一閱讀理解考法2推理判斷題（解析版）-2023年高考英語考點專項突破

備at年高考英語精選號點專項突曜

竊題。閱潮型皚溜?0修豳?

皚向麗克

新高考卷全國卷

2022202120222021

卷I卷II卷I卷II乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷

細節(jié)理解題67888865

推理判斷題75555368

詞義猜測題12111111

主旨大意題11111321

解題旌

推理判斷

推理判斷題閱讀理解中對考生推理判斷能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意又的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對文

中細節(jié)中隱含的信息和語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析作出一定的判斷和推理，從而理解作者所要傳達的信息、得出

文草的深層意義及隱含意義。它主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯天系的能力和識別能力。解答推理判斷題要

以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能作出在原文中找不到依據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息進行多余推理。也

就是說，要做到判斷有據(jù)，推論有理，忠實原文。切忌用自己的觀點代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片

面結(jié)論?？忌杏?，推理判斷（infer））題必須把握住的一個原則：正確選項必須是由文中事實推斷出的另一

個正確的事實，而不是文章細節(jié)的直接陳述。

方法1針對特定細節(jié)信息進行推理

此類試題要求考生根據(jù)語篇中具體的內(nèi)容和信息點，推斷出文章中具體的細節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物

關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。解答此類試題時，一般可根據(jù)短文所提供的某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、

判斷?？忌灰_把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，根據(jù)文章中的關(guān)鍵信息進行推斷就可以作出正確的判斷。

[全國II2020-D]Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalways

anenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhile

otherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.

32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'srelationshipwithbooksasachild?

A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.D.Casual.C.Inseparable.

【解析】根據(jù)本段第三句…readinguptothreebooksadayasachild..以及第四句Storieswerelikeairtome..

可知，孩童時期的作者和書是形影不離的。cooperative意為“合作的uneasy意為“不自在的“；inseparable意

為“不可分離的;親密無間的“；casual意為“漫不經(jīng)心的;隨便的”。故選C項。

方法2整合全文（段）信息進行推斷

做推理判斷題時，有時需要在弄懂全文或全段意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的信息，提取出來加以

推理判斷，從而確定最佳答案。

[全國II2020C]UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeinto

clothesindifferentstyles.HItsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaare

destroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,usaysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.lbpromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.

【解析】由題干中的NewOrleansandBrooklyn可定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)本段可知，在新奧爾良與布魯克

林舉辦這些不同尋常的時裝秀的目的是讓人們在重新穿上由海貍鼠毛皮制成的衣物的同時不會產(chǎn)生罪惡感,

即為了宣傳“零罪惡感”的海貍鼠毛皮。故選A項。

方法3根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者或文中人物的態(tài)度及意圖

作者或文中人物的態(tài)度、傾向是指其對自己或他人陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是中立，對敘述或描寫

的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的結(jié)論

中，或流露于修飾性的詞語中。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中總結(jié)全文的措辭，尤其是帶有感情

色彩的形容詞。常見的表達態(tài)度的詞語有：

（1）、表示積極態(tài)度的詞：support（（支持）,supportive（支持的）,approve（（贊成）,approving（（贊同的）,for（支持）,in

favorof（支持），optimistic（（樂觀的），positive（（積極的），pleasant（（愉快的），humorous（（幽默的），confident^自信

的）,impressive（（令人欽佩的）,praise（（贊揚）等。

（2）、表示消極態(tài)度的詞：disgusted（（厭惡的），critical（批評的）,negative（（否定的）,doubtful（懷疑的）,

disappointed（失望的）,pessimistic（（悲觀的）,opposed（（反對的）等。

（3）、表示中立的詞：objective^客觀的）,factual（（事實的）,neutral*中立的）,impartial（（不偏不倚的）等。

有些文章的寫作意圖比較明確，如議論文、說明文，此類文體應(yīng)關(guān)注主題句。而有些文章的寫作意圖

需要考生去體會，這種情況多出現(xiàn)在記敘文中，此類文章通常先敘述，然后發(fā)表看法。

[全國12020-C]Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikely

contributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.（首段）

31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【解析】通讀首段可知，作者在本文中主要闡述了競走的好處（Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswith

running）及其存在的問題（does,however,haveitsownproblem.）,提及正反兩方面，由此可推知，作者的態(tài)

