新教材高中英語UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures學案（含解析）新人教版

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures單元語法精析關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句語法點撥一、定語從句的概述在復合句中對名詞、代詞、名詞性短語、句子進行修飾、限定的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句修飾的成分叫先行詞。引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞有兩種：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who(賓格為whom，所有格為whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包括where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三個作用：①引導從句；②指代先行詞；③在定語從句中作成分。ThepeoplewhomyoumetonthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.你昨天在大學校園里見到的那些人來自英國。HeisreadingabookwhichiswrittenbyLuXun.他正在讀一本魯迅寫的書。二、關(guān)系代詞的用法1．關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它們的具體使用情況如下表所示：關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞謧渥㈥P(guān)系代詞who人主語、賓語whom,which和that在從句中作賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that和whowhom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語whose＋n.＝the＋n.＋ofwhich/whom＝ofwhich/whom＋the＋n.(先行詞指人時用whom，指物時用which)2．在定語從句中，使用關(guān)系代詞時我們應該考慮兩點：一是先行詞是“人”還是“物”；二是關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當什么成分。Heisamanwho/thatmeanswhathesays.他是一個說話算話的人。(先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞who/that引導定語從句，并在從句中作主語)Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhosefatherisateacher?你們班有誰的父親是老師？(先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞whose引導定語從句，并在定語從句中作定語)Tobefrank,Idon’tlikethemovie(which/that)yourecommendedtomeyesterday.坦率地講，我不喜歡你昨天推薦給我的那部影片。(先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞which/that引導定語從句，并在從句中作賓語，可省略)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名師點津關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，根據(jù)先行詞的單復數(shù)確定從句謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsFrenchinourclass.他是我們班里唯一懂法語的學生。(theonlyone為先行詞)HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowFrenchinourclass.他是我們班里懂法語的學生之一。(students為先行詞)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名師點津whose還是which關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作定語時，無論指人還是指物，都要用whose，而不能用which。That’sthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.那是一臺零件小到看不見的新機器。HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,whoseleadingactorisworld-famous?你看過《泰坦尼克號》這部電影嗎？它的男主角是世界著名的。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Q))巧學助記關(guān)系詞，引定從，它們的用法各不同。that可作主賓表，指人指物它都行。which專來指物用，主語、賓語它也能。who和whom來指人，whom僅作賓語用。whose一詞作定語，指人指物都管用。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學即練用定語從句合并句子①Ilivenextdoortoacouple.Theirchildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.__Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.__②ThemanisfromPekingUniversity.Italkedaboutthemanatthemeeting.__Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromPekingUniversity③Theboyissittingonthechair.Theboyismybrother.__Theboywho/thatissittingonthechairismybrother.__④Thecityisnearthesea.Thecityisverybeautiful.__Thecitywhich/thatisneartheseaisverybeautiful.__三、關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析1．關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which的情況(1)當先行詞是all,much,anything,nothing,everything，little,none等不定代詞時或先行詞被all，much，any，no，every，some，little等不定代詞修飾時Shetoldmeeverythingthatsheknew.她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。(2)先行詞既有人又有物時IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚地記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。(3)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他們參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。(4)先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的最好的電影。(5)先行詞為thelast,theonly,thevery,thesame等或被這些詞修飾時Mr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他唯一認識的外國人。ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.這正是我那天晚上睡覺的房間。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名師點津thesame…as與thesame…that的區(qū)別一般情況下，thesame…as指的是與先行詞同類的事物/人，而thesame…that與先行詞指的是同一個事物/人。ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.這和我昨天買的那支鋼筆一樣。(同一類，表相似)ThisisthesamepenthatIborrowedfromMrLi.這就是我從李老師那里借的鋼筆。(同一物，表同一)(6)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時Whichisthetruestorythathetoldus?他給我們講的哪一個故事是真實的？2．關(guān)系代詞用which而不用that的情況(1)先行詞為that時—What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?桌子底下的那個東西是什么？—It’safootball.那是一個足球。(2)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他住的房間。(3)引導非限制性定語從句時Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名師點津強調(diào)句與定語從句的區(qū)別Itwasthestudentthat/whoaskedthesillyquestion.就是這個學生問了這么一個愚蠢的問題。(強調(diào)句)Hewasthestudentwhoaskedthesillyquestion.他就是那個問了愚蠢問題的學生。(定語從句)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學即練選詞填空(that/which)①Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__that__hehadstolentothepolice.②Haveyouanybooks__that__areworthreading?③Thisisthebestfilm__that__Ihaveeverseen.④I’mgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeople__that__Ihavevisited.⑤Bambooishollow,__which__makesitverylight.專項練習Ⅰ．單句語法填空1．Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses__that/which__arebuiltclosetoeachother.2．Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents__which/that__allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.3．Theprizewillgotothewriter__whose__storyshowsthemostimagination.4．I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool__who/whom/that__ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.5．—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes,there’sonepoint__that/which__wemustinsiston.6．Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething__that__wassomeoneelse’sfault.7．Jackisthemostintelligentman__that/who/whom__I’veevermet.8．Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,__which__isnamedafterhisgrandfather.9．Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho__wears__(wear)eveningdress.10．Ihavethesamemagazine__as__youboughtjustnow.Ⅱ．完成句子1．Thisisthemagazine__(that/which)Ilikebest__.這就是我最喜歡的那本雜志。2．Thegirl__who/thatissinging__isoneofmyclassmates.正在唱歌的女孩是我的一個同學。3．We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__(that)wesawlastnight__.我們正在討論昨晚見到的鋼琴和鋼琴家。4．Everything__thatshouldbedone__hasbeendone.應當做的事情已經(jīng)做了。5．Thisafternoonwe’llgotoseethephotoshow__(that/which)youhavevisited__.今天下午我們要去看你們參觀過的照片展。6．I’lltellyou__all(that)hetoldmelastweek__.我要告訴你他上周告訴我的一切。7．Thattree__whoseflowersarelightred__looksverybeautiful.那棵開著淡紅色的花的樹看起來很漂亮。8．Thegirl__(who/whom/that)theyaretalkingabout__isTom’ssister.他們正在談論的女孩是湯姆的妹妹。9．Canyoulendmethebook__(that/which)youboughtyesterday__?你能借給我你昨天買的那本書嗎？10．Isthisthefactory__(that/which)youvisited__theotherday?這是你那天參觀過的那家工廠嗎？Ⅲ．使用定語從句簡要介紹你的家人和你。1．我父親在本市非常著名的一家醫(yī)院工作。(which/that)2．我的母親就在我上學的那所學校教數(shù)學。(that)3．她喜歡看著名演員主演的電視劇。(whose)4．我是一個熱愛籃球的男孩。(who)5．我有幾個經(jīng)常一起打籃球的好朋友。(whom)___________________________________________________