2022-2023學(xué)年江西省南昌市重點中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬英語試題（原卷版+解析版無聽力音頻無聽力原文）

第第頁2022-2023學(xué)年江西省南昌市重點中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬英語試題（原卷版+解析版，無聽力音頻無聽力原文）南昌十中2022-2023學(xué)年

高三一模模擬英語試題

本試卷總分150分，考試時間120分鐘

第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman

A.Askforleave.B.Repairhercar.C.Giveheralift.

2.Whichmuseumdidthegirlvisit

A.TheScienceMuseum.B.TheNatureMuseum.C.TheArtMuseum.

3.Whydoesthewomancometotheman

A.Topickhimup.B.Todothewashing.C.Togethercontainerback.

4.WhatdoesthewomanaskJohntodo

A.Cleanthekitchen.B.Tastethechicken.C.Cutthechicken.

5.Whatdoesthemanmean

A.Heisagoodcook.

B.Heisn’tgoodatcooking.

CHelikesthewoman’scooking.

第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.WhatdidAmydoonSaturdaymorning

A.Shewentshopping.B.Shewentjogging.C.Shewenttothegym.

7.WhendidAmygoonadate

A.OnSaturdaynight.B.OnSundayafternoon.C.OnSundaynight.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.HowmuchtimeisleftforthemantopickGretaup

A.45minutes.B.25minutes.C.20minutes.

9.Whydoesthewomanthinkthemaniscrazy

A.Hedoesn’thavebreakfast.

B.Heatetheappleinherbag.

C.He’llbuyfoodattheairport.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Whatwastheboy’smotherdoingwhenhefell

A.Puttingawayhistoys.B.Lookingafterhissister.C.Sittinginthelivingroom.

11.Whydidtheboyfalloutofthewindow

A.Hetriedtocatchhisbiscuit.

B.Hefelloutofthebrokenchair.

C.Hepushedhardtoopenthewindow.

12.Whatpartoftheboy’sbodygothurt

A.Hisleg.B.Hisarm.C.Hishead.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whodoesthispenbelongto

A.Theman’sson.B.Theman’swife.C.Theman’sdaughter.

14.Whatcolorpenisunavailablenow

A.Purple.B.Black.C.Yellow.

15.Howmuchdoesthepenwitharedleathercovercost

A.$14.B.$13.C.$11.

16.Whatwillthemanprobablydo

A.Comeagaintomorrow.B.Buyanotherpennow.C.Waitforthewoman’scall.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whydidthespeakerhurrytogotoschool

A.Hehadtoborrowbooks.

B.Hewasafraidtobelate.

C.Herushedtohandinhispapers.

18.Whatwasthespeaker’sattitudetowardstheoldman

A.Indifferent.B.Bad.C.Polite.

19.Whodidtheoldmanturntobe

A.Thenewteacher.B.Afamouswriter.C.Theheadmaster.

20.Whatdoesthespeakertalkabout

A.Anexcitinglunchparty.

B.Awell-knownshortstory.

C.Anunforgettableexperience.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30)

A

Today’smoderntravelersarejourneyingfurthertoexploreEuropeoffthebeatentrack,andbringinghomenewskillsandexperience.Hereare4ideasforanunusualholidayinEurope.

VolunteerinTransylvania

TransylvaniaisatopchoiceforanunusualEuropeancitybreak,withwonderfullypreservedmedieval(中世紀(jì)的)townsandcastlesthatinspiredthefamousnovelDracula.Inaddition,youcantakeyourunusualholidayexperienceevenfurtherbyvolunteeringinEasternEurope’slargestbearreserveandworkingwithbears.

TeachskiinginAustria

AustriaisoneofEurope’stopskiingdestinations.Ifyou’relookingforamoreunusualwaytospendawinterholiday,whynotconsidertrainingtobeaskiinstructorthereYou’llgainaqualificationthatisrecognizedworldwide,andthisprogrammeincludesaguaranteedpaidinstructorjobataskiresort(旅游勝地)onceyouhavefinishedyourtraining.

GodivinginSpain

ForaEuropeanholidaywithadifference,takepartinaplasticcleanupprojectbasedinBarcelona,helptoemptyplasticwasteintheMediterraneanSeaandhelpprotecttheenvironmentasyoutravel.Thisvolunteerprojectcombinesdivingwithcollectingplasticorotherwastefromthewater,alongsidegivingyouthechancetoexplorethecity.

