高考英語總復(fù)習-Unit-1-Great-scientists課件-新人教版必修5

范文背誦：SteveJobs,thegodfatherofApple,wasborninSanFrancisco,California,theUSAonFebruary24th,1955andpassedawayonOctober5th,2011.HegraduatedfromHomesteadHighSchool.Hewasaninventor,entrepreneurandformerCEOofAppleCompany,withiPod,iPhone,iPadandsoonashismasterpieces.Jobsmadeagreatcontributiontothetransformationofmodernmeansofcommunication,entertainmentandlifestyle.Itwashewholedthetrendofglobalinformationtechnologyandelectronicproducts,enablingtheoncerareandexpensiveelectronicproductstobecomepartofpeople'slifeinmoderntimes.史蒂夫·喬布斯，別名蘋果教父，在1955年2月24日出生于美國加州舊金山市，于2011年10月5日逝世。他畢業(yè)于家園高中。他是一位發(fā)明家，企業(yè)家，蘋果前行政總裁，代表作品有iPod、iPhone、iPad等。他為人們的現(xiàn)代通訊、娛樂乃至生活方式的改變作出了重要貢獻。他引領(lǐng)全球資訊科技和電子產(chǎn)品的潮流，讓曾經(jīng)昂貴稀罕的電子產(chǎn)品變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)代人生活的一部分。1．defeatvt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫；n.失敗→defeat/________＋人/隊擊敗、戰(zhàn)勝某人/隊2．expertadj.熟練的；經(jīng)驗知識豐富的；n.專家；行家→beexpert________sth.對……在行，在……方面是行家Ⅰ.詞匯與拓展beatat/in3．a(chǎn)ttendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參加→attend(________)sb.伺候，照顧某人→attend________sth./sb.致力于，專心于；處理4．curen．治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治療→curesb.______...治好某人的病；矯正某人的不良行為5．challengen．挑戰(zhàn)；vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→challengesb.________sth.向某人挑戰(zhàn)某事on/upontoofto6．a(chǎn)bsorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心→beabsorbed______...專心于……7．suspectvt.懷疑；認為；n.嫌疑犯；被懷疑者→suspectsb.________(doing)sth.懷疑某人做了某事8．contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助→contribute________...有助于，促使；是……原因之一；投稿inofto9．________adj.積極的；肯定的；確實的→negativeadj.消極的；否定的10．enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→beenthusiastic________對……熱情，熱心11．cautiousadj.小心的；謹慎的→becautious________...對……小心、謹慎12．________vi.&vt.(spun，spun)(使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡(線/紗)positiveaboutaboutspin1．characteristicn．特征；特性→________n．品質(zhì)，性格；特點，特性；人物，角色；文字2．scientificadj.科學(xué)的→________n．科學(xué)家3．concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出→___________n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束4．a(chǎn)nalysevt.分析→________n．分析characterscientistconclusionanalysis5．enquiryn．詢問→________vt.詢問，打聽6．severeadj.嚴重的；劇烈的；嚴厲的→________adv.嚴重地；嚴厲地7．pollutevt.污染；弄臟→________n．污染8．________n．柄，把手；vt.處理；操縱9．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣布；通告→______________n．通告，布告；宣布enquireseverelypollutionhandleannouncement10．instructvt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)→__________n．指示，命令；教導(dǎo)；(pl.)用法說明，操作指南→____________adj.富有教益的11．constructvt.建設(shè)；修建→____________n．建設(shè)；建筑物12．movementn．移動；運動；動作→________v．移動；前進；進步；搬家/遷instructioninstructiveconstructionmoveFromthescientific

