英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論-課件

英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論

英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論Hisgrowth:Borninawealthyfamily,Mississippi/"theAmericanDeepSouth"/riseandfall/"aFaulknerianworld"/nostalgia(懷舊)/impendingdoom即將發(fā)生的命運(yùn)Hiscreation:familyhistory/prototypes原型/thetownofOxford(Jefferson)/Hisgreat-grandfather,WilliamClarkFalkner(ColonelSartoris)/MaryLouiseNeilson&JackBarrona,Yankeestreetpaver鋪路工(Emily&Homer)Hisconcerns:southernaristocratic貴族families/AmericanSouth/humansituation/spiritualdeterioration心靈的惡化/lossoflove/wantofemotionalresponse情緒反應(yīng)Prizewinner：twoPulitzer普利策Prizes,aNationalBookAward,andtheNobelPrizeforLiterature(1950)PlotreviewSection1Emily'sfuneralasabigeventthehouseandherdistinguished受人尊敬的familytaxincident事件&thevisitbythedeputation代表團(tuán)Section2smellinEmily'shouse&complaints抱怨intheneighborhood&actionstakentodoawaydeathofEmily'sfather&herdelayeddisposal推遲處理Section3Emily'ssicknessbeforedatingwithHomerbarron&passionate熱烈的lovethepurchaseofarsenic砒霜Section4widespreadrumors傳聞inthetowntheabsolutereclusive孤獨(dú)的lifeofEmilySection5deathofMissEmilywithherhouseviolentlyinvadeddiscoveryofthemurder&hernecrophilia(戀尸癖)ClosereadingMissEmily'sfatherherappearance外貌andcharacterthewomeninhertowntheattitudeofhertownspeopleherhousevisual看得見的violence:Emilyvs.townsfolk鎮(zhèn)民voiceofMissEmilythenarrator英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論“afallenmonument”(p.9)倒下的紀(jì)念碑thedeputation'svisit(p.10)Emilyindrugstore(p.14)英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論SymbolsforthetownspeopleAlienated感到孤獨(dú)的bodyDerogatory貶義的terms:bias偏見/stereotype陳規(guī)舊習(xí)英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論"abig,squarishframehouse"方木屋/location位置"aneyesore難看的東西amongeyesores"theattractionandfocusofthetown(p.11/16/)thecapturedhouse(p.16/17)Whatdoesherhousesymbolize?Shelter居所:privacy隱居/homelongpast/memorydignitynottobeoffendedfortress堡壘prison英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論"acrayonportrait"蠟像(p.10)fatherclutchingahorsewhip馬鞭(P.12)fathervs.youngmen(p.12)theinfluenceofthefather(p.15)Emily'sdeadbody&father'sfaceabsent&present:HEisalwaysthere.英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論thecuriouswomen(p.9)"onlyawomancouldhavebelievedit"(p.9)ladieswithmixedfeelings(p.14/15)ladiesasinvaders(p.16/17)Dotheyreallycareabouttheirsister?Thefemalespectators:visualpleasureSpitefulgossips(thetownspeople)Observers,commentators,supervisors,interventionistsComplicity合謀者successorsofEmily’sfather英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論“toseetheinsideofherhouse”9“acrayonportrait”10“l(fā)ookedback/staredat/lookedhimeyeforeye/lookedaway”14“wesatbacktowatchdevelopments/AneighborsawtheNegroman/wewouldseeheratawindow”15“Daily,monthly,yearly,wewatchedtheNegro…/lookingornotlookingatus…/theirquick,curiousglances”16“l(fā)ookingdownattheprofoundandfleshlessgrin”17“wesawalongstrand股ofiron-gray鐵灰色的hair.”Gaze(凝視):apsychoanalytical心理分析term/JacquesLacan/anxiousstatethatcomeswiththeawarenessthatonecanbeviewed/thesubjectlosesadegreeofautonomyuponrealizingthatheorsheisavisibleobject/mirrorstage/achildencounteringamirrorrealizesthatheorshehasanexternalappearance外貌/gazeeffectproducedbyanyconceivable可想向的objectsuchasachairoratelevisionscreen,eyeball.Malegaze:LauraMulvey/”VisualPleasureandNarrativeCinema