ExploreTuscanyonhorseback

Tuscany,oneofthebestplacesinEuropetoexploreonhorseback,haswitnessedasharpincreaseintravelers.TherearevariousactivitiesthatcombinesightseeingwithbasichorseridinglessonsandyoucanstayinRenaissancevillas(文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格的別墅)andfarmhouses.Youdon’tneedtohaveanyexperienceforhorseridingholidays,andtheyareabrilliantalternativetoyourtypicalguidedtour.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestdoinginTransylvania

A.Findingajobinthecastle.

B.Helpingtocareforbears.

C.ReadingthenovelDracula.

D.Visitingitsmodernbuildings.

2.Wherecanyouhelptoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletraveling

A.InSpain.B.InTuscany.

C.InTransylvania.D.InAustria.

3.WhatdoweknowabouthorseridingholidaysinTuscany

A.Theysuitexperiencedriders.

B.TheyareuniquetoTuscany.

C.Theyaregrowinginpopularity.

D.Theyfeatureatypicalguidedtour.

【答案】1.B2.A3.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了歐洲的四個不同尋常的旅游度假勝地。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Inaddition,youcantakeyourunusualholidayexperienceevenfurtherbyvolunteeringinEasternEurope’slargestbearreserveandworkingwithbears.(此外，你可以在東歐最大的熊保護區(qū)做志愿者，并與熊一起工作，從而讓你的不同尋常的假期體驗更進一步。)”可知，建議游客在特蘭西瓦尼亞旅行時去東歐最大的熊保護區(qū)做志愿者，幫忙照顧熊。故選B項。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“ForaEuropeanholidaywithadifference,takepartinaplasticcleanupprojectbasedinBarcelona,helptoemptyplasticwasteintheMediterraneanSeaandhelpprotecttheenvironmentasyoutravel.(對于一個與眾不同的歐洲假期，參加一個位于巴塞羅那的塑料清理項目，幫助清理地中海的塑料垃圾，并在旅行時保護環(huán)境。)”可知，游客在西班牙潛水的時候也可以清除海里的塑料垃圾從而為環(huán)保出一分力。故選A項。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Tuscany,oneofthebestplacesinEuropetoexploreonhorseback,haswitnessedasharpincreaseintravelers.(托斯卡納是歐洲騎馬探險的最佳地點之一，游客數(shù)量急劇增加。)”可知，托斯卡納是騎馬度假的勝地之一，來這個地區(qū)游玩的游客數(shù)量激增。由此可推知，托斯卡納的騎馬度假越來越受歡迎。故選C項。

B

OverlookingtheDavis—GantVarsitySoccerField,abedofoverturnedsoilwaitsforfurtherdevelopment.Inafewyears,thisareawillbecomeanaturalhabitatandaplaygroundforanimalsandresidents.Thispeacefulareadidn’tappearnaturally,butthroughplanningandactiontakenbyCatlinGabel’sTinyForestprojectlaunchedbyteacherPatrickWalsh.

Foreststypicallytakehundredsofyearstomature,withfourstagesofgrowth.“Tinyforestsflattenouttimethroughtheplantingofallfourlayers(層),”Walshexplained.Theendresultisafast—growing,nativeforestinabout20years.Over600plantsfrom43specieswillbeplantedinthetinyforest,thefirstoneinOregon.

Walshwasinspiredtobuildatinyforestafterhearingaboutthisidea,whichemergedinJapanandhastakenholdinNorthAmerica.Hesharedhisvisionwithseniorsinhisclass.TheseniorsresearchedtinyforestsandmadeaproposalresultinginCleanWaterServicesdonating60treesand$5,000fromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.Armedwiththeseresources,Walshandthestudentsstartedworking.“SomethingIdidn’treallyexpectwastheoutpouringofstudents’enthusiasm.Seeingstudentsfromallgradesvolunteeredtocontributetothe‘dirtywork’reallyblewmeaway,”Walshsaid.

SeniorMeganCoverhasbeenattheschoolsincethefirstgrade.“I’llgraduateafterworkingonthisproject,whichissurelysad,butit’sreallyrewardingandgreattobeapartofthisprojectandtodomybit.We’recreatingthiseducationalspaceformanyyoungkids,”Coversaid.

Walshsummeduphisgoaloftheproject,whichistobuildaplacewherestudentscanenjoyandlearnaboutnature.“Theforestwillobviouslynotsolveclimatechange,butitwoulddeservetheeffortsifthekidsthinkaboutclimatechangeandremembertheimportanceofreforestationandtreeswhentheylookoutsideattheforest.”

