英漢翻譯比較comparison

Day

2Chinese

English

Comparison

andTranslationA

brief

comparison

of

the

Chineselanguage

and

the

English

languageChinese

EnglishTypology:Writing:Phonetics:Sino-TitetanlogographictoneMorphology:

analyticSyntax:

parataxisIndo-EuropeanalphabeticintonationsynthetichypotaxisAnalytic(分析型）v.s

Synthetic

（綜合型）政治學(xué)習(xí)the

study

of

politics學(xué)習(xí)政治to

study

politics克服困難to

overcome

difficulties困難問(wèn)題a

difficult

problemI

am

writing

a

letter.我正在寫(xiě)信。I

wrote

a

letter

yesterday.我昨天寫(xiě)了信。I

have

written

a

letter.我已寫(xiě)了信。He

has

two

brothers.

I

have

none.他有兩個(gè)哥哥。我一個(gè)也沒(méi)有。Semantic

sentence

vs.

Syntactic

sentences他五歲的時(shí)候，生了一場(chǎng)傷寒，變成了聾子。

He

became

deaf

at

five

after

an

attack

of

typhoidfever.下雨了。年輕人頂著風(fēng)，冒著雨，出去騎馬。

The

young

man

went

out,

against

the

wind

andthrough

the

rain,

for

a

ride

on

horseback.Topic

comment

vs.

subject

predicate他的專業(yè)他一點(diǎn)也不喜歡。Parataxis

vs.hypotaxis 你死了我去當(dāng)和尚。人不犯我，我不犯人。

Pre-modification

vs.post-modification他昨天在學(xué)?？戳艘粓?chǎng)電影.那個(gè)在看書(shū)的女孩是他的女朋友。parataxis(意合)v.s

hypotaxis(形合English

sentences:

subject-predicate,

conjunctions,

abstractnouns,

prepositions,

relative

clauseChinese

sentences:

order

of

time,

order

of

space,

topic-comment,

verbs,

word

orderNouns

in

English

The

1967

UN

document

calls

for

the

settlement

ofthe

Middle

East

conflict

on

the

basis

of

Israeliwithdrawal

from

occupied

territories

and

Arabacknowledgement

of

Israeli’s

right

to

exist.

1967年的聯(lián)合國(guó)文件呼吁解決中東沖突，其基礎(chǔ)是以色列從被占領(lǐng)的土地上撤退，阿拉伯國(guó)家則成仁以色列人的生存權(quán)。Pronouns

in

English

Carlisle

Street

runs

westward,

across

a

great

blacbridge,

down

a

hill

and

up

again,

by

little

shopsand

meat

markets,

past

single-storied

homes,

untilsuddenly

it

stops

against

a

wide

green

lawn.

卡萊爾大街往西伸展，越過(guò)一座黑色大橋，爬下山崗又爬上去，經(jīng)過(guò)許多小鋪和肉市，又經(jīng)過(guò)一些平房，然后突然朝著一大片綠色草地中止了。Translation

practice

The

isolation

of

the

rural

world,

because

odistance

and

the

lack

of

transport

facilitiis

compounded

by

the

paucity

of

theinformation

media.

由于距離遠(yuǎn)，又缺乏交通工具，使農(nóng)村社會(huì)與外界隔絕，而這種隔絕，又由于通訊工具不足而變得更加嚴(yán)重。Are

you

in?

I

am

in.You

are

out.He

is

all

over

the

place.The

shirt

looks

good

on

you.Verbs

in

Chinese

老栓正在專心走路，忽然吃了一驚，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地看

見(jiàn)一條丁字街，明明白白橫著。他便退了幾步，尋到一家關(guān)著門的鋪檐子，蹩進(jìn)去，靠門立住了。（魯迅）

Absorbed

in

his

walking,

Old

Shuan

was

startledwhen

he

saw

the

cross

road

lying

distantly

aheadof

him.

He

walked

back

a

few

steps

to

stand

underthe

eaves

of

a

shop

in

front

of

a

closed

door.

不一會(huì)，北風(fēng)小了，路上浮塵早已刮凈，剩下一條潔白的大道來(lái)，車夫也跑得更快。（魯迅《一件小事》）

Presently

the

wind

dropped

a

little.

By

nowloose

dust

had

all

been

blown

away,

leaving

roadway

clear,

and

the

rickshaw

man

quickenhis

pace.

(Tr.

Yang

Xianyi

&

Gladys

Yang)

晴雯先接出來(lái)，笑道：“好啊，叫我研了墨，早起高興，只寫(xiě)了三個(gè)字，扔下筆就走了，哄我等了這一天，快來(lái)給我寫(xiě)完了這些墨才算呢！”晴雯先接出來(lái)，笑道：“好啊，叫我研了墨，早起高興，只寫(xiě)了三個(gè)字，扔下筆就走了，哄我等了這一天，快來(lái)給我寫(xiě)完了這些墨才算呢！”

Qing-wen

greeted

him

with

a

simile,

exclaiming,“A

fine

one

you

are!

On

the

spur

of

the

momentyou

bade

me

grind

ink

for

you

this

morning.