度是客觀的。故選B項。

方法4結(jié)合文章關(guān)鍵信息和常識推測文章的來源或者推測閱讀對象

此類題目要求考生具備一定的常識，這樣才能把文章的內(nèi)容與自己已經(jīng)具備的常識結(jié)合起來作出準確

的推斷。比如考生要對報告、報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、小說、廣告、說明書、旅游指南、藥品說明、操作指南

等有基本的了解，這樣才能根據(jù)文章的特點對號入座，選出最佳答案。

[浙江2020年1月-A]Ineverknewanyonewho'dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraidofMrs.Calloway,our

librarian.SheranJackson'sCarnegieLibraryabsolutelybyherself.SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsigns

hungeverywhere.Ifshethoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesentyoustraightbackhometochangeyour

clothes.Iwaswilling;Iwoulddoanythingtoread

Mymothersharedthisfeelingofmine.Now,Ithinkofherasreadingsomuchofthetimewhiledoing

somethingelse.IrememberherreadingamagazinewhiletakingthepartoftheWolfinagameof"LittleRed

RidingHoodnwithmybrother'stwodaughters.She*djustlookupattherighttime,longenoughtoanswer-in

character-"Thebettertoeatyouwith,mydear,"andgobacktoherplaceinthemagazinearticle.

23.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?

A.Aguidebook.B.Anautobiography.C.Anewsreport.D.Abookreview.

【解析】通讀全文可知，本文是作者在回憶自己童年時在圖書館閱讀的經(jīng)歷，所以本文最可能出自一部自傳。

故選B項。

Passage1

本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是鍛煉對于心臟的好處。

（2022?全國新高考II卷真題）Asweage,evenifwe'rehealthy,theheartjustisn'tasefficientinprocessing

oxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewho

don'texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.

“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecome

dryandeasilybroken,“saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.Thafswhathappensto

theheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,

gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.

Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwere

otherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramof

nonaerobic（無氧）exercise-balancetrainingandweighttraining-threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdid

high-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,the

secondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.

“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,“saysLevine."And

thereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump（泵送）alot

morebloodduringexercise.^^Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn'tchange,he

says.

“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven'talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhas

flexibility,^^Levinesays."Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothing

happenedtothematall.^^

Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine'sfindingsareagreat

start.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhich

aspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

32.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?

A.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.

C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.

【答案】D

【解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“"Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20

yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,"saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.

That'swhathappenstotheheart.（“想想橡皮筋。一開始，它是靈活的，但把它放在抽屜里20年，它就會變得

干燥，很容易破碎，’‘德克薩斯大學(xué)的心臟專家本?萊文博士說。這就是心臟的變化。片可知，萊文想通過提

到橡皮筋來解釋心臟的老化過程，故選Do

33.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?

A.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.

C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.

【答案】C

【解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobicexercise—balancetraining

andweighttraining——threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidance

ofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.（第一組每周參加三次非有氧運動平衡訓(xùn)練和重量訓(xùn)練。第二組在

教練的指導(dǎo)下每周進行4天或更多的高強度有氧運動。戶可知，兩組在研究設(shè)計上的不同在于運動類型的不

同，故選C。

35.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?

A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.

C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.

【答案】C

【解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeople

todetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.（但這項研究的規(guī)模很小，需

要在更大的人群中重復(fù)進行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會產(chǎn)生最大的影響。）”可知，妮卡?戈德堡博士建

議進行進一步的研究。故選C。

Passage2

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械氖澄锢速M現(xiàn)象以及華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官

科廷為解決食物浪費而采取的努力。

（2022?全國新高考I卷真題）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula（芝

麻菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Then

friendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.

Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,t4fbodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrainJas

ElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It?sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway

一from"ugly”（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrowninto

restaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfood

wasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,t4iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargest

producerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.^^

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,lefskeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtin

seesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it*smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlast

days.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthy

meals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有

瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,and

freezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."'Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,

whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.

27.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

【答案】B

【解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)笫一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.（像我們大多數(shù)人一

樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費的食物）”及"Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkingly

boughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.（但隨著時間的推移,芝麻菜變壞了。更

糟糕的是，我不假思索地買了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉廠可推知，作者想通過講述芝麻菜的

故事來表明我們有時會無意間浪費食物。故選B。

Passage3

這是一篇書評。本文簡要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對其進行了評價。

（2022?全國?高考乙卷真題）In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.一

DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachina

one-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.Soforthemtomoveto

Elkhead,Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.Theirstayin

ElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestby

DorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhad

undertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketof

snowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveatthe

schoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden^book,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourse

influencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,which

entailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondand

Dorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅忍）ofthepeoplemoveherto

somebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"When

thesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwas

markedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B,Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

【答案】D

【解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rare

baths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他們和一個當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一?/p>

一起搬進去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時被子上覆蓋著一層雪。廠以及“Inspring,the

snowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。）”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，

她們飽受磨難。故選D項。

27.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiaryentry.

【答案】B

【解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.（這本書以

Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。）”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthe

landandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwritingsWickenden是個很好的講故事的人。大地

的遼闊和人們的堅忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。）“可知，本文簡要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對

其進行了評價，所以文本是一篇書評。故選B項。

Passage1（2022?江西?金溪一中模擬預(yù)測）

MeredithJ.Eberhartcompletedthe2,190-plusmileAppalachianTrailonSunday,becomingtheoldestperson

toholdthehonor.

Eberharthasprobablyhikedover50,000milesinhislifethoughhedoesn'tkeeptrack.The83-year-oldman

startedwalkingwhenheretiredmorethan25yearsago,andneverstopped.

Eberhartstartedthe261-day,15-statetripbackinFebruary,withthegoalofbeatingpreviousrecordholder

Dale"Greybeard^Sanders,whofinishedtheentireAppalachianTrailattheageof82in2017.Thetrailcoversover

2,190milesfromSpringerMountain,Georgia,allthewaytoMountKatahdin,Maine.However,Eberhartbeganhis

journeyfarfromthetrail,athishomeinFlaggMountain,Alabama.Thataddedhundredsofextramilestotheroute,

ButEberhartwasn'tworriedaboutthat.Heoncehiked4,400milesfromtheFloridaKeystoNorthernQuebec,and

anothertimefromChicagotoCaliforniaonRoute66.

Eberhartadmittedthathewasfeelinghisageandthetrailgottoughatpoints,evenforanexperiencedhiker

likehimself.Hefellafewtimesonslipperyrocks,andatonepointhegothiselbowscratched.However,the

accidentsdidn'tstophim.'Tvegotacoupleofinjuriesonme,butTmokay,“hesaid,"You'vegottohaveincredible

determinationtodothis.,,

Eberharthikedthetrailoutoforderinsectionssohecouldcompleteeachpartinfineweather.Mindfulofhis

age,Eberhartwalkedatarateofnomorethaneighthourseachday.HefinishedhisjourneyinMassachusetts,

wherehecelebratedwithchampagnewineandfriends.Andwhilesomepeoplethinkthiswillbehislasthike,

Eberhartseemstostronglydisagree.

1.WhatsetEberhartapartfromotherAppalachianTrailhikers?

A.Themaximumage.B.Thelongestdistance.C.Theminimumtime.D.Thesteepesttrail.

2.WhichwordbestdescribesEherharfsjourneyontheAppalachianTrail?

A.Relaxing.B.Challenging.C.Pleasing.D.Appealing.