4.Whatisspecialabouttinyforests

A.TheyoriginatedinNorthAmerica.

B.Theyareusuallyplantedinschools.

C.Theycontainvarioustypesoftrees.

D.Theybecomematureinashortertime.

5.WhatsurprisedWalshintheprocessofplantingthetinyforest

A.Theabundanceofnativetreespecies.

B.Publicconcernabouttheenvironment.

C.Theactiveparticipationofstudents.

D.Supportfromlocalorganizations.

6.HowdoesMeganCoverfeelabouttheproject

A.Proud.B.Hopeful.C.Excited.D.Grateful.

7.WhatdoesWalshwanttheforesttofunctionasforthestudents

A.Asourceofenjoyment.B.Areminder.

C.Asourceofinspiration.D.Awitness.

【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在老師PatrickWalsh的帶領(lǐng)下，學(xué)校的學(xué)生合力種下了一片小森林，在若干年后，這個地區(qū)將成為動物和居民的自然棲息地和游樂場。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Foreststypicallytakehundredsofyearstomature,withfourstagesofgrowth.“Tinyforestsflattenouttimethroughtheplantingofallfourlayers(層),”Walshexplained.Theendresultisafast—growing,nativeforestinabout20years.(森林通常需要數(shù)百年才能成熟，有四個生長階段。Walsh解釋說：“小森林通過種植所有四層植物將時間變快。”最終的結(jié)果是在大約20年的時間里，一個快速生長的原生森林。)”可知森林通常需要數(shù)百年才能成熟，但是小森林的生長時間大大縮短了，即他們在較短的時間內(nèi)變得成熟；故選D項。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中““SomethingIdidn’treallyexpectwastheoutpouringofstudents’enthusiasm.Seeingstudentsfromallgradesvolunteeredtocontributetothe‘dirtywork’reallyblewmeaway,”Walshsaid.(“我沒有預(yù)料到的是學(xué)生們的熱情會如此高漲。看到來自各個年級的學(xué)生自愿參與‘臟活’，我真的驚呆了?！盬alsh說。)”可知Walsh沒有預(yù)料到學(xué)生們的熱情會如此高，各個年級的學(xué)生都積極參與進來，這讓他震驚；故選C項。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“SeniorMeganCoverhasbeenattheschoolsincethefirstgrade.“I’llgraduateafterworkingonthisproject,whichissurelysad,butit’sreallyrewardingandgreattobeapartofthisprojectandtodomybit.We’recreatingthiseducationalspaceformanyyoungkids,”Coversaid.(高三學(xué)生Megan從一年級開始就在學(xué)校了?！拔覍⒃谕瓿蛇@個項目之后畢業(yè)，這當(dāng)然令人難過，但是能夠參與這個項目并盡自己的一份力量，真的是一件非常有意義和偉大的事情。我們正在為許多年輕孩子創(chuàng)造這樣的教育空間?！?”可知Megan認(rèn)為這是一件非常有意義和偉大的事情，由此可推斷，她為自己能夠參與到小森林項目中為孩子們創(chuàng)造一片具有教育意義的空間感到自豪；故選A項。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中““Theforestwillobviouslynotsolveclimatechange,butitwoulddeservetheeffortsifthekidsthinkaboutclimatechangeandremembertheimportanceofreforestationandtreeswhentheylookoutsideattheforest.”(森林顯然不能解決氣候變化問題，但是如果孩子們能夠考慮到氣候變化問題，并且在看到森林的時候記住重新造林和樹木的重要性，那么這些努力都是值得的?！?”可知，Walsh認(rèn)為如果孩子們看到小森林時能想到氣候變化問題以及重新造林和樹木的重要性，那他們付出的努力就值得；由此可推斷，Walsh希望小森林能夠?qū)W(xué)生們起到提醒作用，故選B項。

C

LilaGleitmanwasdrivinghertwo-year-olddaughterinthecarwhen,goingacrossasharpturn,sheadvisedherdaughterto“holdontight”.Thekidresponded,“Isn’tthat‘tightly’”

Itwasaturningpointinhercareer.Realizingthathertwo-year-oldalreadyhadanunderstandingoflanguagemadeGleitmanwanttogetintoherchild’shead.Shewondered:Whatdoessheknow,andwhendoessheknowit

Gleitmanturnedthosequestionsintoaresearchcareerthathelpeddefinepsycholinguistics(心理語言學(xué)).HerearlyinterestcoincidedwithNoamChomsky,afrequentvisitortotheUniversityofPennsylvaniawhenshestudiedthere.Thetwoscholarsconsideredthatthementalsystemswhichmightproducethesentencesyouhear,areshapedbyabstractrulesthatspeakersmaynotevenknowthattheyknow.

