高一英語必修二-Unit1語法課件

GrammarGrammar11.Theman

livesnextdoorisawriter.2.Thewoman

Ivisitedlastweekisafamouswriter.3.Beijingisthecity

hasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.4.Adictionaryisabook

youcanusetolearnmorewords.5.Thelittleboy

eyesareblueisholdingadog.6.Thehouse

roofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.

who/thatwho/whom/that/-which/that

which/that/-whosewhosewhenIbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear______NewChinawasfounded.Doyouknowthereason____hedidn’tcome?why9.Ican’tremembertheplace_________Iputmybook.where1.Theman2一、定語從句的定義：

用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞（antecedent）。定語從句一般是由關系代詞或關系副詞來引導的。相當于名詞和形容詞的作用。eg:1.Doyouknowtheman

whocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?

2.ThedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillmakeatriptoBritain.定語從句歸納總結一、定語從句的定義：定語從句歸納總結3二、關系代詞和關系副詞的作用：1、引導作用2、替代作用3、在定語從句中擔當某個成分的作用eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.二、關系代詞和關系副詞的作用：4關系代詞的用法關系代詞在從句中可以：whomwhowhichthatwhose√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√何時可以省略？做賓語時可以省略關系代詞的用法關系代詞在從句中可以：whomwhowhich5關系副詞的用法指代所做成分是否可省略whentimeadverbial（狀語）nowhereplaceadverbialnowhyreasonadverbialno關系副詞關系副詞的用法指代所做成分是否可省略whentimeadve6

that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)

youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.1)當先行詞是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few,only等修飾時.2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。3)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,7(5)先行詞是who或who引導的主句。

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Who

thatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引導時

Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(7)當先行詞在定語從句中作be表語時，關系代詞用that.Sheisn’tthegirl

thatshewas10yearsago.(8)當先行詞是which時，關系代詞用that.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?(4)當先行詞既有人又有物時,用關系代詞thatWeweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandtheschools

that

wehadvisitedthere.(5)先行詞是who或who引導的主句。Wh8關系代詞指物時只用which不用that的情況（1）在介詞之后Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.（2）當主句中的主語被that修飾時。eg.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.(3)在非限定性定語從句中必須用which不能用that。Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.關系代詞指物時只用which不用that的情況（1）在介詞之9

that和who在指人的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用who而不用that。1.先行詞為those,one,ones,peoples時

ThosewhoarefromQingdaocomethisway.2.當先行詞是用-body或-one構成的不定代詞時Isthereanybodyelsewhoshouldbeinvited

that和who在指人的情況下一般都可以互換,但10關系副詞when,where,why的用法

關系副詞都等于一個適當?shù)慕樵~＋which，在從句中作狀語When=in/at/on/during…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for+which

1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.關系副詞when,where,why的用法關系11A.Iknowaplacewhere

wecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/that

isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.Compare:關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中的不同成分（注意事項）A.Iknowaplacewhich/that12B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen

wespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.B.Iwillneverforgetthed13C.Thisisthereasonwhy

hewasdismissed.Thisisthereasonthat/which

heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.C.Thisisthereasonthat/14注意:關系代詞放在介詞后面，只能用which或whoma.Thisistheboywithwhomheworked.b.Thisistheboywhomheworkedwith.c.Thisistheboywhoheworkedwith.d.Thisistheboyheworkedwith.e.Thehousewhereweliveisnotlarge.f.Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.g.Thehousewhichweliveinisnotlarge.h.Thehouseweliveinisnotlarge.注意:關系代詞放在介詞后面，只能用which或whom15

as從句的先行詞是thesame,such,或被他們所修飾；在從句中做主語或賓語；多用于表示肯定意義的從句中，不用于表否定意義的從句中。 e.g.Manyofthesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted. Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected. Itwasraininghard,which/aswasunexpected.常用于asisknowntoall,asyouknow,asisexpected，thesame…as,such…as,as…as,so…as句型中，as不可省略…as從句的先行詞是thes16

1.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2.Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3.Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?4.Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.比較：

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMarry’swedding.

