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2023屆全國新需考美語沖剌突破復(fù)習(xí)

非謂語動詞

一、非謂語動詞的使用條件

一個句子當(dāng)中,已經(jīng)存在一個主句(謂語動詞),又沒有連詞和從句的情況下,還

有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時,這些動詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語動詞。

Ex.l:找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞(含短語)。

1.Thebosswantedtoseemeatonce.

2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.

3.1heardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.

4.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.

5.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗爭。)

6.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wefindtheparkisbeautiful.

7.Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.

8.Foundedin1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUS.

9.Weseefallenleavesontheground.

10.Dressedinred,shelooksmorebeautiful.

11.Weplantmanytreestomakeourcitygreen.

案:1.tosee2.tobeheld3.singing4.talking5.tolive,tostruggle6.seeing

7.reading8.founded9.fallen10.dressed11.tomake.

第一講:動名詞和不定式作主語

Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.

若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞,應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。

(1)v-ing作主語:動名詞做主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),常位于句首,

并視為單數(shù)形式。

Eg:Sendinge-mailisincreasinglypopular.

Collectin。stampsisagoodhobby.

句型:Itis+fun/agreatpleasure/awasteoftime/nouse(good,point,sense,harm)等名

詞+(in)doingsomething

(2)不定式作主語

Toplaybasketballisfunny.

不定式作主語,為了使句子平衡,往往用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式放至句子的

后面。

Eg:Ifssonicetohearyourvoice.

Itsnecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.

Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.

★Its+adj.forsb.todosth.和Ifs+adj.ofsb.todosth.

這樣的句子中,由于表語形容詞性質(zhì)的不同,導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語標(biāo)志用for或

of的區(qū)別。

Dforsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy,

hard,difficult,interesting,impossible,important,convenient等。

Eg:It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.

2)ofsb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格、品德、心智能力、主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,

如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,righto

Eg:It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來幫助我,你真是太好了。

Exl:課堂檢測(請用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。)

1)Itisawasteoftime(play)computergames.

2)(talk)iseasierthandoing.

3)It'snouse(wait)here.

4)Itisnogood(write)tohim;heneveranswersletters.

5)Itisnice(play)chessaftersupper.

6)Itisuseless(telephone)him.Heisnotwillingtocome.

7)Ifsworth(make)aneffort.努一下是值得的。

8)It'snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.(read)asmuchaspossibleisnecessary.

答案:1.playing2.Talking3.waiting4.writing5.playing6.telephoning7.making

8.Reading

備注:動名詞在uItisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)

中作主語。

Ex2:真題感悟(Homework)

一、語法填空

[例1]Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult___31___

wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.

[簡析]it。it作形式主語,替代真正的不定式主語"tochooseasuitableChristmaspresentfor

herfather”。

H列2]Ittookyearsofwork_65_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.

[簡析]toreduce。動詞不定式作主語。

[例3]Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_63—(be)oftenacceptable.

[簡析]iso動名詞短語leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow作主語時,視為單

數(shù)。

[例4]ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesonce

theyrealizehowcheap_58—canbetoeatout.

[簡析]it。賓語從句中it作形式主語,動詞不定式作真正主語。

[例5]Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghow

longitwouldtake_62_(get)there.

[簡析]togetoIttakes+時間+t。dosth.意為“做某事花費多少時間”,動詞不定式在句中

作主語。

[修!16]Asisknown,it'snogood_62—(cry)overspiltmilk.

[簡析]crying。

[例7]Ittakesthemhundredsofyears_5—(break)down.(2020北京卷)

[簡析]考查動詞不定式。句意:它們用幾百年的時間才分解。固定句型Ittakessb./sth.+

一段時間+todosth.(花某人/物多長時間干某事),此處用動詞不定式(t。do)作真正主語,

It形式主語。故填tobreako

[彳列8]Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorfor

secondandthirdgraders_36—(begin)computerclasses.(2020新高考海南卷)

[簡析]句意:如今,10到12歲的孩子發(fā)布自己的網(wǎng)站,二年級和三年級學(xué)生開始上計

算機課,這些都很常見。本題考查“Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)it作形

式主語,真正的主語為不定式。故填tobegin。

[例9]Itispossible_63_(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.(2021全國甲卷)