AnearlypieceofGleitman’sresearch,forexample,researchedsmallchildren’s“telegraphic”speech,inwhichmanywordsareleftout:akidmightsay“throwball”ratherthan“throwmetheball”.Thisseemstoimplythatthechild’sknowledgeisinstinctive.Butshefoundthatchildrenobeyinstructionsbetterwhentheirparentsuseadult-styleEnglishthanwhentheycopytheirkids.

Soparentsdonotneedtouse“motherese”—herhusbandHenry’sterm—withtheirchildren.Shefoundthattheirprogressivemasteryoflanguageruleshadlittletodowithhowmuch(orlittle)motheresetheircaregiversused.

Asthelearningprocessgoeson,childrendeploysomeremarkablestrategies.Theyoftenseemtocorrectlyguesswhatawordmeansafterhearingitjustonce.Thephysicalenvironmentisanobviousencouragement(aswhentheyhear“dog”andseeoneatthesametime).Buthowwouldachildguessthemeaningoftheverbin“Ibelievedthathelosthiskeys”Gleitmannoticedthatthesentencestructureisidenticaltothosewithotherverbsthatmeansimilarthings:saw,remembered,worriedanddoubted.Morebroadly,itturnedoutthatverbswhicharesimilarinmeaningtendtoturnupinsimilarsentencestructures.Thishelpschildrenlearnquickly,aprocessshecalled“syntacticbootstrapping(語法自舉)”.

8.WhatwastheturningpointinGleitman’scareer

A.Herhusband’spersuasion.

B.Onesuggestionfromherprofessor.

C.HermeetingwithNoamChomsky.

D.Onesentencefromherdaughter.

9.Whendokidsfollowtheirparents’instructionsbetter

A.Whentheparentsuse“motherese”.

B.Whentheparentsuseadult-styleEnglish.

C.Whentheparentscopytheirkids’languages.

D.Whentheparentsadoptremarkablestrategies.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deploy”inthelastparagraphprobablymean

A.Abandon.B.Plan.C.Change.D.Use.

11.HowdoesakidknowthemeaningofaverbaccordingtoGleitman

A.Bylookingitupinadictionary.

B.B.Bybeingtoldbyhisorherparents.

C.Byguessingitfromsentencestructures.

D.D.Bylearningitinhisorherschool.

【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了LilaGleitman因女兒的一句話改變了職業(yè)生涯，創(chuàng)立了心理語言學(xué)以及她和另外一位學(xué)者隨后在兒童語言學(xué)習(xí)方面進行的一些研究。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“LilaGleitmanwasdrivinghertwo-year-olddaughterinthecarwhen,goingacrossasharpturn,sheadvisedherdaughterto“holdontight”.Thekidresponded,“Isn’tthat‘tightly’”(LilaGleitman駕駛著兩歲的女兒在車上行駛時，遇到急轉(zhuǎn)彎時，她建議女兒‘抓緊’。孩子回答說：‘這不應(yīng)該是這個緊嗎？’)”可知，在和女兒對話時，女兒對她關(guān)于“緊”的表達(dá)產(chǎn)生了疑問；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Itwasaturningpointinhercareer.(這是她職業(yè)生涯的轉(zhuǎn)折點)”可知，前文女兒對于詞匯的疑問成了Gleitman事業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)折點。故選D項。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Butshefoundthatchildrenobeyinstructionsbetterwhentheirparentsuseadult-styleEnglishthanwhentheycopytheirkids.(但她發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)父母使用成人風(fēng)格的英語時，孩子們比他們模仿孩子時更遵守指令)”可知，LilaGleitman發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)父母使用成人式英語時，孩子們能更好地聽從他們的指示。故選B項。