3.WhydidEberharthikethetrailsinrandomsections?

A.Toconservehisenergy.B.Tocatchupwithotherhikers.

C.Tomakeuseofgoodweather.D.Toavoidgettinginjured.

4.WhatcanwelearnfromEberhart9ssuccess?

A.Lifeliesinmovement.B.AllroadsleadtoRome.

C.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest.D.It'snevertoolatetogoafterdreams.

【答案】

1.A2.B3.C4.D

【解析】

這是一篇新聞報道。83歲老人埃伯哈特徒步走完2190多英里的阿巴拉契亞小徑全程，成為走完這條山地徒

步線路的最年長者。

【詳解】

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MeredithJ.Eberhartcompletedthe2,190-plusmileAppalachianTrailonSunday,

becomingtheoldestpersontoholdthehonor.（上周日，MeredithJ.Eberhart走完了2190多英里的阿帕拉契小徑，

成為獲此殊榮的最年長的人。）“可知，Eberhart與其他的阿帕拉契小徑徒步者不同，是因為他是年齡最大的

徒步者。故選A項。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hefellafewtimesonslipperyrocks,andatonepointhegothiselbowscratched.

However,theaccidentsdidn'tstophim.'Tvegotacoupleofinjuriesonme,butI'mokayjhesaid."You'vegotto

haveincredibledeterminationtodothis.’'（他在光滑的巖石上摔了幾次，有一次他的胳膊肘被擦傷了。然而，

事故并沒有阻止他。“我身上有幾處傷，但我沒事，”他說。“你必須下定決心去做這件事”戶可知，Eberhart

的旅程是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選B項。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后?段首句"Eberharthikedthetrailoutoforderinsectionssohecouldcompleteeach

partinfineweather.（Eberhart把步道隨即分成幾部分徒步旅行，以便在天氣好的時候完成每一部分。）“可知，

Eberhart要在隨機的路段徒步旅行，是為了利用最佳天氣。故選C項。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“MeredithJ.Eberhartcompletedthe2,190-plusmileAppalachianTrail

onSunday,becomingtheoldestpersontoholdthehonor.（上周日,MeredithJ.Eberhart走完了2190多英里的阿

帕拉契小徑，成為最年長的獲此殊榮的人。戶可知，本文主要講「83歲的Eberhart設(shè)定目標打破戴爾?桑德

斯保持的記錄并獲得成功，成為走完阿巴拉契亞小徑的最年長者。這充分說明“追求夢想永遠為時不晚故

選D項。

Passage2（2022?四川省內(nèi)江市第六中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）

Howfarwouldyougotomakeagoodimpressionatanewjob?AcollegestudentinAlabamawalked32

kilometresinthedarktogettohisnewjob.

ThestorybeginswithWalterCarr'scarbreakingdownthenightbeforestartinganewjob.Carrwasunableto

findaride.So,hefiguredouthowlongitwouldtaketowalkfromhishousetothejobinPelham——32kilometres

away.Heleftatmidnightsothathecouldmakeittothecustomer'shouseby8:00amthenextmorning.

Pelhampolicesawhimwalkingalongahighwayat4:00am.So,theystoppedtoseeifheneededhelp.After

hearinghisstory,theytookhimtoarestaurantforbreakfastandthentoachurchwherehecouldsafelywaituntil8:

00am.ThepolicethentookCarrtothehomeofcustomerJennyLamey.LameysaidthateventhoughCarrhadjust

walkedtheentirenight,herefusedheroffertorest.Hejustwantedtostartworking.Whileheworked,hetalked

withthecustomer,tellingherhowmuchhelikedherkitchen.

JennyLameylaterwrotethisonFacebook:<4Ijustcan'ttellyouhowtouchedIwasbyWalterandhisjourney.

