2021-2023年高考數(shù)學(xué)真題分類(lèi)匯編專(zhuān)題05 立體幾何(選擇題、填空題)(文)(解析版)_第1頁(yè)
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專(zhuān)題05立體幾何(選擇題、填空題)(文)知識(shí)點(diǎn)目錄知識(shí)點(diǎn)1:三視圖知識(shí)點(diǎn)2:空間幾何體表面積、體積、側(cè)面積知識(shí)點(diǎn)3:空間直線(xiàn)、平面位置關(guān)系的判斷知識(shí)點(diǎn)4:線(xiàn)線(xiàn)角、線(xiàn)面角、二面角知識(shí)點(diǎn)5:外接球、內(nèi)切球問(wèn)題知識(shí)點(diǎn)6:立體幾何中的范圍與最值問(wèn)題及定值問(wèn)題近三年高考真題知識(shí)點(diǎn)1:三視圖1.(2022?浙江)某幾何體的三視圖如圖所示(單位:SKIPIF1<0,則該幾何體的體積(單位:SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由三視圖可知幾何體是上部為半球,中部是圓柱,下部是圓臺(tái),所以幾何體的體積為:SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.2.(2022?甲卷(文))如圖,網(wǎng)格紙上繪制的是一個(gè)多面體的三視圖,網(wǎng)格小正方形的邊長(zhǎng)為1,則該多面體的體積為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.8 B.12 C.16 D.20【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由多面體的三視圖得該多面體是一正四棱柱SKIPIF1<0,四棱柱的底面是直角梯形SKIPIF1<0,如圖,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0該多面體的體積為:SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.3.(2021?北京)某四面體的三視圖如圖所示,該四面體的表面積為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由三視圖還原原幾何體如圖,SKIPIF1<0底面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0是邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0的等邊三角形,則該四面體的表面積為SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.4.(2021?浙江)某幾何體的三視圖如圖所示(單位:SKIPIF1<0,則該幾何體的體積(單位:SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.3 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由三視圖還原原幾何體如圖,該幾何體為直四棱柱,底面四邊形SKIPIF1<0為等腰梯形,其中SKIPIF1<0,由三視圖可知,延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相交于一點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,等腰梯形的高為SKIPIF1<0,則該幾何體的體積SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.5.(2021?甲卷(文))在一個(gè)正方體中,過(guò)頂點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的三條棱的中點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.該正方體截去三棱錐SKIPIF1<0后,所得多面體的三視圖中,正視圖如圖所示,則相應(yīng)的側(cè)視圖是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A. B. C. D.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意,作出正方體,截去三棱錐SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)正視圖,可得SKIPIF1<0在正方體左側(cè)面,如圖,根據(jù)三視圖的投影,可得相應(yīng)的側(cè)視圖是SKIPIF1<0圖形,故選:SKIPIF1<0.6.(2021?乙卷(文))以圖①為正視圖,在圖②③④⑤中選兩個(gè)分別作為側(cè)視圖和俯視圖,組成某個(gè)三棱錐的三視圖,則所選側(cè)視圖和俯視圖的編號(hào)依次為(寫(xiě)出符合要求的一組答案即可).【解析】觀察正視圖,推出正視圖的長(zhǎng)為2和高1,②③圖形的高也為1,即可能為該三棱錐的側(cè)視圖,④⑤圖形的長(zhǎng)為2,即可能為該三棱錐的俯視圖,當(dāng)②為側(cè)視圖時(shí),結(jié)合側(cè)視圖中的直線(xiàn),可以確定該三棱錐的俯視圖為⑤,當(dāng)③為側(cè)視圖時(shí),結(jié)合側(cè)視圖虛線(xiàn),虛線(xiàn)所在的位置有立體圖形的輪廓線(xiàn),可以確定該三棱錐的俯視圖為④.故答案為:②⑤或③④.知識(shí)點(diǎn)2:空間幾何體表面積、體積、側(cè)面積7.(2023?甲卷(文))在三棱錐SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0是邊長(zhǎng)為2的等邊三角形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則該棱錐的體積為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.1 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.2 D.3【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】如圖,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,取SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0中,求得SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.8.(2023?天津)在三棱錐SKIPIF1<0中,線(xiàn)段SKIPIF1<0上的點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,線(xiàn)段SKIPIF1<0上的點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,則三棱錐SKIPIF1<0和三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積之比為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】在三棱錐SKIPIF1<0中,線(xiàn)段SKIPIF1<0上的點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,線(xiàn)段SKIPIF1<0上的點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為SKIPIF1<0.故三棱錐SKIPIF1<0和三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積之比為SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.9.(2021?新高考Ⅱ)正四棱臺(tái)的上、下底面的邊長(zhǎng)分別為2,4,側(cè)棱長(zhǎng)為2,則其體積為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】解法一:如圖SKIPIF1<0為正四棱臺(tái),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.在等腰梯形SKIPIF1<0中,過(guò)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,過(guò)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0正四棱臺(tái)的體積為:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.解法二:作出圖形,連接該正四棱臺(tái)上下底面的中心,如圖,SKIPIF1<0該四棱臺(tái)上下底面邊長(zhǎng)分別為2,4,側(cè)棱長(zhǎng)為2,SKIPIF1<0該棱臺(tái)的記SKIPIF1<0,下底面面積SKIPIF1<0,上底面面積SKIPIF1<0,則該棱臺(tái)的體積為:SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.10.(2022?天津)如圖,“十字歇山”是由兩個(gè)直三棱柱重疊后的景象,重疊后的底面為正方形,直三棱柱的底面是頂角為SKIPIF1<0,腰為3的等腰三角形,則該幾何體的體積為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.23 B.24 C.26 D.27【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】如圖,該組合體由直三棱柱SKIPIF1<0和直三棱柱SKIPIF1<0組成,且SKIPIF1<0為正方形,設(shè)重疊后的SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,方法①:四個(gè)形狀相同的三棱錐SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的體積之和,加上正四棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積:在直三棱柱SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,正四棱錐SKIPIF1<0的高等于SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,該組合體的體積SKIPIF1<0;方法②:兩個(gè)直三棱柱體積相加,再減去重疊部分(正四棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積:在直三棱柱SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,正四棱錐SKIPIF1<0的高等于SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,該組合體的體積SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.11.