:這；那，可修飾句子也可修飾先行詞，只能放在句中。Heoftencomestoschoollate,whichmakehisteachangryas:正如，只能修飾句子，放主句主前、之中、之后。Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesunasisknowtoallasisoftenthecaseasissaidbeoreasweexpected=aswasexpectedasisreported介詞+which/whon中介詞如何確定可根據(jù)先行詞的搭配來確定介詞Thereisadictionaryinwhichwecanlookupthenewword2.4.32可根據(jù)固定搭配來確定介詞2.4.3.2.1.Howsheneedsapersontowhonsheshouldturnforhelp243.3.可根據(jù)整個(gè)句子的句意來確定2.4.3.3.1.Thegasiscalledoxygen,withoutwhichwecan'tlive3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的延展各種語(yǔ)態(tài)Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+doneTheglasswasbrokenbyme一般過去時(shí)：was/were+doneThemeetingwillbeholdat8:00amtomorrow一般將來時(shí)：willbedoneTheplanisbeingcarriedoutsuccessfully現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：an/is/are+beingdoneHercarwasbeingwashedatthattime過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+beingdoneAlltheworkhasbeenfinishedbynow現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeendoneTheyhadbeenwarnedmanytimesbeforetheycarriedouttheplan過去完成時(shí)：hadbeendoneTheworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth將來完成時(shí)：willhavebeendonemanage一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：manage am/is/aremanage過去時(shí)：managed was/weremanaged一般將來時(shí)：willmanage shall/willbemanaged過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were/managing was/werebeingmanaged現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/aremanaging am/is/arebeingmanaged現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasmanaged has/havebeenmanaged過去完成時(shí)：hadmanaged hadbeenmanaged將來完成時(shí)：willhavemanaged shall/willhavebeenmanaged32特殊情況.否定：助/情/系+口。1wasdisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadovtor'sdegree.動(dòng)詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)，其他保留sawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganythingwasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything3.2.2.3.seesb.doing/do3.2.3.make/let/hear/see等主動(dòng)+（to）do被動(dòng)+todo3.2.3.1.Thewordsmademefeelexcited3.2.3.2.Iwasmadetofeelexcitedbythewords3.2.4丫.的雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)，直賓、間賓都可做主語(yǔ)3.2.4.1.Myfatheristellingmeastorynow3.2.4.2.Ianbeingtoldastorybymyfathernow/Astoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfather325.含介詞/副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)后，介詞/副詞不能丟PeopleoftenloughatthestrangemanThestrangemanisoftenlaughedat/bypeoplebeingdone與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系doing——beingdonedon'tlikelaughingatothersdon'tlikebeinglaughedatbyothers3.32形式一般式beingdone同時(shí)發(fā)生或之后weapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousebeingbuilt完成式havingbeendone先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生3.3.2.2.1.Havingbeensurroundedforamonth,theenergyhadtogivein成分Beingexposedtothesunforlongdoseharmtotheskin主語(yǔ)Hecouldn'tbearbeingmadefunof賓語(yǔ)Thequestionisfarfrombeingsettled表語(yǔ)Themeetingbeingheldisaboutoursalary定語(yǔ)You'llfindtheproblembeingdiscussed賓補(bǔ)Havingbeensurrounded,hehadtogivein狀語(yǔ)doing表被動(dòng)意義3.341.當(dāng)系/感官或不及物動(dòng)詞用being表被動(dòng)3.3.4.1.1.T