【10題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Theyoftenseemtocorrectlyguesswhatawordmeansafterhearingitjustonce.(他們往往在聽到一次單詞后就能正確地猜出它的意思)”可知，孩子們似乎經(jīng)常會在聽到一個詞一次后立刻猜出這個詞的正確含義，這是孩子們在學(xué)習(xí)語言時運用一些策略。因此，可推測deploy應(yīng)意為“利用”，與use“利用”意思相近。故選D項。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Morebroadly,itturnedoutthatverbswhicharesimilarinmeaningtendtoturnupinsimilarsentencestructures.Thishelpschildrenlearnquickly,aprocessshecalled“syntacticbootstrapping(語法自舉)”.(更廣泛地說，事實證明，意義相似的動詞往往出現(xiàn)在相似的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中。這有助于孩子快速學(xué)習(xí)，這個過程被她稱為‘語法自舉’)”可知，孩子們會從相似的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中猜測單詞的含義。故選C項。

D

It’soneoftheultimatetestsofwillpower:you’vebeenwanderingaroundthemarketforhoursandyou’retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchasmellofsomethingfragrant(香的)anddelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Junkfoodcompaniesarewellawarethatthesmelloftheirproductsetsoffadesireinyourbrainandthatyou’llpayforthatlater.Itisaresponsethathasbeenresearched,andyou’dbetterbelieveyourfavoritefast-foodchainshavemarketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheiradvantage.

Let’stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverindulgentfood(放縱型食品)catchesyourattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellitAcoupleofminuteslateryouarestandinginline,anditisn’tquiteinvitingasitwasjustmomentsago,butnowyou’veinvestedtime,soyoutrustyourfirstfeelingtotreatyourself.

Butarecentstatementsaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.DipayanBiswas,amarketingprofessor,foundthereisadirectconnectionbetweenhowlongapersonisexposedtoindulgentfoodsmellsandchoosinghealthierfoods.“Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethantwominutestojunkfoodsmellsleadstofewerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithnosmelloranon-junk-food-relatedsmell,”readsthesummaryofhisstudy.

Whatappearstobegoingonhereisthatthebraindoesn’tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellandapleasanttaste.“Extendedexposuretoanindulgentfoodsmellbringspleasureinthemind,whichinturnreducesthedesireforactualconsumptionofindulgentfoods,”heexplains.Sonexttimeyoufeelyoudon’thavethewillpowertoresistcookies,smellallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.Toyourbrainit’sthesameasactuallyeatingcookies,andthepurchasedesirewoulddecrease.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboutjunkfoodsmellsfromthefirstparagraph

A.Theycanmakeadifferenceinmarketing.

B.Theyhardlyaffectpeople’sfoodchoices.

C.Theyareunlikelytofoolwisecustomers.

D.Theyfinallydecreasepeople’spurchasedesire.

13.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphbasicallyserveas

A.Anargument.B.Anexample.C.Acomparison.D.Acomment.

14.WhichstatementwillBiswasprobablyagreewith

A.Thebraincan’ttellwheresensorypleasureisfrom.

B.Thesensesoftasteandsmellarecloselylinked.

C.Theinfluenceoffoodsmellschangesovertime.

D.Thebehaviorofsmellingfooddoesn’tequaleatingit.

15.Whichofthefollowingcouldthebesttitleforthetext

A.TrainYourBraintoResistJunkFood

B.WatchOutforTrickyMarketingTools

C.FoodAddictionIsNeverAboutWillpower

D.SmellingJunkFoodLongerCanKeepYouOffIt

【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要說明長時間聞垃圾食品的氣味會降低消費者的購買欲望。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Itisaresponsethathasbeenresearched,andyou’dbetterbelieveyourfavoritefast-foodchainshavemarketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheiradvantage.”（這種反應(yīng)已經(jīng)被研究，你最好相信你最喜歡的快餐連鎖店的營銷團隊利用該研究為自身謀利。）可知，垃圾食品公司知道他們產(chǎn)品的氣味會激起人們的購買欲望，在營銷中也會利用這一特點謀利。故選A。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Let’stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.”（讓我們仔細(xì)看看這個過程。）并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本段以人們的切身經(jīng)歷為例，具體說明垃圾食品的氣味對人們的購買行為產(chǎn)生的影響。故選B。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中最后一句“Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethantwominutestojunkfoodsmellsleadstofewerpurchasesofunhealthyfoods”（一系列的實驗結(jié)果表明，聞垃圾食品的氣味超過兩分鐘會導(dǎo)致對不健康食品的購買欲降低）可知，Biswas發(fā)現(xiàn)聞垃圾食品的氣味的時間變長，人們購買的欲望就降低，即：食物氣味的影響會隨著時間變長而改變，故選C。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Extendedexposuretoanindulgentfoodsmellbringspleasureinthemind,whichinturnreducesthedesireforactualconsumptionofindulgentfoods”（延長聞放縱型食品的時長會給大腦帶來滿足，這種滿足感會降低購買該種產(chǎn)品的欲望。）并結(jié)合上文實驗結(jié)果可知，本文主要介紹的是長時間聞垃圾食品的氣味會降低消費者的購買欲望。故選D。

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Somepeopleloveagreatthunderstorm;othersarefrightenedbythefirstflashoflightningorsoundofthunder.____16____Butthereareeasystepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhomeandyourlifefromlightning.

ProtectElectronicsfromSevereWeather

____17____Itcanfollowthewiresorphonelinesintoyourroom—ruiningcomputers,TVsandotherelectronics.Oneprotectionagainstelectronicsbeing“fried”bylightningissimplytounplugthemwheneverarainorastormiscoming.DisconnectInternetandsatellitedishconnectionsnomatterwheretheyare.

ReducetheRiskofFire

Lightningrods(避雷針)canprotectabuildingfromcatchingfire.____18____Theyjustprovideapathfortheelectricitytoreachthegroundmoresafely.Therodsatthetopofthebuildingareonlythefirstpartofagoodsystem.Whenlightningstrikes,theelectricityneedstomovetotheground.Wiresconductelectricityfromthelightningrodstometalrodsburiedintheground.____19____

UnderstandLightning

Whenlightninghitstheground,atree,atowerorevenabuilding,itmayalsospreadsalongtheground,sobeingnearsomethingthat’sstruckbylightningisalmostasdangerousasbeinghitdirectlybylightning.____20____TheEmpireStateBuildinggetsstruckbylightningaround20timeseveryyear.Itslightningrodprotectsthestructure,aswellasthepeopleinside.

A.Itcanevenstrikethesamespotmorethanonce.

B.Youmightwanttoconsiderprotectinganentirebuilding.

C.Whenthishappens,anythinginitspathcouldbeindanger.

D.Butthechanceoflightningstrikingyourhousedoesn’tchange.

E.Eachconnectionmustbesecuresolightningdoesn’tjumptothebuilding.

F.Lightninghittingyourroofornearbypowerlinesisterriblebutnotworst.

G.Whetheryouloveorhatethem,thunderstormsproducedangerouslightning.

【答案】16.G17.F18.D19.E20.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。本文介紹了人們在雷雨天氣應(yīng)如何確保自己和財產(chǎn)安全。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Somepeopleloveagreatthunderstorm;othersarefrightenedbythefirstflashoflightningorsoundofthunder.(有些人喜歡大雷雨；另一些人則會被第一道閃電或雷聲嚇到)”以及后文“Butthereareeasystepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhomeandyourlifefromlightning.(但你可以采取一些簡單的措施來保護你的家和你的生活免受閃電的傷害)”可知，空前提到有些人喜歡雷雨天氣，有些人卻害怕閃電或雷聲。空后又提到可采取一些簡單的措施來保護你的家和你的生活免受閃電的傷害。G項中的“Whetheryouloveorhatethem”與前文相呼應(yīng)，“thunderstormsproducedangerouslightning”說明了人們?yōu)槭裁葱枰扇〈胧┮苑朗艿絺?，與后文呼應(yīng)。故G項“不管你喜歡還是討厭雷暴，雷暴都會產(chǎn)生危險的閃電”符合語境。故選G。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Itcanfollowthewiresorphonelinesintoyourroom—ruiningcomputers,TVsandotherelectronics.(它可以跟隨電線或電話線進入你的房間，破壞電腦、電視和其他電子產(chǎn)品)”可知，空后提到它會順著電線或電話線進入你的家，毀壞電腦、電視和其他電子設(shè)備。由此可推斷，空處應(yīng)介紹閃電發(fā)生時的一種情況。F項提到“閃電擊中了你家的屋頂或附近的輸電線，這很糟糕但不是最壞的”，與空后一句描述的更糟糕的情況銜接。故選F。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Lightningrods(避雷針)canprotectabuildingfromcatchingfire.(避雷針可以防止建筑物著火)”以及后文“Theyjustprovideapathfortheelectricitytoreachthegroundmoresafely.(它們只是為電力更安全地到達(dá)地面提供了一條通道)”可知，空前提到避雷針能保護建筑物避免著火，空后提到它們只是為閃電提供了一條更安全到達(dá)地面的通道。再根據(jù)空后的just可推斷，空處應(yīng)指出了避雷針不能起到的作用。D項“但是閃電擊中你的房子的概率不會改變”與上下文相銜接。故選D。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Wiresconductelectricityfromthelightningrodstometalrodsburiedintheground.(電線將電流從避雷針傳導(dǎo)到埋在地下的金屬棒)”可知，空前提到避雷針只是一個良好的安全系統(tǒng)的首要環(huán)節(jié)電纜將電從避雷針導(dǎo)入埋在地下的金屬棒。由此可知，空處應(yīng)與用電纜導(dǎo)電可能會帶來的危險及應(yīng)對措施有關(guān)。故E項“每處接頭都必須安全以防閃電移動至建筑物上”承接上文。故選E。