(2022?甲卷(文))甲、乙兩個(gè)圓錐的母線(xiàn)長(zhǎng)相等,側(cè)面展開(kāi)圖的圓心角之和為SKIPIF1<0,側(cè)面積分別為SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,體積分別為SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】如圖,甲,乙兩個(gè)圓錐的側(cè)面展開(kāi)圖剛好拼成一個(gè)圓,設(shè)圓的半徑(即圓錐母線(xiàn))為3,甲、乙兩個(gè)圓錐的底面半徑分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,高分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由勾股定理可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.12.(2022?新高考Ⅰ)南水北調(diào)工程緩解了北方一些地區(qū)水資源短缺問(wèn)題,其中一部分水蓄入某水庫(kù).已知該水庫(kù)水位為海拔SKIPIF1<0時(shí),相應(yīng)水面的面積為SKIPIF1<0;水位為海拔SKIPIF1<0時(shí),相應(yīng)水面的面積為SKIPIF1<0.將該水庫(kù)在這兩個(gè)水位間的形狀看作一個(gè)棱臺(tái),則該水庫(kù)水位從海拔SKIPIF1<0上升到SKIPIF1<0時(shí),增加的水量約為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)題意,增加的水量約為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.13.(2021?新高考Ⅰ)已知圓錐的底面半徑為SKIPIF1<0,其側(cè)面展開(kāi)圖為一個(gè)半圓,則該圓錐的母線(xiàn)長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.2 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.4 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意,設(shè)母線(xiàn)長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)閳A錐底面周長(zhǎng)即為側(cè)面展開(kāi)圖半圓的弧長(zhǎng),圓錐的母線(xiàn)長(zhǎng)即為側(cè)面展開(kāi)圖半圓的半徑,則有SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以該圓錐的母線(xiàn)長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.14.(多選題)(2023?新高考Ⅱ)已知圓錐的頂點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,底面圓心為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為底面直徑,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在底面圓周上,且二面角SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.該圓錐的體積為SKIPIF1<0 B.該圓錐的側(cè)面積為SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】取SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由二面角的定義可知,二面角SKIPIF1<0的平面角即為SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0中,由于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0正確.對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤.對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0正確.對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤.故選:SKIPIF1<0.15.(多選題)(2022?新高考Ⅱ)如圖,四邊形SKIPIF1<0為正方形,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.記三棱錐SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的體積分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,如圖所示,連接SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0正確,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤.故選:SKIPIF1<0.16.(2023?新高考Ⅱ)底面邊長(zhǎng)為4的正四棱錐被平行于其底面的平面所截,截去一個(gè)底面邊長(zhǎng)為2,高為3的正四棱錐,所得棱臺(tái)的體積為.【解析】如圖所示,根據(jù)題意易知△SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又上下底面正方形邊長(zhǎng)分別為2,4,SKIPIF1<0所得棱臺(tái)的體積為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:28.17.(2023?新高考Ⅰ)在正四棱臺(tái)SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則該棱臺(tái)的體積為.【解析】如圖,設(shè)正四棱臺(tái)SKIPIF1<0的上下底面中心分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,過(guò)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0,垂足點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,由題意易知SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0該四棱臺(tái)的體積為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.18.(2021?上海)已知圓柱的底面半徑為1,高為2,則圓柱的側(cè)面積為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0.【解析】圓柱的底面半徑為SKIPIF1<0,高為SKIPIF1<0,所以圓柱的側(cè)面積為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.知識(shí)點(diǎn)3:空間直線(xiàn)、平面位置關(guān)系的判斷19.(2022?乙卷(文))在正方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0 B.平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0 C.平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0 D.平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0正確;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,由選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0可知,平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,而平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,在該正方體中,試想SKIPIF1<0運(yùn)動(dòng)至SKIPIF1<0時(shí),平面SKIPIF1<0不可能與平面SKIPIF1<0垂直,選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,在平面SKIPIF1<0上,易知SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0必相交,故平面SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0不平行,選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,易知平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,而平面SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0有公共點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,故平面SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0不可能平行,選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤.故選:SKIPIF1<0.20.(2021?浙江)如圖,已知正方體SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0垂直,直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0 B.直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0平行,直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0 C.直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0相交,直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0 D.