2021-2023年高考數(shù)學(xué)真題分類匯編專題02 函數(shù)的概念與基本初等函數(shù)Ⅰ(解析版)_第1頁
2021-2023年高考數(shù)學(xué)真題分類匯編專題02 函數(shù)的概念與基本初等函數(shù)Ⅰ(解析版)_第2頁
2021-2023年高考數(shù)學(xué)真題分類匯編專題02 函數(shù)的概念與基本初等函數(shù)Ⅰ(解析版)_第3頁
2021-2023年高考數(shù)學(xué)真題分類匯編專題02 函數(shù)的概念與基本初等函數(shù)Ⅰ(解析版)_第4頁
2021-2023年高考數(shù)學(xué)真題分類匯編專題02 函數(shù)的概念與基本初等函數(shù)Ⅰ(解析版)_第5頁
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專題02函數(shù)的概念與基本初等函數(shù)I知識(shí)點(diǎn)目錄知識(shí)點(diǎn)1:已知奇偶性求參數(shù)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2:函數(shù)圖像的識(shí)別知識(shí)點(diǎn)3:函數(shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用知識(shí)點(diǎn)4:基本初等函數(shù)的性質(zhì):?jiǎn)握{(diào)性、奇偶性知識(shí)點(diǎn)5:分段函數(shù)問題知識(shí)點(diǎn)6:函數(shù)的定義域、值域、最值問題知識(shí)點(diǎn)7:函數(shù)性質(zhì)(對(duì)稱性、周期性、奇偶性)的綜合運(yùn)用近三年高考真題知識(shí)點(diǎn)1:已知奇偶性求參數(shù)1.(2023?乙卷)已知SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.1 D.2【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查偶函數(shù)的性質(zhì),化歸轉(zhuǎn)化思想,屬基礎(chǔ)題.2.(2023?新高考Ⅱ)若SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.1【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查函數(shù)奇偶性的應(yīng)用,利用偶函數(shù)的定義建立方程,利用對(duì)數(shù)的運(yùn)算法則進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn)是解決本題的關(guān)鍵,是中檔題.3.(2023?甲卷)若SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】2.【解析】根據(jù)題意,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0,變形可得SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恒成立,必有SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:2.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查函數(shù)奇偶性的定義,涉及三角函數(shù)的誘導(dǎo)公式,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.4.(2023?甲卷)若SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】2.【解析】根據(jù)題意,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,其定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0,變形可得SKIPIF1<0,必有SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:2.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查函數(shù)奇偶性的性質(zhì),涉及函數(shù)奇偶性的定義,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.5.(2022?乙卷)若SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0.【解析】SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,不關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,不具有奇偶性,SKIPIF1<0,由函數(shù)解析式有意義可得,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0定義域必須關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查了奇函數(shù)的定義和性質(zhì),屬于中檔題.6.(2021?新高考Ⅰ)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】1.【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上的奇函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0也為SKIPIF1<0上的奇函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.法二:因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:1.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查利用函數(shù)奇偶性的應(yīng)用,考查計(jì)算能力,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.7.(2022?上海)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,為奇函數(shù),求參數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值為.【答案】1.【解析】SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,為奇函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(1),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,求得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,不是奇函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,是奇函數(shù),故滿足條件,綜上,SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:1.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查函數(shù)的奇偶性的定義和性質(zhì),屬于中檔題.8.(2023?上海)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求函數(shù)的定義域,并判斷是否存在SKIPIF1<0使得SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),說明理由;(2)若函數(shù)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0軸負(fù)半軸有兩個(gè)不同交點(diǎn),求此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0的值和SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【解析】(1)若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,要使函數(shù)有意義,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為非奇非偶函數(shù),不可能是奇函數(shù),故不存在實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù).(2)若函數(shù)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(1)SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,若數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0軸負(fù)半軸有兩個(gè)不同交點(diǎn),即SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),有兩個(gè)不同的交點(diǎn),設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0是方程SKIPIF1<0的根,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查函數(shù)奇偶性的判斷,以及函數(shù)與方程的應(yīng)用,根據(jù)條件建立方程,轉(zhuǎn)化為一元二次方程根的分布是解決本題的關(guān)鍵,是中檔題.知識(shí)點(diǎn)2:函數(shù)圖像的識(shí)別9.(2023?天津)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示,則SKIPIF1<0的解析式可能為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由圖象可知,SKIPIF1<0圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱,為偶函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0恒大于0,與圖象不符合,故SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查函數(shù)的圖象,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.10.(2022?天津)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A. B. C. D.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0該函數(shù)為奇函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤;SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤,SKIPIF1<0正確.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查函數(shù)圖象,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.11.(2022?甲卷)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖像大致為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A. B. C. D.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)是奇函數(shù),排除SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0(1)SKIPIF1<0,排除SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查函數(shù)的奇偶性以及函數(shù)的圖象的判斷,是中檔題.12.