[簡析]towalk。因itispossibletodosth為固定搭配,意為“做某事是可能的

[例10]Thisiswhere_23—(play)theflutecomesin,ifyoucanmakeplayingtheflute

cool,youdeserveallthefameandfortuneintheworld!(2021年1月上海春季-23)

[簡析]playing考查動名詞。句意“這就是長笛的來龍去脈,如果你能讓長笛變酷,你就

應(yīng)該名利雙收!、在where引導(dǎo)的表語從句中,應(yīng)用動名詞作主語表示一般的動作。

二、短文改錯

[例l]Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffair

playandteamspirit.

[簡析]PlayfPlaying。

[例2]Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday'sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.

[簡析]watchfwatching。

[例3]Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsportsandcollegeis

theonlyplaceforasmartboyliketheirson.Somyfriendhadnochoice.

[簡析]gofgoing。

口列4]Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmight

notbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.

[簡析]Have—Having。本句缺少主語,故用動名詞短語作主語。

[例5]Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe'soutside.

[簡析]understanding--understando

第二講:非謂語動詞作賓語:動名詞和不定式作賓語

Eg:Icouldn'thelpcryingwhenIheardthebadnews.

Doyoumindgivingupthejob?

句型:S+V+(verb)+其他.

1)用v-ing作賓語的動詞記憶口訣(請寫出對應(yīng)的單詞或詞組)

避免錯過少延期

建議完成多練習(xí)___________

喜歡想象禁不住__________

承認(rèn)否認(rèn)還考慮

逃避冒險不介意

期待成功更值得

答案:avoidmissdelay/putoff

advise/suggestfinishpractise

enjoyimaginecan'thelp

admitdenyconsider

escaperiskmind

Lookforwardtosucceedinbeworth

★在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用v-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義,也

可用不定式的被動式。

Eg:Thiscarneedsrepairing.Or:Thiscarneedstoberepaired.

2)用todo作賓語的動詞記憶口訣1

決定學(xué)會想希望_____________________________________________________________

拒絕假裝設(shè)法做

主動計劃守承諾

答應(yīng)請求幫一幫

答案:decide/determinelearnwanthope/wish

refusepretendmanage

offerplanpromise

agreeaskhelp

用todo作賓語的動詞記憶口訣2

三個希望兩答應(yīng)(hope,wish,want,agree,promise)

兩個要求莫拒絕(demand,ask,refuse)

設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定(manage,leam,decide)

不要假裝在選擇(pretend,choose)

3)接動名詞作賓語的動詞短語

①作介詞to的賓語:applyto,beaddictedto,besentencedto,beusedto/become

accustomedto,cometo,devote…to,getcloseto,getdownto,haveaccessto,

inadditionto,leadto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,prefer…

to…,seeto,stickto等。

②ban/keep/prevent/protect/save/stop…fromdoing,forgive/thanksomebody

fordoing,haveagood/bad/hardtime+(in)doing,have

difficulty/trouble/problems/fun/pleasure+(in)doing,ki11/spend/waste

time+(in)doing等。

(3)beengaged(in)doing/bebusy(in)doing/beoccupiedindoing,beinterested

in,beworthdoing/beworthyofbeingdone,burstout,can'tstand,feellike,

giveup,how/whatabout,insiston,keepon,putoff,setabout,succeedin

等。

4)有些動詞后可接動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語,但意義有區(qū)別

①forgettodo…忘記要去做某事(此事未做)

forgetdoing…忘記做過某事(此事已做)

②stoptodo…停下來去做另一件事

stopdoing…停止正在做的事

③remembertodo…記住去做某事(此事未做)

rememberdoing…記得做過某事(此事已做)

④regrettodo…對要做的事遺憾(此事未做)

regretdoing…對做過的事遺憾、后悔(此事未做)

⑤trytodo…努力、試圖做某事

trydoing…試著做某事

⑥meantodo…打算做某事

meandoing…意味著、意思是做某事

⑦goontodo…繼而去做另外一件事情

goondoing…繼續(xù)做同一件事

⑧proposetodo…打算(要做某事)

proposingdoing…建議(做某事)

⑨beusedtodo…被用來做某事

beusedtodoing…習(xí)慣于做某事

⑩can,thelp(to)do…不能幫助做某事

can'thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事

Ex.l:隨堂練習(xí)(用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)

1.Theyallenjoyed(learn)toskate.

