句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)進程課件

requireearndevoteinformdonaterequirementheadmasterliteratureavailableenjoyablechallengingfluentsomehowfluentlydifferentlyusuallyrequireearndevoteinform英語詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性，英語詞性共有十大類。PartsofSpeech英語詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性，英語詞性共有十大類。Par1名詞

nounn.student學(xué)生2代詞pronounpron.you你

3形容詞

adjectiveadj.happy高興的4副詞

adverbadv.quickly迅速地

5動詞

verbv.cut砍、割6數(shù)詞

numeralnum.three三

7冠詞

articleart.a一個8介詞

prepositionprep.at在...9連詞conjunctionconj.and和10感嘆詞

interjectioninterj.oh哦實詞虛詞1名詞nounn.student學(xué)生英語句子成分取得英語語法成功的基石英語句子成分取得英語語法成功的基石

句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。

組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。

★句子成分：主·謂·賓·表補·定·狀·同位語

句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。

組成句子的各個部分叫

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語ImetmybestfriendToma㈠主語（subject）

句子說明的人或事物,

主語一般位于______

。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名詞）

（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）（句子）句首㈠主語（subject）

句子說明的人或事物,

主語一般位于找出下列句中的主語并說出是有什么來充當(dāng)?shù)?.Thesunrisesintheeast.

2.Seeingisbelieving.

3.Toseeistobelieve.

4.Whatheneedsisabook.5.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名詞）

（動名詞）

（不定式）（句子）（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）找出下列句中的主語并說出是有什么來充當(dāng)?shù)?.Thesun當(dāng)不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。什么情況下用it作形式主語？當(dāng)不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()說謊是錯誤的。爭吵是沒用的。誰要來還不確定。你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？說謊㈡

謂語（predicate

）

說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征，用動詞充當(dāng)（有時不止一個動詞），主謂一般要靠在一起。簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing㈡謂語（predicate）

說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和

選出下列句中的謂語①Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.A.lookedB.lookedup

C.lookedupthewordD.inthedictionary②Hehascaughtabadcold.

A.hasB.caught

C.hascaughtD.abadcold③Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.A.runningB.practicesrunningC.practicesD.everymorning選出下列句中的Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名詞）

(

代詞）(數(shù)詞)(名詞化的形容詞)(三)賓語（object

）動作的對象或承受者，由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于_________或______之后。（不定式）（動名詞）（句子）及物動詞介詞Showyourpassport,please.（名

有些及物動詞如give,tell,bring,buy等可以帶雙賓語，一個指人，一個指物。通常情況下，指物的叫直接賓語，指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語多放在直接賓語之前。↓間接賓語↓直接賓語●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.Hegaveme

somebooks.有些及物動詞如give,tell,bring,b賓語有三種動賓Iboughtabook.直接/間接賓語

ShegaveJohn

abook．介賓Theytalkaboutabook.注意賓語有三種注意

挑出下列句中的賓語①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Theteacherturnedoffthelights.④He'llgiveusatalk.

⑤Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.挑出下列句中的賓語（四）表語（predicative

）在系動詞后的部分就是表語Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.（四）表語（predicative）在系動詞后的部分就是系動詞1.表狀態(tài)的be(am,is,are)2.表感官的sound,taste,feel，look,seem,appear3.表持續(xù)的keep,remain,stay,standYoukeepquite!5.表變化的become,grow,come,go6.表終止的prove,turnout證實…系動詞1.表狀態(tài)的be(am,is,are)Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.（五）賓語補足語（objectcomplement）

補充說明賓語的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。常用的動詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let等?

?Ifoundthebookinteresting.

（六）同位語（appositive）

位于名詞或代詞后面，解釋說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況，兩者的語法功能相同，后面是前面的同位語。Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句（六）同位語（appositive）Weyoung（七）定語（attributive

）Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54

studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)對n./pron.進行修飾限定的成分，漢語中用‘……的’表示。()()()()()()（七）定語（attributive）Heisacl定語后置：如果定語是一個單詞時，通常要前置。而由一個詞組或一個句子表示時，通常后置。Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?定語后置：用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句的成分,狀語的位置靈活。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時間狀語)（八）狀語（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句的成分,Iam狀語的分類:狀語按照內(nèi)容可分為時間,地點,原因,目的,結(jié)果,條件,讓步,方式,程度,伴隨狀況等.表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)時放句首。狀語的分類:表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)畫出下列句子的狀語

Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.畫出下列句子的狀語Iwillbebackina

句子成分鞏固練習(xí)

（一）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?（一）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分1.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

狀主謂狀2.Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系狀表3.Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.

主謂賓4.Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主謂狀1.LastweekIwenttothesupe4.ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表5.InevergetupearlyonSundays.

I

never

getup

early

onSundays.

主狀謂狀狀6.Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主謂賓

youngwoman

angrily.

賓狀4.ItwasSunday.7.Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主謂定賓連主謂

understand

aword.

謂賓8.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主謂狀連主

didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

謂賓賓7.Ireadafewlines,butIdid9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.主謂狀連謂定賓10.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主謂狀連主謂already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

狀謂定定places

inAustralia.賓定9.Igotupearlyandboughtth11.HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.

He

has

just

bought

acar

and

主謂狀謂賓連hasgone

toAliceSprings,asmalltown

謂狀同位語inthecentreofAustralia.

定11.Hehasjustboughtacaran12.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.

He

callsat

everyhouse

inthestreet

主謂賓定

onceamonth

and

always

asksfor

狀連狀謂amealandaglassofbeer.

賓12.Hecallsateveryhousein13.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.

You

willtell

your

friend

主謂定間賓

thatyou’ve

gottoschool.

直賓13.Youwilltellyourfriennounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補表語賓語(間)賓語(直)Vt系動詞ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英語句子基本成分示意圖be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.noun主語謂語賓語賓語賓補表語賓語(間)賓語(直)Vt系動1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

6.Thereliesabookonthedesk.主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語??主+謂+賓+賓補Therebe句型簡單句基本句型實例1.Thingschanged.主+謂Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice??主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語主+謂+賓+賓補Nobodywent.Practice??主附屬成分基本成分的修飾語?？梢允牵憾ㄕZ：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。定語Poor

Johntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymany

books，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.附屬成分基本成分的修飾語?？梢允牵憾ㄕZJohnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschool

tenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.狀語Johnoftencametochatwithm按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分：1)簡單句2)并列句3)復(fù)合句句子類型按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分：1)簡單句句子類型簡單句只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。（即只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendraws

picturesforthewallnewspapers.簡單句只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。我們可以給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語修飾，給句子的動詞加上副詞修飾或給句子加上狀語修飾等，以使整個句子的意思變得更豐富和充實。但不管如何變，都只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。Heworkedhardallhislife.(劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾動詞worked)HeisaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.

(劃線部分在句中作定語，修飾名詞student)我們可以給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語修飾，給句子的動詞加上副詞e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.并列句句型：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。e.g.YouhelphimandhehelpspracticeThisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbut

soHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.practiceThisismeandthesea就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主句部分，而另一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。句型主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句；或引導(dǎo)詞+從句+主句復(fù)合句就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。復(fù)合句句型主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句；或引導(dǎo)詞+從句+主句TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.、(when引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisgettingmoreandmorepowerful.(as引導(dǎo)一個定語從句)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where引導(dǎo)一個地點狀語從句)句型名詞性從句狀語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句復(fù)合句中的從句包括Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.名詞性從句狀語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句

Myroommatewassleeping,wedidn’twanttowakeherup.請用所學(xué)知識改正下列病句Myroommatewassleeping.Wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Myroommatewassleeping,sowedidn’twanttowakeherup.IwenttobedbecauseIwastired.

Iwenttobed.BecauseIwastired.Myroommatewassleeping,we

Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland.Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIslandChinahashundredsofislandExercises判斷句型1.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentontohelphismother.2.Whathesaysdoesn’tsuitwhathedoes.

(簡單句劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾整個句子)

(復(fù)合句包含兩個名詞性從句：Whathesays是一個主語從句；whathedoes是一個賓語從句)Exercises判斷句型1.Havingfinishe3.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.4.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?簡單句復(fù)合句簡單句3.WeoftenstudyChinesehist6.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.7.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.8.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.并列句

復(fù)合句

簡單句6.HeisinClassOneandIam9.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.10.Whathesaidatthemeetingisvery