(2022?甲卷)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖像大致為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A. B. C. D.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)是奇函數(shù),排除SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0(1)SKIPIF1<0,排除SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查函數(shù)的奇偶性以及函數(shù)的圖象的判斷,是中檔題.13.(2022?乙卷(理))如圖是下列四個(gè)函數(shù)中的某個(gè)函數(shù)在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的大致圖像,則該函數(shù)是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】首先根據(jù)圖像判斷函數(shù)為奇函數(shù),其次觀察函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0存在零點(diǎn),而對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0選項(xiàng):令SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,故排除SKIPIF1<0選項(xiàng);SKIPIF1<0選項(xiàng):當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,而觀察圖像可知當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.SKIPIF1<0選項(xiàng),SKIPIF1<0中,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故排除SKIPIF1<0選項(xiàng).故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查函數(shù)圖像的識(shí)別,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.14.(2021?天津)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象大致為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A. B. C. D.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】根據(jù)題意,SKIPIF1<0,其定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0,是偶函數(shù),排除SKIPIF1<0,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0,必有SKIPIF1<0,排除SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查函數(shù)的圖象分析,涉及函數(shù)的奇偶性、函數(shù)值的判斷,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.15.(2021?浙江)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則圖象為如圖的函數(shù)可能是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由圖可知,圖象關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,則所求函數(shù)為奇函數(shù),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為非奇非偶函數(shù),故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤;函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為非奇非偶函數(shù),故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤;函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0對(duì)SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了函數(shù)圖象的識(shí)別,解題的關(guān)鍵是掌握識(shí)別圖象的方法:可以從定義域、值域、函數(shù)值的正負(fù)、特殊點(diǎn)、特殊值、函數(shù)的性質(zhì)等方面進(jìn)行判斷,考查了直觀想象能力與邏輯推理能力,屬于中檔題.16.(2021年北京卷數(shù)學(xué)試題)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則圖象為如圖的函數(shù)可能是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】【分析】由函數(shù)的奇偶性可排除A、B,結(jié)合導(dǎo)數(shù)判斷函數(shù)的單調(diào)性可判斷C,即可得解.【詳解】對(duì)于A,SKIPIF1<0,該函數(shù)為非奇非偶函數(shù),與函數(shù)圖象不符,排除A;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,該函數(shù)為非奇非偶函數(shù),與函數(shù)圖象不符,排除B;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,與圖象不符,排除C.故選:D.知識(shí)點(diǎn)3:函數(shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用17.(多選題)(2023?新高考Ⅰ)噪聲污染問題越來越受到重視.用聲壓級(jí)來度量聲音的強(qiáng)弱,定義聲壓級(jí)SKIPIF1<0,其中常數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是聽覺下限閾值,SKIPIF1<0是實(shí)際聲壓.下表為不同聲源的聲壓級(jí):聲源與聲源的距離SKIPIF1<0聲壓級(jí)SKIPIF1<0燃油汽車10SKIPIF1<0混合動(dòng)力汽車10SKIPIF1<0電動(dòng)汽車1040已知在距離燃油汽車、混合動(dòng)力汽車、電動(dòng)汽車SKIPIF1<0處測(cè)得實(shí)際聲壓分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意得,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0正確;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0正確;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0正確.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查函數(shù)模型的運(yùn)用,考查學(xué)生的計(jì)算能力,是中檔題.18.(2021?北京)某一時(shí)段內(nèi),從天空降落到地面上的雨水,未經(jīng)蒸發(fā)、滲漏、流失而在水平面上積聚的深度,稱為這個(gè)時(shí)段的降雨量(單位:SKIPIF1<0.24SKIPIF1<0降雨量的等級(jí)劃分如下:等級(jí)SKIPIF1<0降雨量(精確到SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0小雨SKIPIF1<0中雨SKIPIF1<0大雨SKIPIF1<0暴雨SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0在綜合實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中,某小組自制了一個(gè)底面直徑為SKIPIF1<0,高為SKIPIF1<0的圓錐形雨量器.若一次降雨過程中,該雨量器收集的SKIPIF1<0的雨水高度是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0如圖所示),則這SKIPIF1<0降雨量的等級(jí)是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.小雨 B.中雨 C.大雨 D.暴雨【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】圓錐的體積為SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)閳A錐內(nèi)積水的高度是圓錐總高度的一半,所以圓錐內(nèi)積水部分的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0代入公式可得SKIPIF1<0,圖上定義的是平地上積水的厚度,即平地上積水的高,平底上積水的體積為SKIPIF1<0,且對(duì)于這一塊平地的面積,即為圓錐底面圓的面積,所以SKIPIF1<0,則平地上積水的厚度SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,由題意可知,這一天的雨水屬于中雨.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了空間幾何體在實(shí)際生活中的應(yīng)用,解題的關(guān)鍵是掌握錐體和柱體體積公式的應(yīng)用,考查了邏輯推理能力與空間想象能力,屬于中檔題.19.(2021?甲卷)青少年視力是社會(huì)普遍關(guān)注的問題,視力情況可借助視力表測(cè)量.通常用五分記錄法和小數(shù)記錄法記錄視力數(shù)據(jù),五分記錄法的數(shù)據(jù)SKIPIF1<0和小數(shù)記錄法的數(shù)據(jù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0.已知某同學(xué)視力的五分記錄法的數(shù)據(jù)為4.9,則其視力的小數(shù)記錄法的數(shù)據(jù)約為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.1.5 B.1.2 C.0.8 D.0.6【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以其視力的小數(shù)記錄法的數(shù)據(jù)約為0.8.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了對(duì)數(shù)與指數(shù)的互化問題,也考查了運(yùn)算求解能力,是基礎(chǔ)題.20.(2021?上海)已知一企業(yè)今年第一季度的營業(yè)額為1.1億元,往后每個(gè)季度增加0.05億元,第一季度的利潤為0.16億元,往后每一季度比前一季度增長SKIPIF1<0.(1)求今年起的前20個(gè)季度的總營業(yè)額;(2)請(qǐng)問哪一季度的利潤首次超過該季度營業(yè)額的SKIPIF1<0?【解析】(1)由題意可知,可將每個(gè)季度的營業(yè)額看作等差數(shù)列,則首項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,公差SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即營業(yè)額前20季度的和為31.5億元.