直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0異面,直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】連接SKIPIF1<0,如圖:由正方體可知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由題意知SKIPIF1<0為△SKIPIF1<0的中位線(xiàn),SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0對(duì);由正方體可知SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0是異面直線(xiàn),SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò);SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不與平面SKIPIF1<0垂直,SKIPIF1<0不與平面SKIPIF1<0垂直,SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò).故選:SKIPIF1<0.知識(shí)點(diǎn)4:線(xiàn)線(xiàn)角、線(xiàn)面角、二面角21.(2022?甲卷(文))在長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0中,已知SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0和平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角均為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角為SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角為SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】如圖所示,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,不妨令SKIPIF1<0,在長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0分別為SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0和平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角,即SKIPIF1<0,所以在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤,由圖易知,SKIPIF1<0在平面SKIPIF1<0上的射影在SKIPIF1<0上,所以SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤,如圖,連接SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在平面SKIPIF1<0上的射影為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角,在SKIPIF1<0△SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0正確,故選:SKIPIF1<0.22.(2021?乙卷(文))在正方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成的角為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】解法一:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成的角(或所成角的補(bǔ)角),設(shè)正方體SKIPIF1<0的棱長(zhǎng)為2,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成的角為SKIPIF1<0.解法二:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角為SKIPIF1<0,在正△SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的平分線(xiàn),SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成的角為SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.知識(shí)點(diǎn)5:外接球、內(nèi)切球問(wèn)題23.(2022?新高考Ⅰ)已知正四棱錐的側(cè)棱長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,其各頂點(diǎn)都在同一球面上.若該球的體積為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則該正四棱錐體積的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】如圖所示,正四棱錐SKIPIF1<0各頂點(diǎn)都在同一球面上,連接SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,則球心SKIPIF1<0在直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0上,連接SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)正四棱錐的底面邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,高為SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0球SKIPIF1<0的體積為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0球SKIPIF1<0的半徑SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0該正四棱錐體積SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0(4)SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即該正四棱錐體積的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.24.(2022?乙卷(文))已知球SKIPIF1<0的半徑為1,四棱錐的頂點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,底面的四個(gè)頂點(diǎn)均在球SKIPIF1<0的球面上,則當(dāng)該四棱錐的體積最大時(shí),其高為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】對(duì)于圓內(nèi)接四邊形,如圖所示,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為圓的直徑,且SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,此時(shí)四邊形SKIPIF1<0為正方形,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)該四棱錐的體積最大時(shí),底面一定為正方形,設(shè)底面邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,底面所在圓的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0該四棱錐的高SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0該四棱錐的體積SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,SKIPIF1<0該四棱錐的體積最大時(shí),其高SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.25.(2022?新高考Ⅱ)已知正三棱臺(tái)的高為1,上、下底面邊長(zhǎng)分別為SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,其頂點(diǎn)都在同一球面上,則該球的表面積為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)球心在臺(tái)體外時(shí),由題意得,上底面所在平面截球所得圓的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,下底面所在平面截球所得圓的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,如圖,設(shè)球的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,則軸截面中由幾何知識(shí)可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0該球的表面積為SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)球心在臺(tái)體內(nèi)時(shí),如圖,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,無(wú)解.綜上,該球的表面積為SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.26.(2021?天津)兩個(gè)圓錐的底面是一個(gè)球的同一截面,頂點(diǎn)均在球面上,若球的體積為SKIPIF1<0,兩個(gè)圓錐的高之比為SKIPIF1<0,則這兩個(gè)圓錐的體積之和為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】如圖,設(shè)球SKIPIF1<0的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,由題意,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,則球SKIPIF1<0的直徑為4,SKIPIF1<0兩個(gè)圓錐的高之比為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由直角三角形中的射影定理可得:SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0這兩個(gè)圓錐的體積之和為SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.27.(2021?新高考Ⅱ)北斗三號(hào)全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)是我國(guó)航天事業(yè)的重要成果.在衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)中,地球靜止同步軌道衛(wèi)星的軌道位于地球赤道所在平面,軌道高度為SKIPIF1<0(軌道高度是指衛(wèi)

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