analysis，theexpertswhoattendthemeetingconcludethatitisreallyachallengetocuretheseinfectedpatients.Theyannouncetheywillbepositiveandenthusiasticaboutmakingcontributionstoit.【活學(xué)活用】根據(jù)句意用框中所給詞的適當形式填空absorb，blame，contribute，reject，attend，handle，expose，physician，challenge，conclude1．Inrecentyears，China__________toover10%oftheworldeconomicgrowth.2．Thedebatedidnotcometoa__________untilmidnight.3．Mr.Smithisa__________inthehospital.4．Wemustsendforanengineer__________theproblem.5．Shedoesn'twantto__________herselftothepublic，becausesheisashygirl.6．Shehastwonurses________onher.7．Iwant____________himtoagameofbasketball.8．WhenIentered，Ifoundmyfathersittinginthesofaand________inamagazine.9．Nooneknowswhois____________forthefire.10．Jimwas________byeverycollegeheappliedto.【答案】1.hascontributed2.conclusion3.physician4．tohandle5.expose6.attending7.tochallenge8．a(chǎn)bsorbed9.toblame10.rejected翻譯下列必背短語1．提出_______________2．得出結(jié)論_______________3．使顯露；暴露_______________4．將……和……聯(lián)系連接起來_______________5．除……之外；此外_______________Ⅱ.短語與運用putforwarddrawaconclusionexpose...tolink...to...apartfrom6．講得通；有意義_______________7．調(diào)查；研究_______________8．有時_______________9．反對_______________10．對……嚴格的_______________makesenselookintoattimesbeagainst(be)strictwith【活學(xué)活用】根據(jù)括號里的解釋，用恰當?shù)亩陶Z完成下列句子。1．Aworkingpartyhasbeensetupto__________theproblem.(investigateorexamine)2．Atyesterday'smeeting，he______________aproposalbutwasrefusedbyallbecauseitwasnotpractical.(suggestsomethingfordiscussion)3．Itdoesn't______________tobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.(besensible)4．Youaresillyto____________hisfamilylifebecauseitisnoneofyourbusiness.(beinterestedin)5．____________hisnose，he'squitegood-looking.(exceptfor)【答案】1.lookinto2.putforward3.makesense4．becuriousabout5.Apartfromattendschool/class/church上學(xué)/上課/做禮拜attendon/uponsb.伺候某人；照顧某人attendto處理；傾聽；照料；專心1．a(chǎn)ttend

v．出席；參加；處理，對付；照料，護理ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.這是自從我來到這所學(xué)校以來所聽過的最有教育意義的講座。用適當?shù)慕樵~填空(1)Thepatientsarewellattended__________inthehospital.(2)Youmustattend__________yourwork.【答案】(1)on/upon(2)tocuresb.of...消除……；治愈……acurefor...針對……的治療2．cure

v．治愈，治好；改正；n.治療；療程；措施，對策Roboticvehiclescouldhelptocurebraininjuries.利用機器人可以幫助治愈腦損傷。單句改錯(1)Hetriedtocurethechildrenfrombadhabits.(2)Attemptstocuringpollutionhavesofarfailed.【答案】(1)from改為of(2)curing改為cureabsorbone'sattention吸引某人的注意力beabsorbedin全神貫注于beabsorbedby/into被……吞并/吸引Alcoholmaytakeafewminutestobe3．a(chǎn)bsorb

v．吸收；使并入；理解absorbedintothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrain.幾分鐘后酒精被吸收到血液中然后開始對大腦產(chǎn)生作用。用適當?shù)慕樵~填空(1)Sheistotallyabsorbed________thebook.(2)Thesurroundingvillageshavebeenabsorbed________thegrowingcity.【答案】(1)in(2)by/into思考題表示“全神貫注”的常見短語還有______________________________________________________________________【答案】belostin,beburiedin,fix/focusone'sattentionon,devote...to,concentrateone'smindon,applyoneselfto,beaddictedto等。blamesb.for...因……而指責某人；把……歸咎于某人blamesth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人4．blame