1.Suchpeopleasyoudesc17Which和as在引導非限定性定語從句時可以指代一件事，如：ThegentlemanadmiredMrs.Brown,whichsurprisedme.Aswehadexpected,hisperformancewasexcellent.在這時as可以在句首，which不可以；as有正如的意思，而which沒有。Which和as在引導非限定性定語從句時可以指代一件事，18八、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1．限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞?？墒÷?。如：a)Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere?

站在那邊的那個女人叫什么名字?b)Torontoisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.多倫多是我常想去參觀的一個城市。八、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1．限制性定語從句是192．非限制性定語從句和主句關系不十分密切，只是對先行詞作些附加的說明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開，一般不用that引導。非限制性定語從句中，關系詞不可省略。如：a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.

意大利的首都羅馬歷史非常悠久。b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇見金教授，他從倫敦大學來的。c)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhatIneeded.他借給我一本詞典，這正是我所需要的。2．非限制性定語從句和主句關系不十分密切，只是對先行詞作些附203.大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語，而特殊場合非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句，此時非限制性定語從句常由which引導。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一個中年女子殺害了其丈夫，這事令我十分恐懼。析：從語境可知，令我恐懼的內容應為中年女子殺害了其丈夫這整個一件事，因此先行詞為整個主句，此時應由which引導定語從句。3.大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短21eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一個五歲的男孩會講兩門外語，令所有在場的人感到非常驚訝。析：從語境可知，令所有在場的人感到驚訝的內容是一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語這整個一件事，因此先行詞為整個主句，此時應由which引導非限制性定語從句。eg.Afive-year-oldboycansp221.Someoftheroadswereflooded,

madeourjourneymoredifficult.2.Hehassmoothlyenteredakeymiddleschool,

makeshisparentsveryhappy.3.MrKing,

legswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.5.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,

storyIhavejusttoldyou.6.Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.7.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,______costmemorethan100yuan.8.MrSmith,____gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.9.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,______Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhosewhosewhichwhichwhowhom1.Someoftheroadswerefloo231.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那當兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學.（意含：她還有其他哥哥。）1.Herbrotherwhoisnowas24Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是當兵的，他總是鼓勵她上大學。（意含：她只有一個哥哥。）Herbrother,whoisnowasold252.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.所有里面帶插圖的書都寫得很好。（意含：不帶插圖的書則不一定寫得好。）2.Allthebooksthathavepi26Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.所有的書都帶插圖，這些書都寫得很好。（意含：沒有不帶插圖的書。）Allthebooks,whichhavepict27比較：a)Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.

Shehasmorethantwobrothers.她有兩個弟弟在這個城市工作。b)Shehastwobrothers,whoareworkinginthecity.

Shehasonlytwobrothers.她有兩個弟弟，他們在這個城市工作。比較：28下面兩個句子只有一個逗號之差，意義大相徑庭。a)Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不會穿一些使他顯得與眾不同的衣服。

b)Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不穿衣服，這會使他顯得與眾不同。下面兩個句子只有一個逗號之差，意義大相徑庭。291.Shewasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,_____madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what1.Shewasalwaysspeakinghig302.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where2.AfterlivinginParisforf313.Thegentleman_______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom3.Thegentleman_______yout324.Pleasetakeanyseat____isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that4.Pleasetakeanyseat____i335.Theoldmanhastwosons,_______isasoldier.A.oneofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.noneofthem5.Theoldmanhastwosons,346.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大樓)_____hasmorethan100storeys.A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhich6.NewYorkisfamousforits357.Myhomevillageisnolongerthesame_____itusedtobe.A.whichB.asC.whereD.when7.Myhomevillageisnolonge368.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,______manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.atwhichD.bywhichtime8.IntheofficeIneverseem379.Theboy______compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which9.Theboy______composition3810.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it10.Theweatherturnedoutto3911.Mr.Wangisaboss,______factoryLiPingworked.A.inwhoseB.whoseC.inwhomD.ofwhich11.Mr.Wangisaboss,______4012.Idon'tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.A./B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,andC12.Idon'tliketheway_____4113.Ishallneverforgettheyears_______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,——————hasagoodeffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who13.Ishallneverforgetthey4214._____isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30year’stime.A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.It14._____isknowntoall,Chi4315.Isthisbook_____youwanttoborrowfromthelibrary?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./15.Isthisbook_____youwan4416.Suchabook______youshowedmeisdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like16.Suchabook______yousho4517.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks_____werepopularthen.A./B.