山東大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《211翻譯碩士英語》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2015年山東大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Vocabularyandgrammar(30points)Directions:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.1.We’llbeverycarefulandkeepwhatyou’vetoldusstrictly_____.A.privateB.rigorousC.mysteriousD.confidential【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我們會很小心，把你告訴我們的話嚴(yán)格保密。confidential保密的。private私人的，私有的。rigorous嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的。mysterious神秘的。2.Beforeeveryboardmeeting,itiscustomaryforthe_____ofthepreviousmeetingtobereadout.A.minutesB.précisC.notesD.protocol【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：每次董事會召開之前，通常都要宣讀上次的會議記錄。minutes會議記錄。précis摘要。notes筆記。protocol法案，議案。3.Hewasbarredfromtheclubforrefusingto_____withtherules.A.conformB.abideC.adhereD.comply【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：他因拒絕遵守規(guī)則被趕出了俱樂部?？疾靹釉~詞組固定搭配，四個詞均表示“遵守”之意，但與之搭配的介詞不同。conformto遵守。abideby遵守。adhereto遵守。complywith遵守。4.Althoughtheheavyrainstopped,itwasatleastanhourlaterthatthefloodbeganto_____.A.retireB.recedeC.reclineD.retreat【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：盡管大雨停了，但至少還要一小時后洪水才開始消退。recede（洪水）退下。retire退休。recline向后靠，斜倚。retreat撤退。5.Thatancientcarofhisisa_____jokeamonghisfriends.A.steadyB.standingC.settledD.stable【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：那輛老汽車是他朋友間的一個老笑話。astandingjoke為習(xí)慣用法，意為“老笑話”。6.Theythrewpetrolontothebonfireandthesudden_____litupthewholegarden.A.glowB.twinkleC.sparkD.flare【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他們把汽油澆到篝火上，躥出的火焰照亮了整個花園。flare火焰。glow灼熱，發(fā)光。twinkle（星星、眼睛等）閃耀，閃爍。spark火星，火花。7.Thehumanvoiceoftensounds_____onthetelephone.A.twistedB.irregularC.distortedD.deformed【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：電話里人們的聲音聽起來經(jīng)常會有些失真。distorted變形的，失真的。twisted扭曲的。irregular不規(guī)則的。deformed畸形的。8.Ialwaysfeelhehasa_____againstme,althoughIdon’tknowwhatwrongI’vedonehim.A.grudgeB.grumbleC.gruntD.groan【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我總覺得她對我懷恨在心,但是我不知道自己是什么地方得罪了她。grudge表示“怨恨，惡意，妒忌”，側(cè)重行動。grumble表示“怨言”，側(cè)重指言語。grunt咕噥，呼嚕聲。groan呻吟，嘆息，吱嘎聲。9.It’sharmfultoone’shealthto_____smokinganddrinking.A.takeonB.taketoC.takeinD.takedown【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：吸煙喝酒有害身體健康。動詞詞組辨析。taketo喜歡；走向；開始從事。takeon承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)。takein領(lǐng)會；欺騙；吸收。takedown記下；拿下。10.Teacherslikestudentstobe_____andlistentowhattheyaresaying.A.absorbedB.attentiveC.prudentD.watchful【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：老師們喜歡學(xué)生更加專注一些，并能聽取他們所講的內(nèi)容。attentive留意的，注意的。強(qiáng)調(diào)注意力的集中，故符合題意，所以選B項(xiàng)。absorbed被吸收的；被吸引的。prudent謹(jǐn)慎的；精明的；節(jié)儉的。watchful注意的；警惕的；警醒的。11.Thosenaughtyboyswerepunishedbecausetheywerecaught_____flowersinthegarden.A.stealB.tostealC.stealingD.tohavestolen【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：那些調(diào)皮的男孩受到了懲罰，因?yàn)樗麄儽蛔惨娫诨▓@里偷花。sb.becaughtdoingsth.表示“碰上、撞見、發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事”，其主動結(jié)構(gòu)為catchsb.doingsth.。12.MissSmithreturnedhomequitelatethatnightonly_____someonehadbrokenintohergarageandstolenhercar.A.findingB.tofindC.havingfoundD.tohavefound【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：史密斯小姐那天晚上很晚才到家，回家后竟然發(fā)現(xiàn)有人闖入車庫偷走了她的車。