”/genderpowerasymmetryinfilm/womenobjectified使具體化infilmbecauseheterosexual異性戀的menwereincontrolofthecamera/voyeurism(窺淫癖)andscopophilia(窺視)/influentialinfeministfilmtheoryandmediastudies/curves曲線ofawoman'sbody/anerotic性欲的objectforcharacterswithin&thespectatorswithout/

passivetotheactivegazefromtheman/gazervs.gazedFemalegaze:womenlookatthemselvesthroughtheeyesofmen/malegazeasamanifestation示威ofunequalpowerbetweengazerandgazed,orasanattempttodevelopthatinequality不平等的/awomanwhowelcomesanobjectifyinggazemaybesimplyconformingtonorms準(zhǔn)則establishedtobenefitmen/toreducearecipienttoanobject/Welcomingsuchobjectification客觀化maybeviewedasakin相似的toexhibitionism(裸露癖)英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論ThreekindsofgazeHerfather’sportrait:aneyeofpatriarchal家長的power/thetownspeoplefromthesameperspectiveThefemalegazeThegazeofthereaders:voice/takeEmilywithapinchofsalt有保留地EmilythegazedinthehouseAneyeforaneyeAbattleforvisualpowerAnobjecttobeasubjectWomanwarrior英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論Role-play:IfyouwereEmily,howwouldyoutellyourstory?Thesilencedheroine女主角:voicevs.silenceTheater劇場oftheabsurd(荒誕劇):PanJinlian英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論劇中人：潘金蓮、武松、武大郎、西門慶、張大戶、王婆、潑皮甲、潑皮乙、潑皮丙劇外人：呂莎莎、施耐庵、武則天、安娜﹒卡列尼娜、女庭長、賈寶玉、芝麻官、現(xiàn)代阿飛、紅娘、上官婉兒女庭長：按照法律程序進(jìn)行調(diào)解。呂莎莎：夫妻毫無愛情基礎(chǔ)，調(diào)解仍然無效呢？女庭長：根據(jù)《婚姻法》第25條，批準(zhǔn)離婚。呂莎莎：可是紫石街上沒有人民法庭，潘金蓮出路何在？女庭長：她只有三條路可走。呂莎莎：一？女庭長：懸梁投江，快性自殺？呂莎莎：二？女庭長：終生痛苦，慢性自殺？呂莎莎：都不幸，第三條路呢？女庭長：這就是下一場她選擇的險路-----英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論

不幸人，求幸福，不擇手段，先受害，后害人，走向深淵。聽雷聲催成謀夫案，看閃電扭曲潘金蓮。

潘金蓮：霹靂震，孽債逼人山壓頂，電光閃，欲海越陷越深沉。盼長久，怕離分，舍不得巫山云雨迷魂陣，割不斷熱戀狂歡枕席情。破罐破摔走險徑，跟西門就學(xué)西門，這世道教人手要狠，當(dāng)初我人善被人坑，人坑我，我坑人，不幸人漸起殺人心！安娜：不幸的女人，別殺人啊，要?dú)⒕妥詺?！潘金蓮：你是誰？安娜：我站在地球另一邊，我站在歷史那一段，做著非?；恼Q的夢，時光倒轉(zhuǎn)，同病相憐。請隨我臥向那冰涼的鐵軌，看列車穿過俄羅斯的平原……安娜：我死了-----凈化了靈魂，解脫了苦難。這才是女人唯一的出路，是上帝為弱者規(guī)定的法典。砒霜自吞下，死神在召喚，阿門！再見！地獄再見……英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論武則天：男女間太不平于此可見。為什么有夫權(quán)絕無妻權(quán)？尚方劍，尚方劍-----砍不動三從四德舊法典……眾人：刀下留人！武則天：罪不當(dāng)死！張大戶：罪該萬死！賈寶玉：罪在世道！張大戶：罪在女人！芝麻官：清官難斷？阿飛：下“零件‘，放血！女庭長：一部沉淪史，千年封建根。想救難挽救，同情不容情。覆轍不可蹈，野史教訓(xùn)深。施耐庵：本書不管后代事，武松動手，殺！呂莎莎：吉他變調(diào)彈古音，是非且聽百家鳴……英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論grotesque:charactersinducebothempathy同感anddisgust反感.(Acharacterwhoinspiresdisgustaloneissimplyavillainoramonster惡人.)/thephysicallydeformed身體上的畸形&thementallydeficient心理上的缺陷Thereaderbecomespiqued（angry）bythegrotesque'spositiveside,andcontinuesreadingtoseeifthecharactercanconquertheirdarkerside.unimaginably難以想象的darkimages:adecaying（腐朽的）mansion（宅第）,acorpse死尸,amurder,amysteriousservantwhodisappears,and,mosthorrible可怕的ofall,necrophilia(戀尸癖)–anerotic性欲的orsexualattractiontocorpses.英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論TheOldSouth：idealized(理想化)landofprosperousplantations（種植園）/largewhitehouses,culturedpeople,andastableeconomybasedoncottonUtopia（烏托邦）:adistortion扭曲/unpleasant,evenappalling駭人聽聞的,realitiesofplantation種植園life–oneofwhichwasslavery.theCivilWar(1861-1865):Southdestroyedandbeset（困擾）byeconomichardship（困難）/whiteSoutherners南方人(likeEmilyandherneighbors)asakindofnostalgia（懷舊）foragoldenage.英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論