【20題詳解】

根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題和空后“TheEmpireStateBuildinggetsstruckbylightningaround20timeseveryyear.Itslightningrodprotectsthestructure,aswellasthepeopleinside.(帝國大廈每年被閃電擊中約20次。它的避雷針保護著建筑物，也保護著里面的人)”可知，空處應(yīng)與同一個地方可能多次被閃電擊中有關(guān)。本句是對下文現(xiàn)象的概括描述，A選項中的“morethanonce”與下文的“around20times”相照應(yīng)，故A項“它甚至可以擊中同一個地點不止一次”符合語境。故選A。

第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)

第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

WhenIwasinprimaryschool,myschoolhadanannualsportsday.Usually,girlswere____21____insportslikejumpropeandboysdidthehighjump,whichIwas____22____totakepartin.Iwentto____23____up,butthecoachsaid,“Girlsdon’tdothehighjump.”

Iwenthomeand____24____Momofthecoach’swords.Shevisitedtheheadmasterthenextday.“Mr.White,Lindawantstodothehighjump.”“Sorry,Mrs.Martinez,butit’sour____25____thatgirlscan’tdoit,”hesaid.“ButMr.White,Ihaveno____26____ofanyrulessayingthat.”Findingnosuchrules,Mr.White,feeling____27____,said“Ihavetoconsiderit”atlast.

Whenwegothome,MomtoldmesomethingIwouldalways____28____:Thiswasn’tjustaboutme.Othergirls____29____wantedtodothis,too.Aweeklater,MomwenttoMr.Whiteagain.Finally,he_____30_____.Asitturnedout,Iwonthehighjumpcompetition.Tomy_____31_____,someofthecheersIgotwerefromboys!Mymotherwas_____32_____—itwasn’taboutme.Itwasaboutmakingpeople_____33_____andseewhatgirlscoulddo.Later,Iusedthis_____34_____inmycareerasabuildingcontractor—womenweren’t_____35_____toconstructbuildings.WhenIfirst_____36_____thebusiness,Momsaid,“Goahead.Startsmall,butthink_____37_____.”Istartedwithsmallprojectsandnowmycompanycanhandlelargeones.

Thoseexperiencestaughtmethoughpeoplewouldn’talways_____38_____us,weshouldbebravetojumpover_____39_____andtakepathsfewgirlsandwomenwouldtake.Andthishasreallymadea_____40_____.

21.A.interestedB.involvedC.skilledD.gifted

22.A.anxiousB.hesitantC.readyD.afraid

23.A.buildB.fixC.makeD.sign

24.A.remindedB.informedC.convincedD.warned

25.A.conventionB.conclusionC.compromiseD.criterion

26.A.opinionB.senseC.knowledgeD.intention

27.A.concernedB.annoyedC.discouragedD.embarrassed

28.A.rememberB.undertakeC.considerD.seek

29.A.accidentallyB.obviouslyC.probablyD.rarely

30.A.insistedB.agreedC.declinedD.quit

31.A.satisfactionB.delightC.reliefD.surprise

32.A.certainB.wrongC.rightD.realistic

33.A.thinkaboutB.argueaboutC.approveofD.talkof

34.A.ruleB.remarkC.truthD.lesson

35.A.demandedB.qualifiedC.supposedD.designed

36.A.madewayforB.setfootinC.threwlightonD.kepttrackof

37.A.bigB.hardC.longD.deep

38.A.helpB.mindC.acceptD.need

39.A.polesB.fencesC.risksD.boundaries

40.A.pointB.differenceC.startD.hit

【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.B25.A26.C27.D28.A29.C30.B31.D32.C33.A34.D35.C36.B37.A38.C39.D40.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。通過自己參加學(xué)校運動會和創(chuàng)業(yè)的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：要勇于打破界限，胸懷大志，從小事做起。