2.Jackhasjustgivenup(smoke).

3.Shedidn'tmind(work)overtime.

4.Youneedtopractise(speak)Englishtomakeprogress.

5.Don'ttrytoavoid(make)mistakesinlearningEnglish.

6.Tomfeelslike(go)fishing,buthedoesn'tlike(go)fishingthisafternoon.

7.Theboyhasadmitted(break)thewindow.

8.HowcanItrustyouifyoukeep(laugh)atme?

9.Theclassroomwants/requires(clean).

10.Ittooktheworkmanonlytwohourstofinish(repair)mycar.

答案:1.learning2.smoking3.working4.speaking5.making6.going,togo7.Breaking

8.laughing9.cleaning,tobecleaned10.repairing

11.Heconsidered(buy)acar.

12.Sheispractising(play)thepianointhenextroom.

13.Thebabycan'thelp(laugh)whenheseesamonkey.

ImsobusythatIcan*thelptocleantheroom.我太忙不能幫助打掃房間。

14.Theyagree(give)ittomethenextday.他們同意第二天將它給我。

15.Theyhope(find)newresourcesformankind.他們希望為人類找到新資源。

16.1demand(see)yourdirector.

17.1happened(know)theanswertoyourquestions.

18.Tomydisappointment,myfatherdoesn*tagree(buy)meanewbike.

19.1want(tell)youastory.我想給你講個故事。

20.Theybegin(work)ateighteverymorning.他們每天早晨8點開始工作。

答案:11.buying12playing13laughing14togive15tofind16tosee17toknow

18tobuy19totell20towork

21.Don'tforget(lock)thedoor.別忘了鎖門。

22.Wouldyoulike(go)andhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?

23.1mean(go)thereatonce.

24.1finditinteresting(work)withhim.

25.Mybikeneeds(repair).

26.Theoldmanrequires(look)after.

27.Remember(meet)metonight.記得今晚來接我(動作尚未發(fā)生)

28.1remember(visit)BeijingwhenIwasachild.(動作已發(fā)生)

29.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Iforgot(turn)itofflastnight.

30.Tilneverforget(see)themusicalcomedyinNewYork.

答案:21tolock22togo23togo24towork25repairing/toberepaired

26looking/tobelooked27tomeet28visiting29toturn30seeing

31.1regret(inform)youthatyouaredismissed.我很遺憾地告訴你,你被解雇了。

32.Hetried(improve)hisEnglish.他努力地提高英語水平。

33.Let'stry(do)itsomeotherway.我們換別的方法試試看。

34.1"msorry.Ican?thelp(clean)thewindows.對不起,我不能幫忙擦窗子了。

35.Hecouldn,thelp(laugh)whenheheardthenews.聽到那個消息時,他情

不自禁地笑了。laughing

36.Havingwashedtheclothes,motherwenton(sweep)thefloor.洗完衣月艮后,

媽媽接著掃地。

37.Theywenton(work)inthefieldsafterdark.天黑后,他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)在田里

干活。?

38.Afteralongwalk,theystopped(have)lunchatarestaurant.

39.Ifstimefbrclass.Pleasestop(talk).

40.1hadmeant(come)earlier.我本打算早點來。

41.Missingthistrainmeans(wait)foranotherhour.

答案:31toinform32toimprove33doing34toclean35laughing36tosweep37

working38tohave39talking40tocome41waiting

Ex.2:真題感悟

一、語法填空

[例1]Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused_66—(stop)until

wereachedthenextstop.

[簡析]tostopo動詞refuse后接不定式作賓語。

[彳列2]Apparently,Ihaddifficulty_31—(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindinga

jobtomydelight.

[簡析]adapting□havedifficulty(in)doingsomething”做某事有困難”。

[例3]Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude_67—(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe

120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.