(2)解法一:假設(shè)今年第一季度往后的第SKIPIF1<0季度的利潤首次超過該季度營業(yè)額的SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即要解SKIPIF1<0,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0,即當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0遞增,由于SKIPIF1<0(1)SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0的解只能在SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取得,經(jīng)檢驗(yàn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以今年第一季度往后的第25個(gè)季度的利潤首次超過該季度營業(yè)額的SKIPIF1<0.解法二:設(shè)今年第一季度往后的第SKIPIF1<0季度的利潤與該季度營業(yè)額的比為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,注意到,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0今年第一季度往后的第25個(gè)季度利潤首次超過該季度營業(yè)額的SKIPIF1<0.知識(shí)點(diǎn)4:基本初等函數(shù)的性質(zhì):?jiǎn)握{(diào)性、奇偶性21.(2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題)下列函數(shù)中,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】對(duì)于A,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故C正確;對(duì)于D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上不單調(diào),D錯(cuò)誤.故選:C.22.(2023?新高考Ⅰ)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,拋物線開口向上,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的增函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0要使SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查復(fù)合函數(shù)單調(diào)性的應(yīng)用,利用換元法結(jié)合指數(shù)函數(shù),二次函數(shù)的單調(diào)性進(jìn)行求解是解決本題的關(guān)鍵,是基礎(chǔ)題.23.(2023?上海)下列函數(shù)是偶函數(shù)的是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,由正弦函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可知,SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù);對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,由正弦函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可知,SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù);對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,由冪函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可知,SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù);對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,由指數(shù)函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可知,SKIPIF1<0為非奇非偶函數(shù).故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查常見函數(shù)的奇偶性,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.24.(2021?全國)下列函數(shù)中為偶函數(shù)的是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,不關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,故SKIPIF1<0不正確;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,但SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0不正確;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0不正確;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0正確.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查函數(shù)的奇偶性的定義和運(yùn)用,考查轉(zhuǎn)化思想和運(yùn)算能力,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.25.(2021?全國)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,的減區(qū)間,又函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,的減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了復(fù)合函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,重點(diǎn)考查了對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,屬基礎(chǔ)題.26.(2021?北京)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則“SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增”是“SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0(1)”的SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.充分而不必要條件 B.必要而不充分條件 C.充分必要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0(1),若SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0(1),但函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上不單調(diào),故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了充分、必要條件的判斷,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.27.(2021?上海)以下哪個(gè)函數(shù)既是奇函數(shù),又是減函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減且為奇函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0符合題意;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0不符合題意;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為非奇非偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0不符合題意;故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查了基本初等函數(shù)的單調(diào)性及奇偶性的判斷,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.28.(2021?甲卷)下列函數(shù)中是增函數(shù)的為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由一次函數(shù)性質(zhì)可知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù),不符合題意;由指數(shù)函數(shù)性質(zhì)可知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù),不符合題意;由二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上不單調(diào),不符合題意;根據(jù)冪函數(shù)性質(zhì)可知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,符合題意.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查基本初等函數(shù)的單調(diào)性的判斷,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.29.(2021?甲卷)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0是定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的奇函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意得SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查了利用函數(shù)的奇偶性求解函數(shù)值,解題的關(guān)鍵是進(jìn)行合理的轉(zhuǎn)化,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.30.(2021?乙卷)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列函數(shù)中為奇函數(shù)的是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,所以將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0向右平移一個(gè)單位,向上平移一個(gè)單位,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,該函數(shù)的對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù).故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了函數(shù)奇偶性和函數(shù)的圖象變換,解題的關(guān)鍵是確定SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱中心,考查了邏輯推理能力,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.知識(shí)點(diǎn)5:分段函數(shù)問題31.(2023?天津)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有且僅有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.