Heiskindandcheerfulandhehasbigdreams!Heishard-workingandtough."ShethenstartedaGoFundMepage

tohelpWalterwithmoneytogethiscarfixed.WhentheCEOofBellhops,LukeMarklin,learnedofCarr'sstory,

hedrovefromTennesseetoAlabamatogiveWalterhisown2014FordEscape.

WalterCarr'sstorytouchedmanyothersaroundtheUnitedStates.Withinafewdays,peoplegaveover

$73,000totheGoFundMepage.CarrhasdecidedtogiveapartofthedonationstotheBirminghamEducation

Foundation.Andhehasreceivedmoreoffersforjobsandscholarshipsforschools.

5.WhydidWalterCarrdecidetogotoworkonfoot?

A.Hewantedtochallengehimself.B.Hewishedtobeontimeforthejob.

C.Hewasunabletoborrowacar.D.Hiscarwasdamagedbeyondrepair.

6.WhatcanweinferaboutCarrfromParagraph3?

A.Hewasdevotedtohisjob.B.Hewasblamedbyhiscustomer.

C.Hecalledthepoliceforhelp.D.Hestartedtoworkafterashortbreak.

7.WhatkindofpersondoesLameythinkCarris?

A.Cautious.B.Generous.C.Ambitious.D.Sensitive.

8.Whatmessagedoesthetextreallyconvey?

A.Onehastosufferinordertogetagoodjob.B.Agoodimpressionissuretobringonegoodmoney.

C.Onehastogiveupsomethinginreturnfordonations.D.Theeffortstoleaveagoodimpressionaretopayoff.

【答案】

5.B6.A7.C8.D

【解析】

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個大學(xué)生在開始新工作的前一個晚上，車壞了，為了能在第二天早

上8點到達客戶的家，他半夜就出發(fā)。他的這份認真感動了許多人，人們紛紛伸出援助之手。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Carrwasunabletofindaride.So,hefiguredouthowlongitwouldtaketowalkfrom

hishousetothejobinPelham—32kilometresaway.Heleftatmidnightsothathecouldmakeittothecustomer's

houseby8:00amthenextmorning.(Carr找不到車。因此，他計算出從他的家步行到32公里外的pelham的

工作地點需要多長時間。他在午夜離開，這樣他就能在第二天早上8點到達客戶的家)”可知，他決定步行去

工作的原因是因為他想準時工作.故選B。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“LameysaidthateventhoughCarrhadjustwalkedtheentirenight,herefusedher

offertorest.Hejustwantedtostartworking.Whileheworked,hetalkedwiththecustomer,tellingherhowmuch

helikedherkitchen.(Lamey說，盡管Carr走了一整晚，但他拒絕「她讓他休息的提議。他只是想開始工作。

他一邊工作，一邊和顧客聊天，告訴她他有多喜歡她的廚房戶可知，他一心只想著工作。故選A。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“JennyLameylaterwrotethisonFacebook:justcan'ttellyouhowtouchedIwas

byWalterandhisjourney.Heiskindandcheerfulandhehasbigdreams!Heishard-workingandtough.”(Jenny

Lamey后來在Facebook上寫道：“我無法告訴你我對Walter和他的旅程有多感動。他是善良和開朗，他有

很大的夢想！他很努力，也很堅強。可知，Lamey認為他善良、開朗，有很大的夢想，也就是有志向、

有抱負的。選項A“Cautious.（小心謹慎小選項BGenerous”（慷慨的廣；選項C“Ambitious（有抱負的廣；選

項D'Sensitive（敏感的廣。故選C。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Howfarwouldyougotomakeagoodimpressionatanewjob?（在一份新工作中，

你要走多遠才能給人留下好印象？）”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了WalterCarr對待工作的這份努力

使得人們對他有好感，并紛紛伸出援手。所以文章想要表達的是想給別人留下好印象的努力最終會有回報

的。故選D。

Passage3（2022?青海海東?一模）

Therearepeoplelivinginalmosteverycornerofourcrowdedplanet.Fromthetopsofmountainstodeep

underground,we'vealwaysbeenabletofindhabitableplacestomakeahome.Butwithspaceatapremium（稀少），

we'vestartedtolookevendeeperforsomewheretolive.