Butyou

threw

down

your

brush

and

went

away

afterhaving

written

merely

three

characters.

You’vekept

me

waiting

for

you

the

whole

day.

You

are

touse

up

this

ink

now.

Be

quick!”Translation

practice

只有四嬸，因?yàn)楹髞?lái)雇用的女工，大抵非懶即饞，或者饞而且懶，左右不如意，所以也還是提起祥林嫂。（魯迅：《祝?！罚?/p>

My

aunt

was

the

only

one

who

still

spoke

ofXianglin’s

Wife.

This

was

because

most

of

themaids

taken

on

afterwards

turned

out

to

be

lazy

orgreedy,

or

both,

none

of

them

giving

satisfaction.(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯）

進(jìn)了醫(yī)學(xué)院，她住女生宿舍，在食堂吃大鍋飯，天不亮，她就起床背外語(yǔ)單詞。鈴聲響，她夾

著書(shū)本去上課，大課小課，密密麻麻的筆記。（諶容）

In

the

medical

college,

she

lived

in

girls

dormitorand

ate

like

everybody

else

in

the

school

canteen.Before

daybreak,

she

would

get

up

to

memorizewords

of

a

foreign

language.

With

the

bell,

booksunder

arm,

she

would

go

to

lectures

and

classes,taking

careful,

close-writen

notes.Abstract

and

Concrete他經(jīng)常冒冒失失地闖進(jìn)人家的家里。他煙癮很大。我們的呼吁如石沉大海。He

was

always

an

unwelcome

intruder.He

is

a

heavy

smoker.Our

appeal

remained

a

dead

letter.word

classEnglish:

noun,

pronoun,

adjective,

article,

verb,adverb,

preposition,

conjunction,

andinterjectionChineseclassifier,

mood大小高矮長(zhǎng)短粗細(xì)是非先后冷暖東西輕重

參差Size

height

length

temperature

directionsThickness

trouble

priority

weight

variatioNo

corresponding

or

partially

correspondingwordsE.g.屬，風(fēng)水，豆腐，half

brother,half

siste山，青，借，鼠，river,marryYou,

parent,

brother,

uncleCultural

connotation

in

words紅，白，黃，牧童，農(nóng)民，狗，龍

Translation

practice:

紅眼病，紅茶,紅地毯，紅色警報(bào)，紅娘,紅白喜事,黑市，黑名單,狗嘴里長(zhǎng)不出象牙,狗急跳墻,白色污染Different

perspective手扶拖拉機(jī)拐杖離合器防爆警察救火車單項(xiàng)選擇題Walking

tractorWalking

stickClutchRiot

policeFire

engineMultiple

choiceCultural

connotation

in

idiomsAre

they

the

same?打草驚蛇亡羊補(bǔ)牢骨鯁在喉同舟共濟(jì)怒發(fā)沖冠To

beat

about

the

bush

To

lock

the

stable

door

after

the

horse

has

beenstolenTo

have

a

bone

in

one’s

throatTo

be

in

the

same

boatTo

make

one’s

hair

stand

on

endTranslation

practice一劍雙雕山中無(wú)老虎，猴子稱霸王過(guò)著牛馬不如的生活豆腐渣工程打白條傍大款一劍雙雕：to

kill

two

birds

with

one

stone

山中無(wú)老虎，猴子稱霸王：in

the

countryof

the

blind,the

one-eyed

man

is

the

king.過(guò)著牛馬不如的生活：to

lead

a

dog

life豆腐渣工程：jelly

built

project打白條：to

issue

an

IOU傍大款：to

find

a

sugar

DaddyCultural

connotation

in

pragmatics老李Translation

practice:哪里哪里請(qǐng)笑納您太客氣了一路順風(fēng)不見(jiàn)不散沒(méi)門兒Translation

techniques

dealing

withcultural

elements直譯（same

conceptual

meaning,same

cultural

meaning)e.g.丟臉，老手，笑柄，趁熱打鐵，滄海一粟，火上加油，禍不單行解釋文化意義或借助目的語(yǔ)中的現(xiàn)有形象用語(yǔ)Same

conceptual

meaning,

different

cultural

meaninge.g.他的奇怪行為把與會(huì)者打入悶葫蘆里了

His

queer

behavior

threw

those

who

had

been

attendingthe

meeting

into

bewilderment.Translation

practice

24年前，葉澄海從深圳副市長(zhǎng)任上下海，是我國(guó)最早下海的“高官”之一。

幾十年來(lái),很多留學(xué)生都犯過(guò)這種毛病。他們從歐美日本回來(lái),只知生吞活剝地談外國(guó)?！睹珴蓶|選集》他結(jié)婚了,太太是個(gè)母老虎。

they

talk

about

the

foreign

things

they

havswallowed

raw

and

whole

（1960）they

can

only

parrot

things

foreign

（1962Same

conceptual

meaning,

differentpragmatic

meaning

一見(jiàn)面是寒暄，寒暄之后說(shuō)我“胖了”，說(shuō)我

“胖了”之后即大罵其新黨。

When

we

met,

after

exchanging

a

few

politeremarks

he

said

I

was

fatter,

and

after

saying

thatimmediately

started

a

violent

attack

on

therevolutionaries.