考察語法。only與todo不定式結(jié)構(gòu)連用，表示一種令人出乎意料的結(jié)果。據(jù)此排除A項(xiàng)，C項(xiàng)。因?yàn)閒ind這個動作發(fā)生在return之后，無需使用完成時態(tài)，所以排除D項(xiàng)，故B項(xiàng)最符合題意。13.He_____liveinthecountrysidethaninthecity.A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.mayaswellD.prefers【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他寧愿住在鄉(xiāng)下，不愿住在城里。wouldratherdosth.thandosth.為固定搭配，表示“寧愿做某事不愿做某事”。14.______asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.A.BeingpublishedB.PublishedC.PublishingD.Tobepublished【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：盡管他的作品在這樣一個時間出版，但仍然受到了很大關(guān)注?？疾煺Z法。public與其邏輯主語hiswork之間是被動關(guān)系，故排除C選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意，他的作品已被出版，不是正在出版或?qū)⒁霭妫逝懦鼳、D兩項(xiàng)。所以選B項(xiàng)。15.Anewspaper_____willsometimesbedistributedfreewithnewspaper.A.complementB.supplementC.complimentD.implement【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：報(bào)紙副刊有時會隨報(bào)紙免費(fèi)發(fā)放。詞義辨析題。supplement補(bǔ)充物；增刊，副刊。complement補(bǔ)語；余角；補(bǔ)足物。compliment恭維，稱贊。implement工具，器具；手段。16.She_____herpersonaltroubletohermother.A.conferredB.confidedC.confessedD.confined【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：她向媽媽吐露自己的個人問題。confide吐露；委托。confer授予，給予。confess懺悔；供認(rèn)。confine限制；禁閉。17.Thenovelissopopularthatthereisnooneinourclass_____likestoreadit.A.whoB.thatC.asD.but【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：這本小說非常受歡迎，班上沒有人不喜歡看。but表示“除了，除……外”，符合句意。who，that，as用在句中均引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“班上沒人喜歡讀”，顯然與前半句“這本小說很受歡迎”矛盾，故排除A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)。18.Thesailorsonashiparea_____.A.crewB.teamC.staffD.gang【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：船上的水手們被稱之為船員。crew全體船員。team隊(duì)；組。staff職員。gang表示“一伙；一組”，指以某種方式結(jié)合的一群人，如犯人、奴隸等的一群或者罪犯、流氓、匪徒等的一幫。19.Itisnotcorrecttosayapackof_____.A.cardsB.liesC.houndsD.cows【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：謊話連篇是不對的。apackoflies為固定搭配，意思為“謊話連篇，一派胡言”。20.Acarbrokendowninthemiddleoftheroadis_____.A.anobstacleB.anobstructionC.ahindranceD.adifficulty【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：在馬路中間拋錨的汽車是一大障礙。近義詞辨析。hindrance表示“妨礙；妨害；阻礙物”，強(qiáng)調(diào)會妨礙影響其他事情，此題汽車若在馬路中間，必然會對交通造成影響，所以符合題意。obstacle表示“障礙，干擾；妨害物”，強(qiáng)調(diào)難以跨越。obstruction表示“障礙；障礙物”，僅強(qiáng)調(diào)堵塞這一現(xiàn)象。difficulty困難。Ⅱ.Readingcomprehension(40points)Section1Multiplechoice(20points)Directions:Inthissectiontherearereadingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.PassageATheimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto”aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe“howto”materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice,suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodemWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.21.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat_____.A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalismB.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewingC.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportancetojournalisticinterviewingD.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews22.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral_____.A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthenedB.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattentionC.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglectedD.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing23.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,_____.A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromitB.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomedayC.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofitD.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson24.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicalinterview?A.Thepatient.B.Thephysician.C.Thejournalist.D.Thepsychologist.25.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof_____.A.anewsarticleB.ajournalisticinterviewC.aresearchreportD.apreface【答案與解析】21.B 第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice”也就是說新聞學(xué)像其他領(lǐng)域一樣，對它的系統(tǒng)研究能使我們學(xué)到很多東西。本段第二句也說到現(xiàn)在很多新聞學(xué)文獻(xiàn)或書籍強(qiáng)調(diào)的是怎么做新聞采訪，而不是幫我們了解采訪的概念、情境和意義。第三句說到這些指導(dǎo)怎么做新聞采訪的書籍也都是基于個人經(jīng)驗(yàn)和印象。所以可以看出，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該重視對新聞采訪這一領(lǐng)域的系統(tǒng)研究。故答案為B。22.C 由第二段第四句“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.”可知，有很多關(guān)于采訪的一般性文獻(xiàn)，但是很遺憾的是，這些文獻(xiàn)幾乎都沒有講到新聞采訪，說明新聞采訪這個領(lǐng)域被忽視了。故答案為C。23.D 文章第二段倒數(shù)第三句說，“然而，我們之中很少有人真正地受到過媒體的采訪，尤其是電視采訪?！庇纱丝梢?，西方人雖然對新聞采訪很熟悉，但是大多數(shù)人都未被采訪過。故答案為D。24.A 第二段第六句“Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.”也就是說clinicalinterview是由醫(yī)生physician和心理醫(yī)生psychologist實(shí)施的，所以指的是診斷面談，即面診。所以被面談?wù)弋?dāng)然是病人。故答案為A。25.D 文末“...trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates...”意思是說要想真正認(rèn)識新聞采訪，需要分析和研究，正如這本書里所講。可以推斷本文是某書籍的序言。故答案為D。PassageBEngineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolIwantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotsofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat’snotwhatIdid.Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitythatdoesn’tevenofferamajorinelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren’tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.IheadedofftocollegesureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering“factories”wheretheydidn’tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.NowI’mnotsosure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberalartscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudentstrytoreconcileengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon’tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallytheyshapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestruggletoreconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.26.Theauthorchosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitybecausehe_____.A.intendedtobeasensiblestudentwithnobleidealsB.wantedtobeanexampleofpracticalityandrationalityC.intendedtobeacombinationofengineerandhumanistD.wantedtocoordinateengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege27.Accordingtotheauthor,byinteractingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,engineeringstudentscan_____.A.broadentheirhorizonsB.becomenobleidealistsC.receiveguidanceintheircareersD.balanceengineeringandtheliberalarts28.Intheeyesoftheauthor,asuccessfulengineeringstudentisexpected_____.A.tobeimaginativewithavaluesystemtoguidehimB.tobeatechnicalgeniuswithawidevisionC.tohaveanexcellentacademicrecordD.tobewiseandmature29.Theauthor’sexperienceshowsthathewas_____.A.creativeB.irrationalC.ambitiousD.unrealistic30.Theunderlinedword“they”in“...togethertheythreatentoconfuse.”