gothicarchitecture建筑:medieval中世紀(jì)的type/highpointedarchandvault(拱頂)/flyingbuttresses(扶壁)/intricaterecesses(凹處)/westernEuropein12th-16thcenturies/NotreDamedeParis

英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論GothicnovelorGothicromance：astoryofterror恐怖andsuspense懸疑inagloomyoldcastleormonastery(修道院)(hence‘Gothic’,atermappliedtomedievalarchitectureandthusassociatedinthe18thcenturywithsuperstition邪教，迷信).Inanextendedsense影身意義,manynovelsthatdonothaveamedievalizedsetting中古化的環(huán)境,butwhichshareacomparablysinister險惡的(threatening),grotesque(strange),ormysteriousatmospherehavebeenclassed歸類asGothic.HaddonHall,Bakewell,Derbyshire,England(2002)ThehallthatinspiredthecreationofThornfieldHall英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論

SouthernGothicSouthernGothic：asubgenre亞美/

uniquetoAmericanliterature/supernatural超自然的,ironic具有諷刺意味的,orunusualeventstoguidetheplot/toolsnotforthesakeof為了suspense(懸念）,buttoexploresocialissuesandreveal揭露theculturalcharacteroftheAmericanSouth.

TheSouthernGothicauthorusuallytakesclassicGothicarchetypes（原型，典型）,suchasthedamselindistress（落難的少女）ortheheroicknight（有英雄氣概的騎士）,thenportraystheminamoremodernandrealisticspinster(老處女),orawhite-suited,fan-brandishing（揮舞扇子的）lawyerwithulteriormotive（秘而不宣的動機(jī)）/Emily&Homer

SouthernGothicisagenre體裁frequentlyidentifiedwithgrotesquesandWilliamFaulknerisoftencitedastheringmaster(馬戲演出的領(lǐng)班).“ARoseforEmily”:Southerngothicandgrotesque/thegeneraltoneisoneofgloom,terror,andunderstated輕描淡寫的violence.

ThemesoftheStory英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論Afeminist女權(quán)主義者interpretation解釋ofthenovel:visualviolence---moviestudies---transplant--literatureAmongotherthemes,itemphasizesthedifferencesbetweenthepast,withitsaristocracy（貴族）–Colonel上校Sartoris’gallantry殷勤(politeunselfishattentionpaidbyamantoawoman),theGriersons衛(wèi)戍部隊’aloofness超然態(tài)度andpride,andtheboard董事會ofoldaldermen’s(地方官員)respectforMissEmily–andthemoderngeneration’sbusiness-likementality（心態(tài)）,embodied體現(xiàn)intheboardofnewaldermen市府參事andthemanymodernconvenienceswehearabout.AsFrankA.LittlerwritesinNotesonMississippiWriters,“ARoseforEmily”hasbeen“…readvariouslyasaGothichorrortale,astudyinabnormalpsychology變態(tài)心理學(xué),anallegory(寓言)oftherelationsbetweenNorthandSouth,ameditation沉思o(jì)nthenatureoftime,andatragedy悲劇withEmilyasasortoftragicheroine.”Whysuchatitleforthestory?Whenaskedataseminar（討論課，研討會）attheUniversityofVirginiaaboutthemeaningofthetitle“ARoseforEmily,”Faulknerreplied,“Oh,it’ssimplythepoorwomanhadnolifeatall.Herfatherhadkepthermoreorlesslockedupandthenshehadaloverwhowasabouttoquit離開her,shehadtomurderhim.Itwasjust‘ARoseforEmily’–that’sall.”Inanotherinterview,askedthesamequestion,hereplied,“Ipitied憐憫herandthiswasasalute(致意),justasifyouweretomakeagesture,asalute贊頌,toanyone;toawomanyouwouldhandarose,asyouwouldliftacupofsaketoaman.”英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論英語文學(xué)導(dǎo)論Onewayofexplainingtheexcellenceof“ARoseforEmily”isbyconsideringitslackofchronologicalorder時間順序.Suchadissection(分解)oftheshortstoryinitially（一開始）mightappeartoweakenit,butthisap