[簡析]加roducing。動詞include后接動名詞作賓語。

[例4]ThehallwasdarkwhenIcamein;theshowwasabout_61—(begin).

[簡析]tobegin。beabouttodosth."剛要做某事”是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。

[例5]Butunlikeschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term_61—(rest).

[簡析]resting。此處為spend…indoing…結(jié)構(gòu),介詞in可省略,故用動名詞形式。

口列6]Thisisn'tashardasitsounds,anditisfarbetterthananyothermethodbecauseyou

improveyourvocabularywhile_63—(read)aninterestingpieceofliterature.

[簡析]reading。邏輯主語you與動詞read為主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞reading…作狀語;

也可視為狀語從句whileyouarereading...的省略形式。

[例7]Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_63—(die)earlyby

running.

[簡析]dying。介詞of后接動名詞形式作賓語。

H列8]Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_64—(look)directlyintohiseyes

sohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.

[簡析]lookingoavoid后接動名詞作賓語。

[例9]Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto_61_(become)commonfbrmanyyoungpeople

inrecentyears,it'snotwithoutacost.

[簡析]havebecomeo由inrecentyears可'知,此處用不定式的完成式表示這一現(xiàn)象從過

去某時一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還可能持續(xù)下去。

[例10]Istillremember_59_(visit)afriendwho,dlivedherefbrfiveyearsandIwas

shockedwhenIlearntshehadn,tcookedonceinallthattime.

[簡析]visiting。rememberdoing…意為“記得做過某事”。

[例11]Scientistshaverespondedby_67—(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚

集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsarehigherthan

theyactuallyare.

[簡析]notingo介詞by后接動名詞形式作賓語。

[例⑵A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear”for_61—(be)Britain?s

oldestfull-timeemployee一stillworking40hoursaweek.

[簡析]beingo介詞for后接動名詞形式作賓語。

[例13]Minimizetheimpactof_67_(visit)theplace.(2021全國乙卷)

[簡析]visiting。在介詞后應(yīng)用名詞或動詞-ing形式,因后面有賓語theplace,所以只能

用動詞-ing形式。

[例14]Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andaccommodationsaim

—70—(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021全國乙卷)

[簡析]tohaveo因aimtodosth為固定搭配,意為“旨在做某事”。

[例15]ThatapproachbroughtCobb,sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans

—65—(continue)thepractice.(2022年1月浙江卷-65)

[簡析]tocontinue考查動詞不定式。謂語plans后面需接動詞不定式tocontinue作賓語。

二、短文改錯

[彳列1]Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthechanging

colorsoftheleavesonthetrees.

[簡析]sawseeingo

[例2]Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysand

girls.

[簡析]givefgiving。

[例3]Whenyou'reonadietyouhavetostopeattoomuch.

[簡析]eatfeating。

[例4]Istillremembergoingthereearlyandfeltanxiousaboutthenewworld.

[簡析]felt->feelingo

H列5]I?dliketostayingtherefbrhalfamonth,visitingplacesofinterestandpracticingmy

Englishaswell.

[簡析]stayingfstay。

[彳列6]Inshort,IwilldomybesttohelpmakingtheGamesasuccess.

[簡析]makingfmake。

[例7]Myparentshaveagreedtovisitingme,andIwillhaveadifferentvacation.

[簡析]visitingfvisit。

H列8]That*swhatIdidandIalsohadtotakeexamseverysixmonths.Now,I'vestoppedgoto

lessons.

[簡析]gofgoing。

[彳列9]Itwasalessontousthatitwaspossibletogivewithoutexpectanythinginreturn.

[簡析]expectexpectingo

[例10]Heisnotlosinganytimefromschoolbecauseheisbusystudywhathehasmissedin

classes.

[簡析]studystudyingo

[例11]Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.

[簡析]seefseeing。

。列12]Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.

[簡析]sellsellingo介詞by后接動石詞形式彳乍賓語。

[彳列13]Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatching

them,myparentswouldnotletme.

[簡析]watchingfwatch。動詞ask后接不定式作賓語,asktodosth意為“請求做某事

H列14]IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.