Throughouthistory,peoplehavebeenfascinatedbytheideaoflivingunderwater.Morerecently,theeffectsof

humanactivityonthelandhaveledsometolooktotheoceansfornaturalresources.Oceanographersandarchitects

havelookedatdesigningvessels,labsandunderwaterhabitatstoenablepeopletoliveandworkinaunderwater

world.But,whiledreamsofanunderwatercityhaveremainedafantasy,howclosearewetomakingourhomeon

theseabedareality?

ThepioneerofundersealivingwasIanKoblick.Heclaimedtechnologyalreadyexistedtocreateunderwater

coloniessupportinguptoahundredpeople.HeevenopenedLaChalupa,oncethelargestandmostadvanced

underwaterhabitatandresearchfacilityintheworld.

AmorerecentandambitiousdesignforanunderwatercityisOceanSpiral.DesignedbytheJapaneseShimizu

Corporation,it's-ahugetransparentglobeattachedtotheseabed.Ifsgotatowerrunningthroughittothesurface,

providingspaceforhomes,officesandevenanamusementparkforfivethousandresidents.

Ofcourse,thereareengineeringchallengesinconstructinganoceanicmetropolis.Andlivingunderwater

wouldhavemajoreffectsonthehumanbody,especiallyasthereisanincreaseinatmosphericpressure,which

couldleadtothebends.So,maybeit'stoosoontobepackingourbagsandsettingupanewlifethreethousand

metresunderthesea!

9.Whyarepeoplelookingforwardtolivingunderwater?

A.Spaceonlandisinshortsupply.B.Livingunderwaterisveryeasy.

C.Theworldunderwaterisfantastic.D.Theyaretiredoflivingonland.

10.What'stheauthor9sattitudetowardslivingunderwater?

A.Indifferent.B.Critical.C.Negative.D.Objective.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Livingunderwaterdoesharmtothehumanbody.

B.OceanSpiralcancontainfivethousandresidents.

C.Peoplecanlookforwardtothefutureofunderwaterlife.

D.Wecanpackourbagsandsetupanewlifeunderwater.

12.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Ajournalofhistory.B.Asciencewebsite.

C.Aninternationalnewspaper.D.Atravelguidebook.

【答案】

9.A10.D11.C12.B

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們嘗試讓水下生活成為現(xiàn)實的計劃，以及人們在水下安家之前需要

克服的困難。

9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Therearepeoplelivinginalmosteverycornerofourcrowdedplanet.Fromthetops

ofmountainstodeepunderground,we'vealwaysbeenabletofindhabitableplacestomakeahome.Butwithspace

atapremium（稀少）,we'vestartedtolookevendeeperfbrsomewhereto1ive.（在我們這個擁擠的星球上，幾乎每

個角落都有人居住。從山頂?shù)降叵律钐?，我們總能找到適合安家的地方。但隨著空間的稀少，我們開始更

深入地尋找居住的地方。戶可知，人們想去水下居住是因為地表空間不足。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Heclaimedtechnologyalreadyexistedtocreateunderwatercoloniessupportingup

toahundredpeople.（他聲稱已經(jīng)有技術(shù)可以在水下建立可以養(yǎng)活100人的居住地。）“、第四段"Amorerecent

andambitiousdesignfbranunderwatercityisOceanSpiral.DesignedbytheJapaneseShimizuCorporation,it's-a

hugetransparentglobeattachedtotheseabed.（一個更近期、更有野心的水下城市設(shè)計是海洋螺旋。它是由日本

清水公司設(shè)計的，是一個連接在海底的巨大透明球體。戶以及第五段“Ofcourse,thereareengineering

challengesinconstructinganoceanicmetropolis.Andlivingunderwaterwouldhavemajoreffectsonthehuman

body,especiallyasthereisanincreas