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2023屆全國新需考美語沖剌突破復(fù)習(xí)
非謂語動詞
一、非謂語動詞的使用條件
一個句子當(dāng)中,已經(jīng)存在一個主句(謂語動詞),又沒有連詞和從句的情況下,還
有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時,這些動詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語動詞。
Ex.l:找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞(含短語)。
1.Thebosswantedtoseemeatonce.
2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.
3.1heardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.
4.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.
5.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗爭。)
6.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wefindtheparkisbeautiful.
7.Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.
8.Foundedin1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUS.
9.Weseefallenleavesontheground.
10.Dressedinred,shelooksmorebeautiful.
11.Weplantmanytreestomakeourcitygreen.
案:1.tosee2.tobeheld3.singing4.talking5.tolive,tostruggle6.seeing
7.reading8.founded9.fallen10.dressed11.tomake.
第一講:動名詞和不定式作主語
Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.
若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞,應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。
(1)v-ing作主語:動名詞做主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),常位于句首,
并視為單數(shù)形式。
Eg:Sendinge-mailisincreasinglypopular.
Collectin。stampsisagoodhobby.
句型:Itis+fun/agreatpleasure/awasteoftime/nouse(good,point,sense,harm)等名
詞+(in)doingsomething
(2)不定式作主語
Toplaybasketballisfunny.
不定式作主語,為了使句子平衡,往往用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式放至句子的
后面。
Eg:Ifssonicetohearyourvoice.
Itsnecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.
Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.
★Its+adj.forsb.todosth.和Ifs+adj.ofsb.todosth.
這樣的句子中,由于表語形容詞性質(zhì)的不同,導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語標(biāo)志用for或
of的區(qū)別。
Dforsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy,
hard,difficult,interesting,impossible,important,convenient等。
Eg:It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.
2)ofsb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格、品德、心智能力、主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,
如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,righto
Eg:It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
Exl:課堂檢測(請用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。)
1)Itisawasteoftime(play)computergames.
2)(talk)iseasierthandoing.
3)It'snouse(wait)here.
4)Itisnogood(write)tohim;heneveranswersletters.
5)Itisnice(play)chessaftersupper.
6)Itisuseless(telephone)him.Heisnotwillingtocome.
7)Ifsworth(make)aneffort.努一下是值得的。
8)It'snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.(read)asmuchaspossibleisnecessary.
答案:1.playing2.Talking3.waiting4.writing5.playing6.telephoning7.making
8.Reading
備注:動名詞在uItisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)
中作主語。
Ex2:真題感悟(Homework)
一、語法填空
[例1]Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult___31___
wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.
[簡析]it。it作形式主語,替代真正的不定式主語"tochooseasuitableChristmaspresentfor
herfather”。
H列2]Ittookyearsofwork_65_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.
[簡析]toreduce。動詞不定式作主語。
[例3]Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_63—(be)oftenacceptable.
[簡析]iso動名詞短語leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow作主語時,視為單
數(shù)。
[例4]ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesonce
theyrealizehowcheap_58—canbetoeatout.
[簡析]it。賓語從句中it作形式主語,動詞不定式作真正主語。
[例5]Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghow
longitwouldtake_62_(get)there.
[簡析]togetoIttakes+時間+t。dosth.意為“做某事花費多少時間”,動詞不定式在句中
作主語。
[修!16]Asisknown,it'snogood_62—(cry)overspiltmilk.
[簡析]crying。
[例7]Ittakesthemhundredsofyears_5—(break)down.(2020北京卷)
[簡析]考查動詞不定式。句意:它們用幾百年的時間才分解。固定句型Ittakessb./sth.+
一段時間+todosth.(花某人/物多長時間干某事),此處用動詞不定式(t。do)作真正主語,
It形式主語。故填tobreako
[彳列8]Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorfor
secondandthirdgraders_36—(begin)computerclasses.(2020新高考海南卷)
[簡析]句意:如今,10到12歲的孩子發(fā)布自己的網(wǎng)站,二年級和三年級學(xué)生開始上計
算機課,這些都很常見。本題考查“Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)it作形
式主語,真正的主語為不定式。故填tobegin。
[例9]Itispossible_63_(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.(2021全國甲卷)
[簡析]towalk。因itispossibletodosth為固定搭配,意為“做某事是可能的
[例10]Thisiswhere_23—(play)theflutecomesin,ifyoucanmakeplayingtheflute
cool,youdeserveallthefameandfortuneintheworld!(2021年1月上海春季-23)
[簡析]playing考查動名詞。句意“這就是長笛的來龍去脈,如果你能讓長笛變酷,你就
應(yīng)該名利雙收!、在where引導(dǎo)的表語從句中,應(yīng)用動名詞作主語表示一般的動作。
二、短文改錯
[例l]Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffair
playandteamspirit.
[簡析]PlayfPlaying。
[例2]Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday'sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.
[簡析]watchfwatching。
[例3]Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsportsandcollegeis
theonlyplaceforasmartboyliketheirson.Somyfriendhadnochoice.
[簡析]gofgoing。
口列4]Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmight
notbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.
[簡析]Have—Having。本句缺少主語,故用動名詞短語作主語。
[例5]Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe'soutside.
[簡析]understanding--understando
第二講:非謂語動詞作賓語:動名詞和不定式作賓語
Eg:Icouldn'thelpcryingwhenIheardthebadnews.
Doyoumindgivingupthejob?
句型:S+V+(verb)+其他.
1)用v-ing作賓語的動詞記憶口訣(請寫出對應(yīng)的單詞或詞組)
避免錯過少延期
建議完成多練習(xí)___________
喜歡想象禁不住__________
承認(rèn)否認(rèn)還考慮
逃避冒險不介意
期待成功更值得
答案:avoidmissdelay/putoff
advise/suggestfinishpractise
enjoyimaginecan'thelp
admitdenyconsider
escaperiskmind
Lookforwardtosucceedinbeworth
★在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用v-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義,也
可用不定式的被動式。
Eg:Thiscarneedsrepairing.Or:Thiscarneedstoberepaired.
2)用todo作賓語的動詞記憶口訣1
決定學(xué)會想希望_____________________________________________________________
拒絕假裝設(shè)法做
主動計劃守承諾
答應(yīng)請求幫一幫
答案:decide/determinelearnwanthope/wish
refusepretendmanage
offerplanpromise
agreeaskhelp
用todo作賓語的動詞記憶口訣2
三個希望兩答應(yīng)(hope,wish,want,agree,promise)
兩個要求莫拒絕(demand,ask,refuse)
設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定(manage,leam,decide)
不要假裝在選擇(pretend,choose)
3)接動名詞作賓語的動詞短語
①作介詞to的賓語:applyto,beaddictedto,besentencedto,beusedto/become
accustomedto,cometo,devote…to,getcloseto,getdownto,haveaccessto,
inadditionto,leadto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,prefer…
to…,seeto,stickto等。
②ban/keep/prevent/protect/save/stop…fromdoing,forgive/thanksomebody
fordoing,haveagood/bad/hardtime+(in)doing,have
difficulty/trouble/problems/fun/pleasure+(in)doing,ki11/spend/waste
time+(in)doing等。
(3)beengaged(in)doing/bebusy(in)doing/beoccupiedindoing,beinterested
in,beworthdoing/beworthyofbeingdone,burstout,can'tstand,feellike,
giveup,how/whatabout,insiston,keepon,putoff,setabout,succeedin
等。
4)有些動詞后可接動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語,但意義有區(qū)別
①forgettodo…忘記要去做某事(此事未做)
forgetdoing…忘記做過某事(此事已做)
②stoptodo…停下來去做另一件事
stopdoing…停止正在做的事
③remembertodo…記住去做某事(此事未做)
rememberdoing…記得做過某事(此事已做)
④regrettodo…對要做的事遺憾(此事未做)
regretdoing…對做過的事遺憾、后悔(此事未做)
⑤trytodo…努力、試圖做某事
trydoing…試著做某事
⑥meantodo…打算做某事
meandoing…意味著、意思是做某事
⑦goontodo…繼而去做另外一件事情
goondoing…繼續(xù)做同一件事
⑧proposetodo…打算(要做某事)
proposingdoing…建議(做某事)
⑨beusedtodo…被用來做某事
beusedtodoing…習(xí)慣于做某事
⑩can,thelp(to)do…不能幫助做某事
can'thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事
Ex.l:隨堂練習(xí)(用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
1.Theyallenjoyed(learn)toskate.
2.Jackhasjustgivenup(smoke).
3.Shedidn'tmind(work)overtime.
4.Youneedtopractise(speak)Englishtomakeprogress.
5.Don'ttrytoavoid(make)mistakesinlearningEnglish.
6.Tomfeelslike(go)fishing,buthedoesn'tlike(go)fishingthisafternoon.
7.Theboyhasadmitted(break)thewindow.
8.HowcanItrustyouifyoukeep(laugh)atme?
9.Theclassroomwants/requires(clean).
10.Ittooktheworkmanonlytwohourstofinish(repair)mycar.
答案:1.learning2.smoking3.working4.speaking5.making6.going,togo7.Breaking
8.laughing9.cleaning,tobecleaned10.repairing
11.Heconsidered(buy)acar.
12.Sheispractising(play)thepianointhenextroom.
13.Thebabycan'thelp(laugh)whenheseesamonkey.
ImsobusythatIcan*thelptocleantheroom.我太忙不能幫助打掃房間。
14.Theyagree(give)ittomethenextday.他們同意第二天將它給我。
15.Theyhope(find)newresourcesformankind.他們希望為人類找到新資源。
16.1demand(see)yourdirector.
17.1happened(know)theanswertoyourquestions.
18.Tomydisappointment,myfatherdoesn*tagree(buy)meanewbike.
19.1want(tell)youastory.我想給你講個故事。
20.Theybegin(work)ateighteverymorning.他們每天早晨8點開始工作。
答案:11.buying12playing13laughing14togive15tofind16tosee17toknow
18tobuy19totell20towork
21.Don'tforget(lock)thedoor.別忘了鎖門。
22.Wouldyoulike(go)andhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?
23.1mean(go)thereatonce.
24.1finditinteresting(work)withhim.
25.Mybikeneeds(repair).
26.Theoldmanrequires(look)after.
27.Remember(meet)metonight.記得今晚來接我(動作尚未發(fā)生)
28.1remember(visit)BeijingwhenIwasachild.(動作已發(fā)生)
29.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Iforgot(turn)itofflastnight.
30.Tilneverforget(see)themusicalcomedyinNewYork.
答案:21tolock22togo23togo24towork25repairing/toberepaired
26looking/tobelooked27tomeet28visiting29toturn30seeing
31.1regret(inform)youthatyouaredismissed.我很遺憾地告訴你,你被解雇了。
32.Hetried(improve)hisEnglish.他努力地提高英語水平。
33.Let'stry(do)itsomeotherway.我們換別的方法試試看。
34.1"msorry.Ican?thelp(clean)thewindows.對不起,我不能幫忙擦窗子了。
35.Hecouldn,thelp(laugh)whenheheardthenews.聽到那個消息時,他情
不自禁地笑了。laughing
36.Havingwashedtheclothes,motherwenton(sweep)thefloor.洗完衣月艮后,
媽媽接著掃地。
37.Theywenton(work)inthefieldsafterdark.天黑后,他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)在田里
干活。?
38.Afteralongwalk,theystopped(have)lunchatarestaurant.
39.Ifstimefbrclass.Pleasestop(talk).
40.1hadmeant(come)earlier.我本打算早點來。
41.Missingthistrainmeans(wait)foranotherhour.
答案:31toinform32toimprove33doing34toclean35laughing36tosweep37
working38tohave39talking40tocome41waiting
Ex.2:真題感悟
一、語法填空
[例1]Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused_66—(stop)until
wereachedthenextstop.
[簡析]tostopo動詞refuse后接不定式作賓語。
[彳列2]Apparently,Ihaddifficulty_31—(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindinga
jobtomydelight.
[簡析]adapting□havedifficulty(in)doingsomething”做某事有困難”。
[例3]Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude_67—(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe
120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.
[簡析]加roducing。動詞include后接動名詞作賓語。
[例4]ThehallwasdarkwhenIcamein;theshowwasabout_61—(begin).
[簡析]tobegin。beabouttodosth."剛要做某事”是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
[例5]Butunlikeschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term_61—(rest).
[簡析]resting。此處為spend…indoing…結(jié)構(gòu),介詞in可省略,故用動名詞形式。
口列6]Thisisn'tashardasitsounds,anditisfarbetterthananyothermethodbecauseyou
improveyourvocabularywhile_63—(read)aninterestingpieceofliterature.
[簡析]reading。邏輯主語you與動詞read為主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞reading…作狀語;
也可視為狀語從句whileyouarereading...的省略形式。
[例7]Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_63—(die)earlyby
running.
[簡析]dying。介詞of后接動名詞形式作賓語。
H列8]Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_64—(look)directlyintohiseyes
sohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.
[簡析]lookingoavoid后接動名詞作賓語。
[例9]Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto_61_(become)commonfbrmanyyoungpeople
inrecentyears,it'snotwithoutacost.
[簡析]havebecomeo由inrecentyears可'知,此處用不定式的完成式表示這一現(xiàn)象從過
去某時一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還可能持續(xù)下去。
[例10]Istillremember_59_(visit)afriendwho,dlivedherefbrfiveyearsandIwas
shockedwhenIlearntshehadn,tcookedonceinallthattime.
[簡析]visiting。rememberdoing…意為“記得做過某事”。
[例11]Scientistshaverespondedby_67—(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚
集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsarehigherthan
theyactuallyare.
[簡析]notingo介詞by后接動名詞形式作賓語。
[例⑵A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear”for_61—(be)Britain?s
oldestfull-timeemployee一stillworking40hoursaweek.
[簡析]beingo介詞for后接動名詞形式作賓語。
[例13]Minimizetheimpactof_67_(visit)theplace.(2021全國乙卷)
[簡析]visiting。在介詞后應(yīng)用名詞或動詞-ing形式,因后面有賓語theplace,所以只能
用動詞-ing形式。
[例14]Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andaccommodationsaim
—70—(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021全國乙卷)
[簡析]tohaveo因aimtodosth為固定搭配,意為“旨在做某事”。
[例15]ThatapproachbroughtCobb,sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans
—65—(continue)thepractice.(2022年1月浙江卷-65)
[簡析]tocontinue考查動詞不定式。謂語plans后面需接動詞不定式tocontinue作賓語。
二、短文改錯
[彳列1]Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthechanging
colorsoftheleavesonthetrees.
[簡析]sawseeingo
[例2]Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysand
girls.
[簡析]givefgiving。
[例3]Whenyou'reonadietyouhavetostopeattoomuch.
[簡析]eatfeating。
[例4]Istillremembergoingthereearlyandfeltanxiousaboutthenewworld.
[簡析]felt->feelingo
H列5]I?dliketostayingtherefbrhalfamonth,visitingplacesofinterestandpracticingmy
Englishaswell.
[簡析]stayingfstay。
[彳列6]Inshort,IwilldomybesttohelpmakingtheGamesasuccess.
[簡析]makingfmake。
[例7]Myparentshaveagreedtovisitingme,andIwillhaveadifferentvacation.
[簡析]visitingfvisit。
H列8]That*swhatIdidandIalsohadtotakeexamseverysixmonths.Now,I'vestoppedgoto
lessons.
[簡析]gofgoing。
[彳列9]Itwasalessontousthatitwaspossibletogivewithoutexpectanythinginreturn.
[簡析]expectexpectingo
[例10]Heisnotlosinganytimefromschoolbecauseheisbusystudywhathehasmissedin
classes.
[簡析]studystudyingo
[例11]Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.
[簡析]seefseeing。
。列12]Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.
[簡析]sellsellingo介詞by后接動石詞形式彳乍賓語。
[彳列13]Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatching
them,myparentswouldnotletme.
[簡析]watchingfwatch。動詞ask后接不定式作賓語,asktodosth意為“請求做某事
H列14]IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.
[簡析]managemanaging0succeedindoingsomething”成功地做了某事
第三講:非謂語動詞作表語:v?ing作表語、v?ed作表語和不定式作表語
S+be(系動詞)+P(表語)(動詞)。
備注:1.如果動詞+ing和動詞+ed后可以轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,那么主語指人表語就用v+ed;
主語指物表語就用v+ing.
Eg:Thestoryissomoving.
Eg:Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened.
Weweresoboredthatwecouldn,thelpyawning.
不定式作表語:不定式可放在be動詞后面,形成表語。
A.表示按計劃和安排將要發(fā)生的事情。
HeistomarryRose.
B.表示主語的內(nèi)容,但側(cè)重于目的性。
Herwishwastobecomeanartist.
C.表示情態(tài)意義(應(yīng)該,必須)。
Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.
Sheistoblame.
Ex.l:隨堂練習(xí)(用括號內(nèi)的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。)
1I'm(satisfy)withyouranswer.
2Heisnot(interest)inresearch.
3Thebookisvery(interest).
4.Wewere(excite)withjoyatthevictory.
5.Thenewswas(excite)tous
6.Nobodywas(interest)inthestorythathetold.
7.Theproblemis(puzzle).
8.Myworkistocleantheroom.
9.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.
答案:1satisfied2interested3interesting4excited5exciting6interested7
puzzling
部分加-ed和加-ing可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾稳菰~的動詞。
delighting令人高興的delighted感到高興的
disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人費解的puzzled感到費解的
satisfying令人滿意的satisfied感到滿意的
surprising令人驚異的surprised感到驚異的
worrying令人擔(dān)心的worried感到擔(dān)心的
amusing令人高興的amused開心的
encouraging鼓舞人心的encouraged受鼓勵的
exciting令人激動的excited激動的
worrying令人煩惱的worried煩惱的
tiring引起疲勞的tired疲勞的
astonishing令人驚訝的astonished驚訝的
動詞的一ed形式與一ing形式作表語時的區(qū)別。動詞-ed形式作表語,主要表示主語的
心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài),含有被動的意思,而動詞-ing形式作表語多表示主語具有的
特征,含有主動的意思。
備注:比較
A.要把動詞-ing形式作表語和現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開來。
B.要把動詞-ed形式作表語和被動語態(tài)區(qū)別開來。作表語的-ed形式表示狀態(tài),被動
語態(tài)表示被動動作。
Theproblemisquitepuzzling.
WearehavingourEnglishclass.
PetertheGreatisburiedhere.
PetertheGreatwasburiedherein1725.
Oneofmybadhabitisbitingnails(指甲)
Ex.2:真題感悟(Homework)
一、語法填空
11
[1]Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxious
and—63—(disappoint).
[簡析]disappointedo過去分詞disappointed“感至U失望的”用作形容詞,在句中作連
系動詞look的表語。
[2]Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor_38—(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportant
things?
[簡析]annoyed??崭裉幒托稳菰~impatient并列和系動詞get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),填annoyed
“惱怒的、生氣的",表示你變得生氣。
[3]Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot_63—(sweep)intoapileof
kitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,whereitremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafy
topaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.
[簡析]sweptosweep與thering之間是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞形式。
[4]Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_64—(look)directlyintohiseyesso
hedoesn,tfeel_65—(challenge).
[簡析]challenged。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示不直視它的眼睛,它就不會感覺受到挑戰(zhàn)。
feel為系動詞,challenged意為“受到挑戰(zhàn)的”。
[5]“Whatwereallyneedtodois_26—(bring)backplayforchildren,“says
Dr.JuanaWillumsen,aWHOspecialistinchildhoodobesityandphysicalactivity,ina
statementaboutnewWHOguidelinesissuedinApril2019.
[簡析]bring。
[6]Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome
—61_(educate)abouttheareas一bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsand
culturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe
developmentofthelocalareas.(2021全國乙卷)
[簡析]educated。在系動詞become后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語,表示“受過教育的二
[7]Iwasso_62—(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.(2021全國新高考H卷)
[簡析]excited考查形容詞。句意:當(dāng)他給我回信時,我很興奮。在系動詞was之后作
表語,用形容詞,修飾人,用v+ed形式的形容詞。
二、短文改錯
[例1]Afteranhourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightening.
[簡析]frightening->frightened0
[例2]MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasvery
interested.
[簡析]interestedinteresting0
[例3]Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassingasmysister,butIjustthoughtitwasfunny!
[簡析]embarrassingembarrassedo
12
[4]rmpleasingtohearit.
[簡析]pleasingpleasedo
[5]Iwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutofabuilding.[簡析]
disappointing—disappointed。
[6]Iamawfullytiring,butIknowV11neverfallasleep.
[簡析]tiringftired。
[7]Momwasgratefulandmoving.
[簡析]movingmovedo聯(lián)系句意"媽媽很感動”,此處應(yīng)該用過去分詞作表語。
[8]Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere!
[簡析]excitedfexciting?,F(xiàn)在分詞exciting”令人興奮的”用作形容詞,在句中作連
系動詞was的表語。
[例9]Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatis
ontherooftopoftheirhouse.
[簡析]interestinginterested0過去分詞interested”感到有興趣的”用作形容詞,在
句中作連系動詞are的表語。
[10]Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.
[簡析]interesting-erest(使感興趣)的形容詞有interesting(令人感興趣的)
常修飾物;與interested(感興趣的)常修飾人。本句的意思為:多虧一個偶然的事件,
我對踢足球產(chǎn)生了興趣。
[1l]OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafter
seeingadoctor.
[簡析]amazingamazedoamaze(使驚奇、使驚愕)形容詞形式有amazed(大為驚奇)與
amazing(令人大為驚奇的)。本句話中主語為I,句意:病人看完醫(yī)生就會感覺好很多,
對此我感到驚奇。
[12]TvehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.
[簡析]opensfopen。不定式做表語,to后用動詞原形。
第四講:非謂語動詞作定語
句型一:a/an/the(verb)+名詞
my/her/his(verb)+名詞
this/that(verb)+名詞
adj/Lihua飛(名詞所有格)(verb)+名詞
以上這四種形式一般考察的是非謂語動詞作定語,一般只能考慮填V?ed和V?ing,若
果該動詞有自己的形容詞,也有可能把動詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。
句型二:S+(verb)+其它+V+其它。
Thekiteflyingietheskywasmadebyhim.
Themaninjuredintheaccidentisabusdriver.
13
句型三:S+V+O(名詞/代詞)+(動詞)。
v-ing作定語:與被修飾的名詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示正在進行
Eg:Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
★位置:1)單個的動詞的-ing形式做定語,常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語。
如:aflyingobject
2)動詞的-ing形式的短語做定語,常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。如:
anobjectflyingintheair
★如果-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動關(guān)系,又強調(diào)正在進行就用beingdone,通常表示
正在被做,常做后置定語。
如:Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.正在被修建的建筑物將在
明年建完。
備注:動名詞作定語時,和它所修飾的名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,只表示被修飾
名詞的一般用途,必須位于名詞之前。如:areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedfor
reading閱覽室,adrawingboard畫板asewingmachine縫紉機awalkingstick手杖
v?ed作定語:如果所給動詞是及物動詞,那么與被修飾的名詞之間是被動關(guān)系和完成;
如果所給動詞是不及物動詞那么就只表示完成。單個分詞作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞前
面;詞短語作定語應(yīng)放在所修飾名詞的后面
Eg:Theainjuredmanisbusdriver.
Themaninjuredintheaccidentisabusdriver.
Shehasapleasedlookonherface.
Theteachergaveusasatisfiedsmile.
cookedfood熟食;成品awrittenreport書面報告;報告書
friedeggs煎雞蛋;炒蛋boiledwater開水;白開水
frozenfood速凍食品armedforces武裝部隊;武裝力量
requiredcourses必修課fallenleaves落葉
finishedproducts成品aforcedsmile苦笑
不定式作定語:
1)不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后,往往表示未發(fā)生的動作即表示將來。
Eg:Ihavealotofworktodo.
Therewasnothingtobringhomethatmorning.
2).序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、thelast、theonly等后或當(dāng)名詞或代詞被以上這些詞
修飾,且不定式與其邏輯主語為主謂關(guān)系時,常用動詞不定式作定語。
Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
14
3)當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是ability>chance、idea、attempt、plan、way、opportunity
等時,常用不定式作后置定語。
Iwanttohaveachancetofurthermystudy.
Ex.l:用括號內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1)What'sthelanguage(speak)inthatcountry?
2)They'reproblems(leave)overbyhistory.
3)Theplay(puton)bytheteacherswasabigsuccess.
4)Isthereanybody(injury)?
5)Thequestion(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.
6)Hewasthelastone(leave)schoolyesterday.
7)CharlesLindberghisthefirstman(fly)theAtlanticalone.
8)Shehasagoodchance(go)tocollege.
9)Hehasgotlotsofquestions(ask).
10)Thereisnothing(worry)about.
11)Thereisa(swim)poolinourschool.
12)Whoistheboy(run)towardsus。
答案:1spoken2left3puton4injured5discussed6toleave7tofly8togo
9toask10toworry11swimming12running
Ex.2:真題感悟(Homework)
一、語法填空
[例1]Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievementaward,proudIrenedeclaredshehadno
plans_65—(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.
[簡析]t。retire。不定式作后置定語,修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“……的計劃:
[例2]Whenwegotacall_68—(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.(2019
全國卷H)
[簡析]saying。say與被修飾名詞acall之間是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。
[例3]EarthDay,—4—(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublic
awarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.
[簡析]markedomark與被修飾名詞EarthDay之間是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作后置
定語。
[例4]Theyrepresenttheearth_63—(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornew
beginnings.(2020全國卷H)
[簡析]coming。非謂語動詞與被修飾名詞theearth之間是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作
后置定語。
[例5]Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_69—
(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020全國卷HI)
[簡析]surrounding。非謂語動詞與被修飾名詞thesoftclouds之間是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)
15
在分詞作后置定語?。
[例6]Apieceofstone_8—(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthuman
relatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.(2020北京卷)
[簡析]考查非謂語動詞。句意:在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明,我們已經(jīng)滅絕的
人類親戚尼安德特人比我們之前認(rèn)為的更聰明。句子的謂語為suggests,設(shè)空處在句
中作非謂語和邏輯主語之間是邏輯的被動關(guān)系。故答案為foundo
[彳列7]Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlights
thewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour_63_(ache)
legs.(2021全國新高考I卷)
[簡析]aching考查非謂語動詞。修飾名詞legs作定語,用aching,表示“疼痛的”。
二、短文改錯
[例1]Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.
[簡析]giving_given。
[例2]Hewouldalsocatchthefoodthrowingtohimfromtheothersideoftheroomand
singhappily.
[簡析]throwingthrowno
[例3]Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.
[簡析]keepskeepingo
[彳列4]Wecouldhearthesoundoftherainandourfootstepsmixingwithourlaughter.
[簡析]mixingfmixed
[仞!I5]Myclassmate,Joseph,isatpresentinhospitalwithabreakingleg.
[簡析]breakingbroken0
[例6]LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icame
acrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavoriteactors.
[簡析]makefmaking。
[例7]Hehadtimeforaproperbreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.
[簡析]八reach-^to0序數(shù)詞thefirst后跟動詞不定式作定語。
[例8]Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybathwater
whichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.
[簡析]usingfused。過去分詞短語作定語表被動,修飾名詞thewater。
[例9]Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.
[簡析]interestedfinteresting。故事是“令人感興趣的”,此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。
[例10]IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.
[簡析]takingftaken。
[例11]Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.
(2020全國卷I)
16
[簡析]fryingffried,考查動詞過去分詞作定語。名詞tomato與動詞fry是邏輯上的
動賓關(guān)系,所以將動詞fry變?yōu)檫^去分詞作定語,表達油炸蕃茄這種食物。
第五講:非謂語動詞作狀語
句型一:(verb)+其它,S+V+其它.
句型二:S+V+其它,(verb)+其它.
★l.v?ing短語在句子中作狀語,和句子主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。
Eg:Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.
Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomechildrenplayingfootball.
(When)hearingthe
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