[簡析]managemanaging0succeedindoingsomething”成功地做了某事

第三講:非謂語動詞作表語:v?ing作表語、v?ed作表語和不定式作表語

S+be(系動詞)+P(表語)(動詞)。

備注:1.如果動詞+ing和動詞+ed后可以轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,那么主語指人表語就用v+ed;

主語指物表語就用v+ing.

Eg:Thestoryissomoving.

Eg:Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened.

Weweresoboredthatwecouldn,thelpyawning.

不定式作表語:不定式可放在be動詞后面,形成表語。

A.表示按計劃和安排將要發(fā)生的事情。

HeistomarryRose.

B.表示主語的內(nèi)容,但側(cè)重于目的性。

Herwishwastobecomeanartist.

C.表示情態(tài)意義(應(yīng)該,必須)。

Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.

Sheistoblame.

Ex.l:隨堂練習(xí)(用括號內(nèi)的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。)

1I'm(satisfy)withyouranswer.

2Heisnot(interest)inresearch.

3Thebookisvery(interest).

4.Wewere(excite)withjoyatthevictory.

5.Thenewswas(excite)tous

6.Nobodywas(interest)inthestorythathetold.

7.Theproblemis(puzzle).

8.Myworkistocleantheroom.

9.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.

答案:1satisfied2interested3interesting4excited5exciting6interested7

puzzling

部分加-ed和加-ing可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾稳菰~的動詞。

delighting令人高興的delighted感到高興的

disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的

encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的

puzzling令人費解的puzzled感到費解的

satisfying令人滿意的satisfied感到滿意的

surprising令人驚異的surprised感到驚異的

worrying令人擔(dān)心的worried感到擔(dān)心的

amusing令人高興的amused開心的

encouraging鼓舞人心的encouraged受鼓勵的

exciting令人激動的excited激動的

worrying令人煩惱的worried煩惱的

tiring引起疲勞的tired疲勞的

astonishing令人驚訝的astonished驚訝的

動詞的一ed形式與一ing形式作表語時的區(qū)別。動詞-ed形式作表語,主要表示主語的

心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài),含有被動的意思,而動詞-ing形式作表語多表示主語具有的

特征,含有主動的意思。

備注:比較

A.要把動詞-ing形式作表語和現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開來。

B.要把動詞-ed形式作表語和被動語態(tài)區(qū)別開來。作表語的-ed形式表示狀態(tài),被動

語態(tài)表示被動動作。

Theproblemisquitepuzzling.

WearehavingourEnglishclass.

PetertheGreatisburiedhere.

PetertheGreatwasburiedherein1725.

Oneofmybadhabitisbitingnails(指甲)

Ex.2:真題感悟(Homework)

一、語法填空

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[1]Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxious

and—63—(disappoint).

[簡析]disappointedo過去分詞disappointed“感至U失望的”用作形容詞,在句中作連

系動詞look的表語。

[2]Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor_38—(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportant

things?

[簡析]annoyed??崭裉幒托稳菰~impatient并列和系動詞get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),填annoyed

“惱怒的、生氣的",表示你變得生氣。

[3]Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot_63—(sweep)intoapileof

kitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,whereitremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafy

topaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.

[簡析]sweptosweep與thering之間是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞形式。

[4]Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_64—(look)directlyintohiseyesso

hedoesn,tfeel_65—(challenge).

[簡析]challenged。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示不直視它的眼睛,它就不會感覺受到挑戰(zhàn)。

feel為系動詞,challenged意為“受到挑戰(zhàn)的”。

[5]“Whatwereallyneedtodois_26—(bring)backplayforchildren,“says

Dr.JuanaWillumsen,aWHOspecialistinchildhoodobesityandphysicalactivity,ina

statementaboutnewWHOguidelinesissuedinApril2019.

[簡析]bring。

[6]Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome

—61_(educate)abouttheareas一bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsand

culturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe

developmentofthelocalareas.(2021全國乙卷)

[簡析]educated。在系動詞become后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語,表示“受過教育的二

[7]Iwasso_62—(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.(2021全國新高考H卷)

[簡析]excited考查形容詞。句意:當(dāng)他給我回信時,我很興奮。在系動詞was之后作

表語,用形容詞,修飾人,用v+ed形式的形容詞。

二、短文改錯

[例1]Afteranhourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightening.