【21題詳解】

考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：通常，女孩子參加跳繩之類的運動，男孩子（參加）跳高，我很想?yún)⒓犹?。A.(be)interested(in)對……感興趣；B.(be)involved(in)參與；C.(be)skilled(in)擅長；D.(be)gifted(in)在……方面有天賦。根據(jù)下文“Girlsdon’tdothehighjump.”可推知，在學(xué)校里通常女孩參與跳繩之類的運動，不參與跳高，beinvolvedin“參與”符合語境。故選B。

【22題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通常，女孩子參加跳繩之類的運動，男孩子（參加）跳高，我很想?yún)⒓犹?。A.anxious渴望的；B.hesitant猶豫的；C.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；D.afraid害怕的。根據(jù)下文“Lindawantstodothehighjump”可知，渴望參加跳高項目。故選A。

【23題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我去報名，但教練說：“女生不跳高?！盇.build(up)建立；B.fix(up)修理；C.make(up)組成，構(gòu)成；D.sign(up)報名。根據(jù)下文“…butthecoachsaid,“Girlsdon’tdothehighjump.”可知，教練拒絕參加跳高項目，所以應(yīng)該是去報名了。故選D。

【24題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我回到家，把教練的話告訴了媽媽。A.reminded提醒；B.informed告知；C.convinced使確信；D.warned使警惕。根據(jù)下文“Momofthecoach’swords”可推知，應(yīng)該是被教練的話告訴了媽媽。故選B。

【25題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他說：“對不起，馬丁內(nèi)斯太太，但我們的慣例是女孩不能這樣做?！盇.convention慣例；B.conclusion結(jié)論；C.compromise妥協(xié)（或折中）方案；D.criterion標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)上文“Usually,girlswere____1____insportslikejumpropeandboysdidthehighjump”可知，此處指校長說女生不參加跳高是學(xué)校的慣例。故選A。

【26題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，懷特先生，我不知道有什么規(guī)定這么說。A.opinion看法；B.sense理解力；C.knowledge知道；D.intention目的。根據(jù)下文“ofanyrulessayingthat”可推知，的媽媽應(yīng)該是和校長說不知道有女生不參加跳高的規(guī)定，knowledge“知道”符合語境，havenoknowledgeof是固定短語，意為“不知道”。故選C。

【27題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：懷特先生發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有這樣規(guī)定，感到很尷尬，最后說了“我必須考慮一下”。A.concerned擔(dān)心的；B.annoyed惱怒的；C.discouraged沮喪的；D.embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)上文“Findingnosuchrules”可知，校長發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有這樣的規(guī)定，所以應(yīng)該會感到尷尬。故選D。

【28題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：回到家后，媽媽對我說了一些我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記的話：這不僅僅是我一個人的事。A.remember記得；B.undertake承擔(dān)；C.consider仔細(xì)考慮；D.seek謀求。根據(jù)下文“Thiswasn’tjustaboutme”和后來的經(jīng)歷可推知，一直記著媽媽說的話。故選A。

【29題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：其他女孩可能也想這么做。A.accidentally偶然地；B.obviously顯然；C.probably可能；D.rarely很少。根據(jù)上文“Thiswasn’tjustaboutme”可知，媽媽認(rèn)為這件事不僅關(guān)乎一個人，所以應(yīng)該是其他女孩可能也想這么做。故選C。

【30題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，他同意了。A.insisted堅持；B.agreed同意；C.declined拒絕；D.quit放棄。根據(jù)下文“Iwonthehighjumpcompetition”可知，贏了跳高比賽，所以校長最終應(yīng)該是同意了。故選B。

【31題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，我得到的一些歡呼來自男孩！A.satisfaction滿意；B.delight高興；C.relief寬慰；D.surprise驚訝。根據(jù)下文“someofthecheersIgotwerefromboys”可知，作為女生的在參加跳高比賽獲勝時有男生為其歡呼，這應(yīng)該會令感到驚訝。故選D。

【32題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我媽媽是對的，這和我無關(guān)。A.certain確定的；B.wrong錯誤的；C.right對的；D.realistic實際的。根據(jù)下文“itwasn’taboutme”可知，認(rèn)為媽媽之前說的話是對的。故選C。

【33題詳