(Para.5)refersto_____.A.practicalityandrationalityB.engineeringandtheliberalartsC.realityandnobleidealsD.flexibilityandavaluesystem【答案與解析】26.C 第三段最后一句“Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.”說明作者既想成為一個技術(shù)人才又想成為人文主義者，合二為一。故答案為C。27.A 文章第二段“Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren’tstudyingscienceorengineering.”中expandmyvision與選項(xiàng)A的broadentheirhorizons屬于同義替代。故答案為A。28.B 第三段最后一句“Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.”第一段中也說到作者想和文科學(xué)生交流，開闊眼界。故答案為B。29.D 第二段第二句“...thiswasnotapracticalchoice...”，可以看出作者知道去文科院校學(xué)工程專業(yè)的選擇不實(shí)際unrealistic。故答案為D。30.B they是代詞，一定是指代前面句子中提到的對象，定位到最后一段第一句“...engineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon’tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.”說明工程學(xué)和人文學(xué)科是不相融的。本句中togethertheythreaten融合到一起就會形成威脅，與前文意思相對應(yīng)。故答案為B。Section2Answeringquestions(20points)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.UseonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERSHEET.Questions31-32HalfacenturyagoaradioastronomercalledFrankDrakethoughtofawaytocalculatethelikelihoodofestablishingcontactwithaliens.Hesuggestedthefollowingfiguresshouldbemultiplied:howmanystarsareformedinthegalaxyinayear;whatfractionofthesehaveplanetsandthusformsolarsystems;theaveragenumberofplanetspersolarsystemthathavethepotentialtosupportlife;onwhatpercentageofthosewhereitispossibledosuchbiospheresactuallyform;whatpercentageofsuchbiospheresgiverisetointelligentspecies;whatpercentageofintelligentlifeisabletotransmitsignalsintospace;andforhowlongcouldsuchintelligencekeepssendingsignals.ThiscalculationbecamecelebratedastheDrakeequation—perhapsthebestattemptsofartotameawildguess.Mostofthetermsremainhardtotiedown,althoughthereisaconsensusthatabouttenstarsareformedperyearinthegalaxy.Also,recentsearchesforextrasolarplanetshaveconcludedthatplanetsarenotrare.AttheAAAS,DrDrakereflectedonhissearchforaliensignals.Onereasonthisishardisthatradiotelescopesmustchopthespectrumintofineportionstostudyit,liketuningintoasignalonacarradio.Anotheristhetradeoffbetweenatelescope’sfieldofviewanditsmagnification.Smalltelescopesseealotofskybutcandetectonlystrongsignals.Largeones,whichcandetectweaksignals,haveanarrowfocus.Astronomersthereforehavedifficultylookingbothcarefullyandcomprehensively.DrDrakesaidtheremaybeanotherdifficulty.Researcherstendtolookforsignalssimilartothosenowmadebyhumanity.TheEarth,though,isgettingquieterbecausetheriseofspread-spectrumcommunicationmakesstrayemissionslesslikelythaninthepast.Spread-spectrumworksbysmearingamessageacrossawiderangeoffrequencies.Thathastheadvantagesofcombatingnoiseandallowingmanysignalstobesentatonce.Butitalsomakesthosesignalshardforeavesdropperstohear(whichiswhyspread-spectrumisbelovedbymilitarymen).Iftechnologicallysophisticatedalienscametothesameconclusions,andthususedspread-spectrumtechnology,humanswouldhaveahardtimehearingthem.DrDrakesuggests,therefore,thattheremightbeonlyanarrowwindowoftimeinthedevelopmentofcivilizations,analogoustothepast50yearsonEarth,duringwhichnoisyelectromagneticsignalsaregeneratedinlargeamounts.Itis,however,alsopossiblethatsomeoneisactivelytryingtosendsignalstotheEarth.Ifthatwerethecase,thebestwaytodothis,reckonsPaulHorowitz,aphysicistatHarvard,iswithalaser.Althoughradiopowerhaschangedlittleoverthedecades