[簡析]frightening->frightened0

[例2]MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasvery

interested.

[簡析]interestedinteresting0

[例3]Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassingasmysister,butIjustthoughtitwasfunny!

[簡析]embarrassingembarrassedo

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[4]rmpleasingtohearit.

[簡析]pleasingpleasedo

[5]Iwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutofabuilding.[簡析]

disappointing—disappointed。

[6]Iamawfullytiring,butIknowV11neverfallasleep.

[簡析]tiringftired。

[7]Momwasgratefulandmoving.

[簡析]movingmovedo聯(lián)系句意"媽媽很感動”,此處應(yīng)該用過去分詞作表語。

[8]Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere!

[簡析]excitedfexciting?,F(xiàn)在分詞exciting”令人興奮的”用作形容詞,在句中作連

系動詞was的表語。

[例9]Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatis

ontherooftopoftheirhouse.

[簡析]interestinginterested0過去分詞interested”感到有興趣的”用作形容詞,在

句中作連系動詞are的表語。

[10]Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.

[簡析]interesting-erest(使感興趣)的形容詞有interesting(令人感興趣的)

常修飾物;與interested(感興趣的)常修飾人。本句的意思為:多虧一個偶然的事件,

我對踢足球產(chǎn)生了興趣。

[1l]OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafter

seeingadoctor.

[簡析]amazingamazedoamaze(使驚奇、使驚愕)形容詞形式有amazed(大為驚奇)與

amazing(令人大為驚奇的)。本句話中主語為I,句意:病人看完醫(yī)生就會感覺好很多,

對此我感到驚奇。

[12]TvehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.

[簡析]opensfopen。不定式做表語,to后用動詞原形。

第四講:非謂語動詞作定語

句型一:a/an/the(verb)+名詞

my/her/his(verb)+名詞

this/that(verb)+名詞

adj/Lihua飛(名詞所有格)(verb)+名詞

以上這四種形式一般考察的是非謂語動詞作定語,一般只能考慮填V?ed和V?ing,若

果該動詞有自己的形容詞,也有可能把動詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。

句型二:S+(verb)+其它+V+其它。

Thekiteflyingietheskywasmadebyhim.

Themaninjuredintheaccidentisabusdriver.

13

句型三:S+V+O(名詞/代詞)+(動詞)。

v-ing作定語:與被修飾的名詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示正在進行

Eg:Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

★位置:1)單個的動詞的-ing形式做定語,常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語。

如:aflyingobject

2)動詞的-ing形式的短語做定語,常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。如:

anobjectflyingintheair

★如果-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動關(guān)系,又強調(diào)正在進行就用beingdone,通常表示

正在被做,常做后置定語。

如:Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.正在被修建的建筑物將在

明年建完。

備注:動名詞作定語時,和它所修飾的名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,只表示被修飾

名詞的一般用途,必須位于名詞之前。如:areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedfor

reading閱覽室,adrawingboard畫板asewingmachine縫紉機awalkingstick手杖

v?ed作定語:如果所給動詞是及物動詞,那么與被修飾的名詞之間是被動關(guān)系和完成;

如果所給動詞是不及物動詞那么就只表示完成。單個分詞作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞前

面;詞短語作定語應(yīng)放在所修飾名詞的后面

Eg:Theainjuredmanisbusdriver.

Themaninjuredintheaccidentisabusdriver.

Shehasapleasedlookonherface.

Theteachergaveusasatisfiedsmile.

cookedfood熟食;成品awrittenreport書面報告;報告書

friedeggs煎雞蛋;炒蛋boiledwater開水;白開水

frozenfood速凍食品armedforces武裝部隊;武裝力量

requiredcourses必修課fallenleaves落葉

finishedproducts成品aforcedsmile苦笑

不定式作定語:

1)不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后,往往表示未發(fā)生的動作即表示將來。

Eg:Ihavealotofworktodo.

Therewasnothingtobringhomethatmorning.