v．把……歸咎于；指責；n.責任；指責Whoistoblamehere？這兒該由誰承擔責任？betoblame(for)應(yīng)承擔責任；該受責備(主動形式表被動意義)put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.把某事的責任推到某人身上單句改錯(1)Youarenottobeblameforwhathappened.(2)Thedriverkepttryingtoputblameonme.【答案】(1)tobe去掉be(2)在blame前加the完成句子Hewas(3)________________(因……被責備)theaccident，buthe(4)_________________(把它歸咎于)others.Infact，itishe，notothersthat(5)____________________(該為此承擔責任)it.【答案】(3)blamedfor(4)blamediton(5)istoblameforcontribute...to...把……貢獻給……contributeto(＝resultin/leadto)有助于；導(dǎo)致；把時間投入……contributionn．貢獻；捐款makeacontribution/contributionsto對……作出貢獻5．contribute

v．捐獻；捐助；是……的原因之一；投稿Shecontributedtosavingthewounded.她為挽救傷員而做出了貢獻。完成句子(1)Variousfactors_________hisdownfall.各種因素導(dǎo)致了他的垮臺。用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空(2)Wouldyouliketomakea___________________(contribute)tothehospitalbuildingfund?【答案】(1)contributedto(2)contributionput________節(jié)??；儲蓄；儲存putaway放好；積蓄putback放回；撥回putdown記下；鎮(zhèn)壓putoff延期；推遲6．putforward提出(建議)；推薦；將……提前Youcouldalwaysputthedecisionoffalittlebitlonger.你把決定向后推遲一點點，總是可以的。用put短語的適當形式填空(1)We_________thetoolsbeforeweleave.(2)Thedoctorshelpedto______________theinfluenzaepidemic(流感)．(3)Never__________untiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.(4)Thetheory_________bythescientistsisreasonable.【答案】aside(1)putaway(2)putdown(3)putoff(4)putforward思考題其他與put相關(guān)的短語：________穿上/__________熄滅/________舉起；張貼/__________接通電話/__________輸入【答案】puton；putout；putup；putthrough；oexposesth./sb./oneself(tosth.)使某事/某人/自己暴露、顯露exposesb.________sth.讓某人接觸某物beexposedto經(jīng)受……7．expose...to使顯露；暴露注意exposesth./sb.to結(jié)構(gòu)中的to是介詞，后接名詞動名詞作賓語。WhenIreadthesedefinitions，Iamrepeatedlyexposedtothebasicwordsandlearnhowtheyareusedtoexplainobjectsandideas.每當讀這些釋義時，我一遍又一遍地接觸到基礎(chǔ)單詞，并且學(xué)會了如何用它們來解釋一些物體和觀點。完成句子(1)Wewantto________thekids________asmuchartaspossible.我們想讓孩子們受到盡可能多的藝術(shù)的熏陶。(2)Ithreatenedto________him________thepolice.我威脅要向警察檢舉他?！敬鸢浮縯o(1)expose；to(2)expose；toinadditionto除……之外(還有)besides除……之外(還)but/except除……之外(都)exceptfor除……之外(表細節(jié)上的修正)aswellas又，也；除……之外8．a(chǎn)partfrom排除，除了……外Apartfrom/Besides/Inadditiontothecost，thedressdoesn'tsuitme.姑且不論價格，這件衣服不適合我。單句改錯Apartfromeat，whatelsedidyoudothere?【答案】eat改為eating9．makesense講得通；有意義；合乎情理makesenseof弄懂……的意思；理解inasense在某種意義上；在某種程度上innosense決不There'sno/littlesense________doingsth.做某事沒有意義ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthings，expressedideas，andmadesenseoftheworld.是語言幫助塑造了我看事物、表達想法和理解這個世界的方式。完成句子(1)Whydidshedoathinglikethat？Itdoesn'tseemto________________(有意義)．(2)Doyouhave___________________________________(好的方向感)?【答案】in(1)makesense(2)agoodsenseofdirection1．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.因此每次暴發(fā)(霍亂)時，就有大批驚恐的人死去。句式提?。好~詞組everytime充當連詞的時間狀語從句，意為“每當……”，相當于when。句式仿寫他每次去看她都給她帶花。___________________________________【答案】Hebringsherflowerseverytimehegoestoseeher.2．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。句式提?。簅nly修飾副詞、介詞短語狀語從句，放在句首時，句子要部分倒裝，即把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞系動詞be放在主語之前。單句改錯OnlyafteryoutoldmeIknowthetruth.【答案】在I前加didTopreventthisfromhappeningagain，JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。分析：suggest＋that從句＋虛擬語氣(1)suggest作“建議”講時，其后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。