,thepoweroflasershasgrownexponentially.Today’smostpowerfulversionscanshinetenthousandtimesbrighterthanthesun,thoughonlyforabillionthofasecond.Ifalienshavemadesimilarprogress,andpointalasertowardstheEarth’ssolarsystem,suchbriefflasheswouldbedetectableatadistanceofmanytight-years.DrHorowitzhasalreadysetuponesuitabledetectorandthis,becausenohugemagnificationisinvolved,iscapableoflookingatbroadswathesofsky.Thereisalsopotentialforimprovementontheradioside.Formanyyears,theArecibotelescopeinPuertoRico,whichis300metresacross,hasledthesearchforalienlife.NowtheChinesearebuildinga500-metretelescope,knownasFAST,inGuizhouprovince,andaninternationalcollaborationcalledtheSquareKilometerArrayistrying,asitsnamesuggests,tobuildagridofradio-telescopesoverasquarekilometeroflandineitherSouthAfricaorAustralia.Bothmaybehelpful.AsindeedmayalargenewtelescopeinnorthernCaliforniabuiltbyPaulAllen,aco-founderofMicrosoft.ManyofthetermsintheDrakeequationarelikelytoremainelusive,soitisstillimpossibletopredicthowlikelysucheffortsaretosucceed.Butevenafter50fruitlessyears—iftheeagernessintheeyesofDrDrakeandhiscolleaguesisanyguide—itstillisfunlooking.31.WhatisDrakeequation?32.Whatdifficultiesarethereinscientists’searchforalienlivesthroughradiowaves?【答案與解析】31.DrakeequationreferstoawayproposedbyFrankDraketocalculatethelikelihoodofestablishingcontactwithaliens.Drakeequationneedstomultiplythefollowingfigures:howmanystarsareformedinthegalaxyinayear;whatfractionofthesehaveplanetsandthusformsolarsystems;theaveragenumberofplanetspersolarsystemthathavethepotentialtosupportlife;onwhatpercentageofthosewhereitispossibledosuchbiospheresactuallyform;whatpercentageofsuchbiospheresgiverisetointelligentspecies;whatpercentageofintelligentlifeisabletotransmitsignalsintospace;andforhowlongcouldsuchintelligencekeepssendingsignals.（Drakeequation的定義主要集中在第一段。）32.Thedifficultiesforscientiststosearchforalienlivesthroughradiowavesareasfollows.Firstly,radiotelescopesmustchopthespectrumintofineportionstostudyit,liketuningintoasignalonacarradio.Secondly,thetradeoffbetweenatelescope’sfieldofviewanditsmagnificationneedstobeachieved.Thirdly,theriseofspread-spectrumcommunicationmakesthosesignalshardtohear.（第三段介紹了使用無線電波探測外星生物面臨其中兩個困難。第四段介紹了第三個困難，并且在第五段對此困難進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明。）Questions33-35Inmostoftheearliestbooksforchildren,illustrationswereanafterthought.ButintheCaldecott“toybooks”(namedaftertheBritishillustratorRandolphCaldecott),whichfirstappearedin1878,theywerealmostasimportantasthelinesoftext,andoccupiedfarmorespaceinthebook.Onecanalmostreadthestoryfromthedramaticactioninthepictures.Sincethen,thousandsofsuccessfulpicturebookshavebeenpublishedintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.Inthebest,thewordsandillustrationsseemtocomplementeachotherperfectly.Oftenasinglepersonisresponsibleforbothwritingandillustratingthebook.Oneofthegreatest,andcertainlyoneofthemostsuccessful,illustrator-authorswasDr.Seuss,whoserealnamewasTheodoreCeisel.Hisfirstchildren’sbook,AndtoThinkThatIsawItonMulberryStreet,hitthemarketin1937,andtheworldofchildren’sliteraturewaschangedforever.Seuss’splayfuldrawingwereaperfectcomplementtohisengagingstoriesandunforgettablecharacters,in1957,Seuss’sTheCatintheHatbecamethefirstbookinRandomHouse’sbest-sellingseries,BeginnerBooks,writtenbySeussandseveralotherauthors.Thesecombineoutrageousillustrationsofpeople,creatures,andplants,andplayfulstorieswritteninverysimplelanguage.