【解析】①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,不滿足題意;②當(dāng)方程SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0且△SKIPIF1<0時(shí),有SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),不滿足,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),△SKIPIF1<0,滿足;③△SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,記SKIPIF1<0的兩根為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,不妨設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,但此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,舍去SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,但此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,舍去SKIPIF1<0,故僅有1與SKIPIF1<0兩個(gè)解,于是,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題是含參數(shù)的函數(shù)零點(diǎn)問題,主要是分類討論思想的考查,屬偏難題.32.(2023?上海)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則方程SKIPIF1<0的解為.【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0(舍SKIPIF1<0;所以SKIPIF1<0的解為:SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了分段函數(shù)的性質(zhì)、對(duì)數(shù)的基本運(yùn)算、指數(shù)的基本運(yùn)算,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.33.(2022?天津)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)任意實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,記SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0至少有3個(gè)零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0.要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有3個(gè)零點(diǎn),則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),則△SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示:此時(shí)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0只有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),不滿足題意;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有3個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示:由圖可知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為3,滿足題意;④當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有3個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述,實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了函數(shù)的零點(diǎn)、轉(zhuǎn)化思想、分類討論思想及數(shù)形結(jié)合思想,屬于中難題.34.(2022?浙江)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0.【解析】SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖:由圖可知,若當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查函數(shù)值的求法,考查分段函數(shù)的應(yīng)用,考查數(shù)形結(jié)合思想,是中檔題.35.(2021?浙江)已知SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】2.【解析】因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:2.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了函數(shù)的求值問題,主要考查的是分段函數(shù)求值,解題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)自變量的值確定使用哪一段解析式求解,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.36.(2022?北京)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0若SKIPIF1<0存在最小值,則SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)取值為.【答案】0,1.【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖像如圖所示,不滿足題意,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖像如圖所示,滿足題意;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖像如圖所示,要使得函數(shù)有最小值,需滿足SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖像如圖所示,不滿足題意,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖像如圖所示,要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有最小值,需SKIPIF1<0,無解,故不滿足題意;綜上所述:SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:0,1.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查利用分段函數(shù)圖像確定函數(shù)最小值是分界點(diǎn)的討論,屬于較難題目.37.(2023?上海)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域?yàn)椋敬鸢浮縎KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查了求函數(shù)的值域,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.知識(shí)點(diǎn)6:函數(shù)的定義域、值域、最值問題38.(2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0____________.【答案】1【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:139.(2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,給出下列四個(gè)結(jié)論:①SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0存在最大值;③設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;④設(shè)SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0存在最小值,則a的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.其中所有正確結(jié)論的序號(hào)是____________.【答案】②③【解析】依題意,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,易知其圖像為一條端點(diǎn)取不到值的單調(diào)遞增的射線;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,易知其圖像是,圓心為SKIPIF1<0,半徑為SKIPIF1<0的圓在SKIPIF1<0軸上方的圖像(即半圓);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,易知其圖像是一條端點(diǎn)取不到值的單調(diào)遞減的曲線;對(duì)于①,取SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的圖像如下,

顯然,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故①錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于②,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0顯然取得最大值SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,綜上:SKIPIF1<0取得最大值SKIPIF1<0,故②正確;對(duì)于③,結(jié)合圖像,易知在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0且接近于SKIPIF1<0處,SKIPIF1<0的距離最小,

當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0且接近于SKIPIF1<0處,SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故③正確;對(duì)于④,取SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的圖像如下,

因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,結(jié)合圖像可知,要使SKIPIF1<0取得最小值,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,同時(shí)SKIPIF1<0的最小值為點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的距離減去半圓的半徑SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的斜率為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,滿足SKIPIF1<0取得最小值,即SKIPIF1<0也滿足SKIPIF1<0存在最小值,故SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍不僅僅是SKIPIF1<0,故④錯(cuò)誤.故答案為:②③.40.(2022?上海)下列函數(shù)定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1

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