(2)suggest(sb./sb.'s)doingsth.(建議)suggeststh.(tosb.)Itissuggestedthatsb.(should)dosth.(3)suggest作“暗示，表明”講時，引導(dǎo)的從句用陳述語氣，其主語常指物。(4)suggest后不可接雙賓語，間接賓語多由介詞to引出，即suggeststh.tosb.“向某人建議某事”。ItbeganwhenateachersuggestedItryoutforthebasketballteam.事情始于當一位老師建議我參加籃球隊的選拔的時候。句子翻譯IbelievethatifIhadcriticizedhim，thegatethatwasslowlyopeningwouldhaveshutfirmlyclosed.(2014湖北)___________________________________【答案】我認為如果我之前批評他，剛剛慢慢打開的門會堅定地被關(guān)上。Ⅰ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ayoungmanandanoldmanwerewaitingforabus.Theysatnexttoeachother.“What'sthatinyourbag？”askedtheyoungman,1.________(point)toabigbagbesidetheoldman.“Gold.Therewasnothingbutgold，”answeredtheoldman.Theyoungmancouldnotbelievehisownearsandwas2.________greatsurprise.Thenhebegantothinkabouthowtogetthemoney.Theoldmanwasverytiredanditseemedthathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopen.Afterawhiletheoldman3.________(lie)downonthechairandfellasleep.Theyoungmantook4.________bigbaggentlyandquietly.Butwhenhewasjustabouttorunaway，hefoundacornerofhisfurcoatwasundertheoldman'sbody.Severaltimeshetried5.________(pull)itout，butinvain.Atlasthetookoffhiscoat，thinkingthatthegoldinthebagmustcostfar6.________(much)thanhisfurcoat.Worriedbut7.________(delight)，theyoungmanranoutofthestationasquicklyashislegscouldcarryhim，untilhereachedaplace8.________hethoughttheoldmancouldn'tfindhim.Hestoppedandquicklyopenedthebagbuthejustfoundagreatmanyofsmall9.________(stone)init.Thenheranbacktothestation10.________(hurry)onlytofindthattheoldmanwasgone.【答案與解析】1.pointing【解析】考查狀語從句。現(xiàn)在分詞pointing作伴隨狀語。2．in【解析】考查介詞。根據(jù)固定搭配insurprise可知。3．lay【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的謂語動詞fell及并列連詞and可知此空用一般過去時。4．the【解析】考查冠詞。因前面已出現(xiàn)過abigbag，再次出現(xiàn)表特指。5.topull【解析】考查動詞不定式。trytodosth.“試圖做某事”。6.more【解析】考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)far和than可判斷此處應(yīng)使用比較級，故填more。farmorethan“遠遠超過……”。7．delighted【解析】考查形容詞。根據(jù)并列連詞but前面的Worried可知此空填形容詞。8．where【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)前面先行詞aplace，而后面從句中缺地點狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where。9.stones【解析】agreatmanyof修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填stone的復(fù)數(shù)形式stones。10．hurriedly【解析】考查副詞。修飾動詞ran要用副詞，故用hurriedly。Ⅱ.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ifyouwanttolearnanewlanguage,theveryfirstthingtothinkaboutiswhy.Doyouneeditfora__1__reason,suchasyourjoboryourstudies？__2__perhapsyou'reinterestedinthe__3__，filmsormusicofadifferentcountryandyouknowhowmuchitwillhelptohavea__4__ofthelanguage.Mostpeoplelearnbestusingavarietyof__5__，buttraditionalclassesareanideal(理想的)startformanypeople.They__6__anenvironmentwhereyoucanpracticeunderthe__7__ofsomeonewho'sgoodatthelanguage.Wealllead__8__livesandlearningalanguagetakes__9__.Youwillhavemoresuccessifyoustudyregularly,sotrytodevelopa__10__.Itdoesn'tmatterifyouhaven'tgotlong.Becomingfluentinalanguagewilltakeyears,butlearningtogetbytakes__11__.Manypeoplestartlearningalanguageandsoongiveup.“I'mtoo__12__，”theysay.Yes,childrendolearnlanguagesmore__13__thanadults,butresearchhasshownthatyoucanlearnalanguageatany__14__.Andlearningisgoodforthehealthofyourbrain,too.I'vealsoheardpeople__15__aboutthemistakestheymakewhen__16__.Well,relaxandlaughaboutyourmistakes__17__you'remuchlesslikelytomakethemagain.Learninganewlanguageisnever__18__.Butwithsomeworkanddevotion,you'llmakeprogress.Andyou'llbe__19__bythepositivereactionofsomepeoplewhenyousayjustafewwordsin__20__ownlanguage.Goodluck!(2013安徽卷)1．A．technical B．politicalC．practical D．physical2．A．After B．SoC．Though D．Or3．A．literature B．transportC．a(chǎn)griculture D．medicine4．A．view B．knowledgeC．form D．database5．A．paintings B．regulationsC．methods D．computers6．A．protect B．changeC．respect D．provide7．A．control B．commandC．guidance D．pressure8．A．busy B．happyC．simple D．normal9．A．courage B．timeC．energy D．place10．A．theory B．businessC．routine D．project11．A．somerisks B．a(chǎn)lotlessC．somenotes D．a(chǎn)lotmore12．A．old B．nervousC．weak D．tired13．A．closely B．quicklyC．privately D．quietly14．A．a(chǎn)ge B．speedC．distance D．school15．A．worry B．hesitateC．think D．quarrel16．A．singing B．workingC．bargaining D．learning17．A．if B．a(chǎn)ndC．but D．before18．A．tiresome B．hardC．interesting D．easy19．A．blamed B．a(chǎn)mazedC．interrupted D．informed20．A．their B．hisC．our D．your【答案與解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇關(guān)于學(xué)習新語言的議論文。首先要搞清楚學(xué)習的原因；然后談到定期學(xué)習更容易成功，貴在堅持，不要怕犯錯誤，多努力，一定會取得進步的。1．C【解析】根據(jù)下文“suchasyourjoboryourstudies”可知是實用的(practical)理由。其余三選項分別意為：技術(shù)的；政治的；身體的，物理的。2．D【解析】此句與前句同為第一句所提到的關(guān)于學(xué)習一種新語言的原因，兩者之間為選擇關(guān)系，故選Or。3．A【解析】四個選項中，與語言學(xué)習關(guān)系最密切，且能和films和music并列的，就是A選項literature(文學(xué))。其余三個選項分別意為：交通；農(nóng)業(yè)；醫(yī)藥。4．B【解析】haveagoodknowledgeofsomething意為：精通，掌握，對……很熟悉。5．C【解析】句意：大部分人通過各種各樣的方法(methods)學(xué)得最好，但是傳統(tǒng)課堂對許多人來說是個理想的開始。6．D【解析】傳統(tǒng)的課堂提供(provide)一個環(huán)境，在其中你可以在某個擅長于這種語言的人的指導(dǎo)(guidance)下練習。前三個選項分別意為：保護；改變；尊重，均不符合語境。7．C【解析】參見上題解析。其余三個選項分別意為：控制；命令；壓力，均不符合語境。8．A【解析】我們都過著忙碌的(busy)生活并且學(xué)習一門語言需要時間。其余三個選項分別意為：快樂的；簡單的；正常的，均不符合語境。9．B【解析】學(xué)習一門語言當然需要花費時間(time)。其余三項和take搭配分別意為：鼓起勇氣；消耗能量；發(fā)生。10．C【解析】前面有“regularly(定期地)”，可知選routine(常規(guī)，慣例)。11．B【解析】根據(jù)前面的takeyears(花很多年時間)和but(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)，可知選alotless(花的時間少得多)。12．A【解析】根據(jù)下文的“Yes,childrendolearnlanguagesmore__13__thanadults”可知，有些人覺得自己太老(old)了。其余三項分別意為：緊張的；虛弱的；疲勞的，均不符合語境。13．B【解析】一般來說，小孩學(xué)習語言的確比成年人要快(quickly)。14．A【解析】前面說小孩學(xué)習語言的確比成年人要快，后面but轉(zhuǎn)折說研究表明你可以在任何年齡(age)學(xué)習語言。其余三個選項分別為：速度；距離；學(xué)校，均不符合題意。15．A【解析】下句出現(xiàn)了“Well,relaxandlaugh”，可知人們擔心(worryabout)他們犯的錯誤。16．D【解析】前面反復(fù)出現(xiàn)learn、learning，可知此處選D。其余三個選項分別意為：唱歌；工作；討價還價，均不符合語境。17．B【解析】考查固定句型：祈使句＋and...。句意：放松并自我解嘲一下自己的錯誤，這樣你就不太可能再次犯這些錯誤。兩句間為順承關(guān)系。18．D【解析】根據(jù)下文“Butwithsomeworkanddevotion,you'llmakeprogress”可知，學(xué)習一門新的語言從來都不容易(easy)。其余三項分別意為：令人厭煩的；困難的，努力的，堅硬的；有趣的，均不符合題意。19．B【解析】根據(jù)后面的“thepositivereactionofsomepeoplewhenyousayjustafewwords”可知，你只說幾句話，人們就會有積極的反應(yīng)，因此會amazed(驚奇的)。其余三項分別意為：被責備；被打斷；被告知，均不符合題意。20．A【解析】前面說“thepositivereactionofsomepeople”，可知是說一些他們(their)自己的語言的詞匯。Ⅲ.閱讀理解推理判斷技巧如何推斷后續(xù)內(nèi)容推斷文章后續(xù)內(nèi)容是要求考生根據(jù)語篇結(jié)構(gòu)或行文邏輯對文中沒有明說的內(nèi)容進行合理推測，包括推斷某一事件可能的結(jié)局、下一部分可能涉及的內(nèi)容、文中人物下一步可能要做的事情等。這類題常見的設(shè)問方式有：(1)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe________.(2)Whichofthefollowingstatementwillbestcontinuethefirst/second/thirdparagraph?(3)Whichofthefollowingwouldbestcompletethepassage?(4)Whatwillthewriterprobablytalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?【技巧點撥】1．把握作者的寫作思路。文章可能按照事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來敘述，據(jù)此可以對文章的后續(xù)內(nèi)容作出比較科學(xué)、合理的推測。2．把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，注意最后一段，特別留意最后幾句話?！净顚W(xué)活用】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。Didyougetaflushotthisyear?Forthefirsttime，theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionintheUSisrecommendingthatallchildrenagedfrom6monthsto18yearsreceivethefluvaccine.Vaccinesbattlediseasescausedbybacteriaandviruses.Aweakenedformofthegerm(病菌)isintroducedintothebody.Thebodymakesspecialsubstancescalledantibodies(抗體)tofightthegerms.Iftheactualgermsweretoattack，theantibodieswouldfight.Becausetherearemanykindsoffluviruses，scientistsmustcreateanewvaccineformula(處方)eachyear.Researchersmustmakeaprediction.Itislikeforecastingtheweather.Sometimestheyarerighton，andsometimestheyareoff.Butevenwhenthevaccinedoesnotcloselymatchcirculatingflutypes，itcanmaketheillnesslessserious.“Thefluvaccineisnotaseffectiveasthepolio(小兒麻痹癥)vaccineorthemeaslesvaccine，”saysDr.WilliamSchaffnerofVanderbiltUniversitySchoolofMedicine.“It'snotagreatvaccine，butitisinfactquiteagoodvaccine.”Butafluvaccinedoesn'tworkforeveryone.Therearecertainpeoplewhoshouldbecarefulabouttakingit，becausethevaccineisproducedineggs.Thosewhoareallergic(過敏的)toeggsshouldnottakeit.Ifyouhaveafever，youshouldwaituntilyourecover.Somepeopleareafraidthattheymightgettheflufromtheflushot.Scientistssaythatitisnotpossible，becausethevirusesintheflushotareinactivated.Butsomeminorsideeffectssuchaslow-gradefeverandbodyachecouldoccur.Iftheydo，theybeginsoonaftertheshotandusuallylastonlyoneortwodays.Didyouknow?Smallpoxwasthefirstdiseasepeopletriedtopreventbyputtingavirusintoahealthyperson.In1796，EnglishscientistEdwardJennerplacedsomeinfectedmaterialunderaboy'sskin.1．Theunderlinedword“vaccine”refersto________.A．virususedforfightingagainstdiseaseB．a(chǎn)ntibodytofightthegermsC．formulatofightagainstdiseaseD．germtobeinjectedintothebody2．Bysaying“It'snotagreatvaccine，butitisinfactquiteagoodvaccine.”(inPara.4)，WilliamSchaffnermeansthefluvaccine__________.A．isaseffectiveasthepolioandthemeaslesvaccinesB．isworse，comparedwiththepolioandthemeaslesvaccinesC．doeshelptomakeillnesslessseriousD．isquitegoodbecauseitworksforeveryone3．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat__________.A．thosewhoarenotallergictoeggscantakethefluvaccineB．notallthefluvaccinesareeffectiveforeveryoneC．youshouldgotoadoctorifyouhaveafeveraftertakingthefluvaccineD．