(Foreign

language

press,

1972)

After

exchanging

a

few

polite

remarks

when

wemet,

he

observed

that

I

looked

“fat”,

and

havingmade

that

complimentary

remark

he

launched

aviolent

attack

on

the

revolutionaries.彈指過(guò)了三四年,王冕看書(shū)著實(shí)明白了。

Version

1:

After

a

short

period

of

three

tofour

years

,

Wang

Mian

truly

understood

thebooks

he

read.

Version

2:

Three

or

four

years

went

quicklyby

;

now

Wang

Mian

found

himself

quitesure

of

knowing

what

he

read.(張鸞鈴)Also

pay

attention

toRegister:拳頭產(chǎn)品宰客

Negative

connotation

of

some

Englishexpression：白象，銀耳Discussion福娃friendlies;

Fuwa,

the

mascot紅樓夢(mèng)

Hung

Lau

Mung

or

Dreams

in

the

Red

Chamber

(Tr.

KarlA.F.

Gutzlaff,

1842)The

Hung

Lau

Mung

(Tr.

H.A.

Giles,

1885)Dream

of

the

Red

Chamber

(Tr.

C.C.

Wang,

1929,

1958)The

story

of

the

Stone

(Tr.

David

Hawkes,

1973)

A

Dream

of

Red

Mansions

(Tr.

Yang

Xianyi

&

GladysYang,

1978)Chamber:

a

meeting

hall,

esp

one

used

for

a

legislatior

judicial

assemblya

room

in

a

private

house,

esp

a

bedroomany

of

the

houses

of

a

legislatureMansion:

a

large

house;

residence

of

a

noble

orimportant

personTranslation

practice

得病以前，我受父母寵愛(ài)，在家中橫行霸道，

一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，

我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)。一個(gè)

春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設(shè)宴，一時(shí)賓客云集，笑語(yǔ)四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見(jiàn)園中大千世界，一片繁華。自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其間，個(gè)個(gè)喜

氣洋洋。一霎時(shí)，一陣被人擯棄，為世所遺的

悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來(lái)。白先勇《我小說(shuō)的啟蒙老師》

得病以前，我受父母寵愛(ài)，在家中橫行霸道，一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)。

Before

I

fell

ill,

I

had

been

the

bully

under

ourroofs

owing

to

my

doting

parents.

Immediatelyafter

I

was

segregated

and

confined

in

a

smallhouse

on

hillside

in

our

garden,

I

felt

like

beingdeposed

into

a

cold

palace

and

began

to

taste

thebitterness

of

depression

and

frustration.

一個(gè)春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設(shè)宴，一時(shí)賓客云集，笑語(yǔ)四溢。

On

a

spring

evening,

my

parents

gave

abanquet

in

the

garden

where

a

profusion

offlowers

were

in

full

bloom.

In

no

time,

acrowd

of

their

guests

collected

and

laughtewas

heard

all

over

there.

我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見(jiàn)園中大千世界，一片繁華。自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其間，個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。

I,

without

being

noticed,

lifted

the

curtain

in

mysmall

room,

only

to

spy

the

bustle

of

akaleidoscopic

world

down

in

the

garden,

and

myelder

sisters,

brothers

and

my

cousins,

each

full

othe

joys

of

spring,

were

shuttling

among

the

guests

一霎時(shí)，一陣被人擯棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來(lái)。

Quickly

enough,

I

was

thrown

into

a

fit

ofsorrowful

anger

at

being

forgotten

anddiscarded

by

the

rest

and

could

not

helpcrying

my

heart

out.

農(nóng)歷八月十五日的中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，進(jìn)而象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。中秋節(jié)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅，內(nèi)含核桃仁、蜜餞、豆沙或蛋黃等食物。春節(jié)是中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷新年，春節(jié)的日期按農(nóng)歷而定，通常出現(xiàn)在公歷2月前半期的某一天。大吃大喝歷來(lái)是春節(jié)的主要內(nèi)容。除了常見(jiàn)的海鮮、家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制一些傳統(tǒng)菜肴，例如北京的餃子、上海的八寶飯和廣州的米羹。全國(guó)各地都可以見(jiàn)到形態(tài)各異、口味不一的年糕。“年糕”這個(gè)詞里的“糕”字與“高”諧音，寓意來(lái)年“節(jié)節(jié)高”。

農(nóng)歷八月十五日的中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，進(jìn)而象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。中秋節(jié)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅，內(nèi)含核桃仁、蜜餞、豆沙或蛋黃等食物。

The

Mid-autumn

Festival

which

occurs

on

the

15th

day

ofthe

8th

lunar

month

(around

mid-September)

is

an

occasion

for

viewing

the

full

moon.

The

round

moon

is

asymbol

for

completeness,

and

by

extension,

family

reunionThe

specialty

of

the

day

is

the

yuebing

(mooncake),

around

pastry

filled

with

nuts,

candied

preserved

fruits,bean

paste,

duck

egg

yolks,etc.

春節(jié)是中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷新年，春節(jié)的日期按農(nóng)歷而定，通常出現(xiàn)在公歷2