(TheCatintheHat,forexample,usesonly250words,whichisanestimateofthenumberofwordsthatasix-year-oldcanread.)Dr.Seussisnottheonlywell-knownauthor-illustrator,ofcourse.ThereisMaxSendak,whowroteandillustratedWheretheWildThingsAre,thestoryofalittleboynamedMaxwhobecamekingofthefierce(butfunny)creaturesthatliveintheLandoftheWildThings.RobertMcCloskyproducedboththerichlytexturedillustrationsandthedelightfulstoryofafamilyofduckslivingindowntownBoston,MakeWayforDucklings.Somebooksareproducedbyacollaborativeauthor-artistteam.AuthorMargaretWiseBrowncombinedwithillustratorClementHurdtoproducetwodelightfulbookslovedbyveryyoungchildren,GoodnightMoonandTheRunawayBunny.Anotherexampleisthehusband-and-wifeteamofwriterAudreyWoodandillustratorDonWood,whowereresponsibleforKingBidgood’sintheBathtubandTheNappingHouse.Wordlessandnearlywordlesspicturebookhavealsobecomepopular.Withalittlehelp,three-andfour-year-oldscanfollowthesequenceofevents,andtheycanunderstandthestoriessuggestedinthem.Themarvelofbookswithfewornowordsisthattheyallowchildrenandtheirparentstheopportunitytotellandretellthesamestoriesoverandoverintheirownwords.OneofthemostcharmingexamplesofawordlessbookisJanOmerod’sSunshine.BarbaraBerger’sGrandfatherTwilightandDavidWeisner’sTuesdayareexamplesofbookscontainingonlyafewwords.U.S.publishershavealsodrawnonillustrationsfromothercountrieswhoseoriginal,imaginativeworkshavebroughttheirdifferentvisionstoAmericanchildren’sbooks.AmongthemareLeoLionnifromItaly,FeodorRojankovskyfromRussia,andTaroYashimifromJapan.33.Whatisthefunctionofillustrationinchildren’sbooks?34.Whatisthestrengthofchildren’spicturebookswithfewerwords?35.Summarizeinyourownwordssomerepresentativeauthor-illustratorsandtheirmasterpieces.【答案與解析】33.Inthebest,thewordsandillustrationsseemtocomplementeachotherperfectly.Throughsimplylanguageandillustrations,childrencaneasilyfollowthebook.（根據(jù)第二段可知，插圖的作用就是和文字相輔相成。孩子們通過插圖和簡單的語言文字就能讀懂書。）34.Forchildren’spicturebooks,withalittlehelp,three-andfour-year-oldscanfollowthesequenceofevents,andtheycanunderstandthestoriessuggestedinthem.Themarvelofbookswithfewornowordsisthattheyallowchildrenandtheirparentstheopportunitytotellandretellthesamestoriesoverandoverintheirownwords.（根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，這種文字較少的圖畫書孩子們易于理解，更重要的是，孩子們能夠使用自己的語言來復(fù)述故事。）35.Anauthor-illustratormeansasinglepersonresponsibleforbothwritingandillustratingthebook.Inthispassage,3representativeauthor-illustratorsareintroduced.ThefirstisDr.Seuss.Hisfirstchildren’sbookAndtoThinkThatIsawItonMulberryStreethitthemarketin1937.In1957,hisTheCatintheHatbecamethefirstbookinRandomHouse’sbest-sellingseries,BeginnerBooks.ThesecondisMaxSendak,whowroteandillustratedWheretheWildThingsAre.ThethirdisRobertMcCloskywhoproducedMakeWayforDucklings.Ofcourse,therearesomegreatauthor-artistteams,forexample,AuthorMargaretWiseBrowncombinedwithillustratorClementHurdtoproduceGoodnightMoonandTheRunawayBunny,thehusband-and-wifeteamofwriterAudreyWoodandillustratorDonWood,whowereresponsibleforKingBidgood’sintheBathtubandTheNappingHouse.（第二段和第三段介紹了幾位有代表性的作家-插圖畫家及他們的相關(guān)作品。）Ⅲ.Writing(30points)Somepeoplethinkthatpublicmuseumsandartgalleriesarenotneededbecausepeoplecouldseehistoricalobjectsandworksbyusingcomputers.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupp