2023年初一年級上冊冊英語語法 介詞

EnglishGrammar

英語語法

主講者：XXX

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

Whatisapreposition?

我們先回到第1章第2課的句子：

ThelastmanonEarthwasaloneinaroomandsuddenlyhe

heardaknockonthedoor.

如果將劃線詞去掉后的句子是：

ThelastmanEarthwasalonearoomandsuddenlyhe

heardaknockthedoor.

最后一個人，地球，孤單,一個房間，和，突然，他聽到，一聲敲擊

聲，門。

'整.句子感覺被切割成獨(dú)立的毫不相干的單元，讓人理解起來很費(fèi)勁,

當(dāng)然這也就不能稱其為“句子”了。但如果我們加上了那些詞，整個句子

就被串聯(lián)起來，感覺這些詞具有一種中介的作用，所以稱為“介詞"。從

這個意義上來講，你可以把介詞理解為連接前后兩個詞的中介詞，它體現(xiàn)

的是前后兩個詞的關(guān)系。

Whatisapreposition?

Aprepositionisawordusedtolinknouns,pronouns,orphrasesto

otherwordswithinasentence.Theyacttoconnectthepeople,

objects,XXXeandlocationsofasentence.Prepositionsareusually

shortwords,andtheyarenormallyplaceddirectlyinfrontofnouns.

介詞(preposition)是用來把名詞、代詞或短語與句子中的其他詞聯(lián)系

起來的詞。它們的作用是連接句子中的人、對象、時(shí)間和位置。介詞通常

是短詞，通常直接放在名詞前面(介詞的英文單詞叫preposition,pre-表

示"在前面"，position表示"位置"，preposition就是"在前面的位

置”，所以代詞亦稱“前置詞")。

Whatisapreposition?

Prepositionsareregardedasa'closedclass1ofwordsinthe

Englishlanguage.Thismeans,unlikeverbsandnouns,nonew

wordsareaddedtothisgroupoverXXXe.Inaway,itreflectstheir

roleasthefunctionalworkhorseofthesentence.Theyare

unassumingandsubtle,yetvitallyimportanttothemeaningof

language.

介詞在英語中被看作是一個“封閉詞類"(這意味著,

closedclass)o

與動詞和名詞不同，隨著時(shí)間的推移，沒有新詞被添加到這個詞類中。從

某種意義上說，這反映了介詞作為句子的功能主力的作用。它們低調(diào)而微

妙但對■語言的意義至關(guān)重要。

'在英營3語系，介詞的使話頻率^常高，往往通過介詞來表達(dá)動詞的

含義，這是英文思維有別于中文思維的一大特點(diǎn)。rt

對于"封閉詞類"，我們可以集中一段時(shí)間把它們?nèi)恳淮瓮黄啤?/p>

TypesofPrepositions

介詞的類型

Prepositionofspace空間介詞

PrepositionofXXXe時(shí)■間介詞

Prepositionwithnouns名詞+介詞

Prepositionwithadjectives形容詞+介詞

Prepositionwithverbs動詞+介詞

PrepositionofXXXe

PrepositionwithNouns

NounPrepositionExample

AnswerDoyouknowtheanswertothe

Toquestion?

LackWehoveexperiencedlackof

Ofresources.

TasteYouhoveagoodtastefor

Formusic!

SolutionCanyouhelpmefindasolution

Totomyproblem?

RelationshipWhat'sherrelationshipwith

WithJack?

PossibilityIsthereanypossibilityofgetting

Ofwhotwewant?

PrepositionwithAdjectives

badat

fondofboredof-with

interestedinproudof

famousfordifferentfrom

politetosimilarto

shockedatawareof

coolaboutconsciousof

crazyaboutresponsiblefor

goodat

PrepositionwithVerbs

arrivebelong

海、

recover

癖1

atcomment

i

1forEl

MostCommonPrepositions

最常用介詞列表

、??????■?■0、.14——S，，-Q-?Ti?c_TMLC?WT_?m

r.、

.About?Becauseof?Inadditionto?Nextto■Throughout

?AboveBefore■Incaseof?Past?Ti

，Accordingto.Behind，Infrontof.Per?Times

Across.Bdow.Inplaceof.Priorto?To

.After?Beneathf|Inspiteof，Round■Toward

.Againstf|Beside-Into■Snce?Towards

?Aheadof.Besides.Inside?off，Under

?Along■Between■Insteadof.On?Underneath

?Amidst?Beyond.Into■Onaccountof■Unfee

.Among9By■Except■Onbehalfof?Unti

.Amongst.Bymeansof。Exceptfor.Onto?Unto

.Apartfromf|Concerning?Excluding.Ontopof?Up

，Around■Despite.For.Onto■Upon

■As.Down.Fofowing■Opposite?Via

f|Asfaras?Dueto.From?Out.With

?Aswdas.During.Like?Outfrom?Withaviewto

f|Asidefrom，n.Minusf|Outofs'；t?

?At?Plus.Near?Owingto產(chǎn)

Barring.Within.Outside■ThanA

?Without、?Next/.?Over?Through___rzJ

Exercise1

Decidewhichtypeofprepositiontheunderlinedwordis.判斷戈

詞屬于哪種類型。仿照例子在括號里寫出類型的代號。

Prepositionofspace空間介詞(Type1)

PrepositionofXXXe時(shí)間介詞(Type2)

Prepositionwithnouns名詞+介痼(Type3)

Prepositionwithadjectives形容詞+介詞(Type4)

Prepositionwithverbs動詞+介詞(Type5)

Ex.Hesatonarock.(Type5)

1Thebabyjustsmiledatme.()

2Couldyoutellmetheanswertothequestion?(

3Thereisacatinthetunnel.()

4JimiscrazyaboutMichaelJackson.(

5Igetupat5a.m.everyday.(

is

Exercise2

Underlinetheprepositionsinthesentences.Each

sentencecontainsatleasttwoprepositions.在每句中的介

詞下面畫下劃線。每句至少有兩個介詞。

1Wewentthroughthedoorandsnuckintothebank.

2Wewerelookingforthemoneythatwaskeptinthe

safe.

3Therewasaguardwithagunstandingbesidethe

safe.

4Wetriedsneakingbyhim,butmyfriendtrippedover

amop.

5Theguardgrabbedhimbytheneck,butIsnuck

aroundhimandknockedhimdown.

AnswerKeytoExercise1

Decidewhichtypeofprepositiontheunderlinedwordis.判斷劃線介

詞屬于哪種類型。仿照例子在括號里寫出類型的代號。

Prepositionofspace空間介詞(Type1)

PrepositionofXXXe時(shí)間介詞(Type2)

Prepositionwithnouns名詞+介痼(Type3)

Prepositionwithadjectives形容詞+介詞(Type4)

Prepositionwithverbs動詞+介詞(Type5)

Ex.Hesatonarock.(Type5)

1Thebabyjustsmiledatme.(Type5)

2Couldyoutellmetheanswertothequestion?(

3Thereisacatinthetunnel.(Type1)

4JimiscrazyaboutMichaelJackson.(Type4

5Igetupat5a.m.everyday.(Type2)

AnswerKeytoExercise2

Underlinetheprepositionsinthesentences,Each

sentencecontainsatleasttwoprepositions.在每句中的介

詞下面畫下劃線。每句至少有兩個介詞。

1Wewentthroughthedoorandsnuckintothebank.

2Wewerelookingforthemoneythatwaskeptinthe

safe.

3Therewasaguardwithagunstandingbesidethe

safe.

butmyfriendtrippedover

5Theguardgrabbedhimbytheneck,

aroundhimandknockedhimdown.

EnglishGrammar

英語語法

主講者：XXX

體會時(shí)間介詞at,on,in隨時(shí)間單位的變大而漸變的過程

熟記ATrainofXXXe圖表,從而正確運(yùn)用時(shí)間介詞at,on,

一

ATrainofTime

-------X----

Timeisatrainthatmakesthefuturethepast.(U2)

xtJseStfoiaspecific

pointintimeUse111foi

pailsoftheday/^^Us^OH-forspecific

clays,dates,partsof

thedaymodifiedUsetnformonths'

,word.

andseasons.

UseInforyears,

decadesand

centimes

*7am.

IhemorningbirthdayMarch

MondayApril

卜Ispring1980

May

thispointnoonChristmasTuesday1983the1980s

IIWeclnesdayweekdaysJune

1986

July

thismomenttheMtanoohJuly4thsummer

Augustthe

Thursday20th

tlwmointngSeptemljer

thattimetheeveningFridayfallcentury

ofJuly4thOctoberTIME

autumn

Novenibei1995

presentnightthenightacoldmotnii9Saturday1997the1990s

Decenibef

zveekends1999

dinnerSundaymornngSundayJanuaiywinter

IFebtuary

intheat;inthe

past；presentfuture

Exercise1

Fillintheblankswithat,onandinaccordingtoATrainofXXXe.根

據(jù)ATrainofXXXe圖表用at,on,in填空。

1()the21stcentury

2()lunch

3()thefuture

4()night

5()thenight

6()2020

7()theafternoon

8()awinternight

9()October1st

10()thepast

Fillintheblankswithat,onandinaccordingtoATrainofXXXe.根

據(jù)ATrainofXXXe圖表用at,on,in填空。

11getup()5a.m.everymorning.

2Judywillgetalotofpresents()herbirthday.

3Wewentoutside()aSundaymorning.

4Doyoustayathome()weekends?

5Wereyourfatherborn()March?

6Whatdoyouusuallydo()Mondays?

7Iwasyounger()thatXXXe.

8Itoftensnows()winter.

9Lotsofrockbandswereformed()the1970s.

10Doyouwanttolive()the19thcentury?tn

is.

Answer

Fillintheblankswithat,onandinaccordingtoATrainofXXXe.根

據(jù)ATrainofXXXe圖表用at,on,in填空。

1(in)the21stcentury

)theafternoon

)awinternight

)October1st

)thepast

AnswerKeytoExercise2

Fillintheblankswithat,onandinaccordingtoATrainofXXXe.根

據(jù)ATrainofXXXe圖表用at,on,in填空。

11getup(at)5a.m.everymorning.

2Judywillgetalotofpresents(on)herbirthday.

3Wewentoutside(on)aSundaymorning.

4Doyoustayathome(on)weekends?

5Wereyourfatherborn(in)March?

6Whatdoyouusuallydo(on)Mondays?

7Iwasyounger(at)thatXXXe.

8Itoftensnows(in)winter.

9Lotsofrockbandswereformed(in)the1970s.

10Doyouwanttolive(in)the19thcentury?

EnglishGrammar

英語語法

主講者：XXX

重點(diǎn)掌握in,since,for,by的用法

熟記ATestDay圖表，正確運(yùn)用圖中的時(shí)間介詞

，八4，“，，L〃廣”“廣，

Beforethetest-io：boInthemiddleof7duringthetest12:00Afterthetest

At10:00Thetestbeginsat10:00.

f

A1D:00

From10:00to12:00Thetestlastsfrom10:00to12:00.

上

10:0012:00

Nooneisallowedtoentertheclassroombefore9:50.

Before

千V

Youarenotallowedtoenter9:50.

Until9:50Ifyouaniveearlier,youneedtowaituntil9:50.

1AfterNooneisallowedtoentertheclassroomafter10:30

i一----------------------------------1-

§10:30

Youareallowedtoentertheclassroombetween9:50and10:30

Between9:50and10:30

___1____—

T-----------------------------------------------

-9:5010:30Nooneisallowedtoleavetheclassroomduringthetest.

Inthemiddleof/DuringMFNooneisallowedtoleavetheclassroominthemiddleofthetest.

D10X)012:00

For1hourIt's11:00now.Thetesthasbeengoingonforonehour.

A

10:0011:00By=Nolaterthan

Y=At+BeforeYourtestpapersneedtobesubmittedby12:00.

-

12:00

ByFm田老師SinceIfs11:50now.

Twentytestpapershavebeensubmittedsince11:30.

Mr

11:3011:50

20minutesagoThefirstonewassubmitted20minutesago.

Y

113011:S0

,10minutes丫智狀;若需需黑公⑶e

Choosetherightanswer.根據(jù)ATestDay圖表選擇正確答案。

1Youarenotallowedtoentertheclassroomuntil9:50.(

AYoucanentertheclassroomat9:50.

BYoucanentertheclassroomat9:45.

2Ifyouarriveearlier,youneedtowaituntil9:50.()

AIfyouarriveat9:43,youdon,thavetowait.

BIfyouarriveat9:40,youhavetowait.

3Ifs10:00now.Thetesthasbeengoingonfor2hours.()

AThetestendedat12:00.

BTheteststartedat8:00.

4Yourtestpapersneedtobesubmittedby11:00.()

AYoucansubmityourtestpaperat11:10.

BYoucansubmityourtestpaperat11:00.

5It's10:00now.Youcangohomein15minutes.()

AYoucangohomeat10:10.

BYoucangohomeat10:18.

Exercise2

FillintheblankswithprepositionsofXXXeaccordingtoATestDay.

根據(jù)ATestDay圖表用相關(guān)介詞填空。

1表示"直到……為止"用介詞（）。

2表示"在……期間"用介詞（）。

3表示"持續(xù)了……（一段時(shí)間）”用介詞（）。

4表示"不晚于……"用介詞（）。

5表示"（以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間）之后"用介詞（）。

AnswerKeytoExercise1

Choosetherightanswer,根據(jù)ATestDay圖表選擇正確答案。

1Youarenotallowedtoentertheclassroomuntil9:50.(A)

AYoucanentertheclassroomat9:50.

BYoucanentertheclassroomat9:45.

2Ifyouarriveearlier;youneedtowaituntil9:50.(B)

AIfyouarriveat9:43,youdon'thavetowait.

BIfyouarriveat9:40,youhavetowait.

3It's10:00now.Thetesthasbeengoingonfor2hours.(B)

AThetestendedat12:00.

BTheteststartedat8:00.

4Yourtestpapersneedtobesubmittedby11:00.(B)

AYoucansubmityourtestpaperat11:10.

BYoucansubmityourtestpaperat11:00.

5It's10:00now.Youcangohomein15minutes.(B)

AYoucangohomeat10:10.

BYoucangohomeat10:18.

Answer

FillintheblankswithprepositionsofXXXeaccordingtoATestDay.

根據(jù)ATestDay圖表用相關(guān)介詞填空。

1表示"直到……為止”用介詞（until）。

2表示"在......期間"用介詞（during/inthemiddleof）。

3表示"持續(xù)了……（一段時(shí)間）"用介詞（for）。

4表示"不晚于……"用介詞（by）。

5表示"（以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間）之后"用介詞（in）0

EnglishGrammar

英語語法

主講者：XXX

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

outsideinT0

Theballisoutsidethebox.（靜）Theballgetsintothebox.（動）

Theballisoutsidethebox.（靜）Theballgetsontothebox.（Sb）

outsideonto

Theballgetsoffthebox.（動）Theballisonthebox.（靜）

Exercise1

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根據(jù)圖示用正

確的空間介詞填空。

(1)Theballis_thebox.

(2)Theballgets_thebox.

(3)Theballgets_thebox.

(4)Theballisthebox.

Exercise2

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根據(jù)圖示用正確的空間

介詞填空。

(1)Theballis________thebox.

(2)Theballgets__________thebox.

(3)Theballgets___________thebox.

(4)Theballis___________thebox.

AnswerKeytoExercise1

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根據(jù)圖示用正

確的空間介詞填空。

(1)Theballisoutsidethebox.

(2)Theballgetsintothebox.

(3)Theballgetsoutofthebox.

(4)Theballisin/insidethebox.

Answer

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根據(jù)圖示用正確的空間

介詞填空。

(1)Theballisoutsidethebox.

(2)Theballgetsontothebox.

(3)Theballgetsoffthebox.

(4)Theballisonthebox.

EnglishGrammar

英語語法

主講者：XXX

體會空間介詞的靜態(tài)和動態(tài)屬性

正確運(yùn)用空間介詞

Theballgoesupthepyramid.（動）Theballgoesdownthepyramid.（動）

up/!\down

ontopof

Theballisatthefootofthepyramid.（靜）

atthefootofTheballisontopofthepyramid

Prepositionc

BallAisabovethebox.

BallBisoverthebox.

BallCisabovethebox.

BallDisbesidethebox.

BallEisbesidethebox.

BallFisunderthebox.

BallHisbelowthebox.

BallKisbelowthebox.

,；(J.1

nu

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根據(jù)圖示用正

確的空間介詞填空。

(1)Theballgoes__________thepyramid

(2)Theballgoes_________thepyramid.

(3)Theballis_________thepyramid.

(4)Theballis__________thepyramid.

Exercise2

?4?一即^?>1

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根據(jù)圖示用正

確的空間介詞填空。

/1\^A

(\JCs

\7BBathebox.

(z2)\aBn?s

\/B_thebox.

a?

(/3)XCn?

\/B_thebox.

4aDl?s

(z)\

xzBals_thebox.

/5\EI?s

\(/)B_thebox.

/6\sF?s

\(7B■1

7\aH_thebox.

7Bis

z8\aK?_thebox.

\(/)thebox.

□a

.一■■---

AnswerKeytoExercise1

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根據(jù)圖示用正

確的空間介詞填空。

(1)Theballgoesupthepyramid.

(2)Theballgoesdownthepyramid.

(3)Theballisatthefootofthepyramid.

(4)Theballisontopofthepyramid.

rt

AnswerKeytoExercise2

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根據(jù)圖示用正

確的空間介詞填空。

(1)BallAisabovethebox.

(2)Ball