2).序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、thelast、theonly等后或當(dāng)名詞或代詞被以上這些詞

修飾,且不定式與其邏輯主語為主謂關(guān)系時,常用動詞不定式作定語。

Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.

14

3)當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是ability>chance、idea、attempt、plan、way、opportunity

等時,常用不定式作后置定語。

Iwanttohaveachancetofurthermystudy.

Ex.l:用括號內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1)What'sthelanguage(speak)inthatcountry?

2)They'reproblems(leave)overbyhistory.

3)Theplay(puton)bytheteacherswasabigsuccess.

4)Isthereanybody(injury)?

5)Thequestion(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.

6)Hewasthelastone(leave)schoolyesterday.

7)CharlesLindberghisthefirstman(fly)theAtlanticalone.

8)Shehasagoodchance(go)tocollege.

9)Hehasgotlotsofquestions(ask).

10)Thereisnothing(worry)about.

11)Thereisa(swim)poolinourschool.

12)Whoistheboy(run)towardsus。

答案:1spoken2left3puton4injured5discussed6toleave7tofly8togo

9toask10toworry11swimming12running

Ex.2:真題感悟(Homework)

一、語法填空

[例1]Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievementaward,proudIrenedeclaredshehadno

plans_65—(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

[簡析]t。retire。不定式作后置定語,修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“……的計劃:

[例2]Whenwegotacall_68—(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.(2019

全國卷H)

[簡析]saying。say與被修飾名詞acall之間是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。

[例3]EarthDay,—4—(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublic

awarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.

[簡析]markedomark與被修飾名詞EarthDay之間是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作后置

定語。

[例4]Theyrepresenttheearth_63—(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornew

beginnings.(2020全國卷H)

[簡析]coming。非謂語動詞與被修飾名詞theearth之間是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作

后置定語。

[例5]Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_69—

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020全國卷HI)

[簡析]surrounding。非謂語動詞與被修飾名詞thesoftclouds之間是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)

15

在分詞作后置定語?。

[例6]Apieceofstone_8—(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthuman

relatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.(2020北京卷)

[簡析]考查非謂語動詞。句意:在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明,我們已經(jīng)滅絕的

人類親戚尼安德特人比我們之前認(rèn)為的更聰明。句子的謂語為suggests,設(shè)空處在句

中作非謂語和邏輯主語之間是邏輯的被動關(guān)系。故答案為foundo

[彳列7]Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlights

thewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour_63_(ache)

legs.(2021全國新高考I卷)

[簡析]aching考查非謂語動詞。修飾名詞legs作定語,用aching,表示“疼痛的”。

二、短文改錯

[例1]Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.

[簡析]giving_given。

[例2]Hewouldalsocatchthefoodthrowingtohimfromtheothersideoftheroomand

singhappily.

[簡析]throwingthrowno

[例3]Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.

[簡析]keepskeepingo

[彳列4]Wecouldhearthesoundoftherainandourfootstepsmixingwithourlaughter.

[簡析]mixingfmixed

[仞!I5]Myclassmate,Joseph,isatpresentinhospitalwithabreakingleg.

[簡析]breakingbroken0

[例6]LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icame

acrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavoriteactors.

[簡析]makefmaking。

[例7]Hehadtimeforaproperbreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.

[簡析]八reach-^to0序數(shù)詞thefirst后跟動詞不定式作定語。

[例8]Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybathwater

whichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.

[簡析]usingfused。過去分詞短語作定語表被動,修飾名詞thewater。

[例9]Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.

[簡析]interestedfinteresting。故事是“令人感興趣的”,此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。

[例10]IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.

[簡析]takingftaken。

[例11]Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.

(2020全國卷I)

16

[簡析]fryingffried,考查動詞過去分詞作定語。名詞tomato與動詞fry是邏輯上的

動賓關(guān)系,所以將動詞fry變?yōu)檫^去分詞作定語,表達油炸蕃茄這種食物。

第五講:非謂語動詞作狀語

句型一:(verb)+其它,S+V+其它.

句型二:S+V+其它,(verb)+其它.

★l.v?ing短語在句子中作狀語,和句子主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。

Eg:Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.

Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomechildrenplayingfootball.

(When)hearingthe

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