itispossiblethatsomepeoplemightgettheflufromtheflushot4．Whatwouldprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Becarefulabouttakingsmallpoxvaccine.B．Thesideeffectsofsmallpoxvaccine.C．Theoriginofthefluvaccine.D．Howthesmallpoxvaccineworkedontheboy.【答案與解析】1．D【解析】詞義猜測題。由第二段可知，一種形式受到弱化的病菌被注入體內(nèi)，人體就會產(chǎn)生抗體。病毒入侵時，抗體就能抗擊病毒，因而vaccine是一種注入人體的病菌。2．C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。WilliamSchaffner說流感疫苗不像小兒麻痹癥疫苗或麻疹疫苗那么有效，后又說它不是一個效果特別好的疫苗，但是效果還不錯，也就是說多多少少對疾病會有幫助。3．B【解析】推理判斷題。文章第三段說流感疫苗就像天氣預(yù)報那樣，有的時候能對上正在流行的流感類型，有的時候則對不上。第五段第一句又說疫苗不是對每個人都管用，也就是說流感疫苗并不是對每個人都有效。4．D【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到英國科學(xué)家EdwardJenner為了研制天花疫苗，就把一些被感染了的組織注入一個男孩的皮膚下，那么下文必定要講到這個方法在男孩身上有沒有起到免疫作用。Ⅳ.七選五閱讀根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoImproveEyesightNaturallyEyesareimportantforeverybody.Youmusttakecareandtryeverythinginyourhandtokeepthemingoodcondition.Herearesomeofthetipstoimproveyoureyesightnaturally.__1__Strainisknowntobeafactorinmanyhealthconditionsandeyestrainisnoexception.Trymeditation,yogaorothermethodsofstressrelieftoimproveyourvisionandoverallhealth.Trypalming.Situprightinacomfortablechair.__2__Cupyourhandssothatthereisnopressureonyoureyes.Letyourfingersrestacrossyourforehead.Thereshouldbenolightenteringyoureyes.Palmingshouldbedoneforaperiodof5to10minutestostart.Palmingshouldberelaxing.Itmayhelptodopalminginadarkenedroom.Avoidsugarasmuchaspossible.__3__Itwillunpleasantlyaffectyoureyesight,whichaffectstheeyesbyproducingalargeramountofinsulin(胰島素)intheblood.Thereforeyoushouldn'tbehavingmuchfruitjuiceorsomethingthatcontainsalotofsugar.Exerciseyoureyes.Theonlyexercisemosteyesgetisthatdailyrubbingwegivethemwhenwe'retiredorsufferingfromeyestrain.Buteyeexercisesareactuallygoodforyoureyesandcanimproveyourvision.__4__Blinkasfastasyoucanforafewsecondsthencloseyoureyestightly,openandrepeat.Dothisexercise3to4timesdaily.Eathealthy.Youprobablyhearthatstatementallthetimebuteatingtherightfoodsarenecessarytogoodhealth.__5__Foodsthatarehighinfiber,vitaminC,Dandbetacaroteneaswellasothervitaminsandmineralscanhelpimproveyourvision.Hereareafewfoodsthatcanbebeneficialtogoodvision:carrots,eggs,blueberries,spinach,kale,grapes,andfreshgarlic.A．Reduceeyestrain.B．Keepyoureyesmoist.C．Sugarisyoureyes'worstenemy.D．Giveyoureyesaworkoutwiththefollowingexercise.E．Youmaynotbeawarethatyourdietaffectsyourvisionbutitdoes.F．Closeeyesandcoverthemwiththepalmsofyourhands.G．Besuretogetplentyofsleepsoyoureyesdon'tstraintostayopenduringtheday.(山西省2015屆高三第二次聯(lián)考)【答案與解析】1．A【解析】抓住本段關(guān)鍵詞eyestrain。2．F【解析】抓住小標題Trypalming和thepalmsofyourhands。3．C【解析】抓住小標題Avoidsugarasmuchaspossible.4．D【解析】抓住關(guān)鍵詞exercise。5．E【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知飲食對視力有影響，而這一點人們可能沒有注意到。Ⅴ.寫作步步高(一)短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。Ihardlyremembermygrandmother.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.Sheisjustadistantmemoryformenow.Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.Hewastall,with