Nest+Energy：智能家居的力量

The

Power

ofthe

SmaFor

moreinformation

contacttheNest

EnergyTeam

at:Nest-Policy@OCTOBER

20221Unprecedented

Challenges

for

an

Aging

GridOur

nation’selectric

grid

is

facing

unprecedented

challenges,

withmany

states

across

theU.S.

increasingly

atrisk

formore

frequent

power

outages.1

A

variety

offactors

including

risingelectricity

usage

and

extreme

weather

events

haveincreased

stress

on

the

grid,

oftenresulting

in

outages

and

higher

costsforresidents.2

The

impact

ofthese

challenges

can

bestaggering,

bothfinancially

and

forthe

health

and

wellbeing

ofresidents.

The

United

StatesGovernment

Accountability

Office

recently

published

findings

thatthe

totalannual

cost

ofutility

outages

are

upwards

of$55

billion

and

thatthis

number,

ifunchecked,

could

rise

to$480

billion

per

yearby2080.3The

Growth

and

Potential

ofthe

SmaThere

is

a

simple

and

effective

way

tohelp

mitigatethese

costs.

Using

today’ssmart,connected,

technologies,

our

homes,

offices,

and

buildings

havethe

potential

towork

inharmony

withthe

electrical

grid

toautomatically

conserve,

shift

demand,

and

deploy

powerhow

and

where

it’sneeded—helping

us

maximize

our

existing

infrastructure

capability

andmaking

the

grid

more

reliable

and

resilient.

Connected

technologies

and

appliances

(bothinhomes

and

attached

tothe

grid)

thatenable

us

tomore

precisely,cheaply

and

effectivelyadjust

and

shift

the

demand,

supply,and

small-scale

electricity

generation

technologies

areknown

as

distributed

energy

resources

(DERs).Smart

thermostats,

electric

vehicles

(EVs)andEV

chargers,

rooftopsolar,and

battery

storage

are

all

examples

ofDERs

thatcan

be

found

inmillions

ofhomes

across

the

United

States

today.4OCTOBER

2022SUPPORTING

A

CLEAN

ENERGY

FUTURE

WITH

NEST

RENEW2However,despite

the

existence

and

increasing

adoption

ofthese

technologies,

manyhomeowners

don’t

haveaccess

toprograms

that

incentivizeand

enable

their

DERs

torespond

in

real

time

tothe

needs

ofthe

grid.

When

the

grid

experiences

high

demand

forelectricity,there

are

two

options

tokeep

the

lights

on:

1)increase

the

production

ofelectricityor

2)reduce

demand.

However,the

most

common

approaches

for

both

ofthese

options

arenotcapable

ofscaling

atthe

speed

and

magnitude

that

weneed

toensure

grid

reliability.To

increase

production,

utility

companies

havehistorically

maintained

a

network

of“peakerplants,”which

are

typically

fossil-fuelbased

power

plants.5

As

the

name

suggests,

theseplants

oftenonly

run

during

periods

ofpeak

energy

demand.

In

fact,

on

average,theyonlyrun

for

3%6

ofthe

year.

However,despite

their

limitedusage,

theystill

incuryear-roundmaintenance

and

capacity

costs,

which

are

paid

for

bycustomers.7

Furthermore,

peakerplants

are

typically

gas

or

oil

burning,

and

are

disproportionately

located

in

low-income

andminority

communities.8

Due

tothese

factors,

itwill

become

increasingly

difficult

tojustify

theconstruction

or

continued

use

ofmany

ofthese

plants.OCTOBER

2022SUPPORTING

A

CLEAN

ENERGY

FUTURE

WITH

NEST

RENEW3To

reduce

demand,

we

havehistorically

relied

on

blunt

tools

likeremotely

shutting

offhigh-demand

appliances

likeair

conditioners,

curtailing

commercial

or

industrial

load,

marketingcampaigns

asking

residents

toturn

offappliances

or

shift

their

usage

or

in

extreme

cases,directed

power

outages.

While

these

tools

are

useful,

residential

DERs

can

enable

us

tomoreprecisely,cheaply

and

effectively

adjust

and

control

the

demand,

supply,and

generation

ofelectricity.Coordinating

such

a

meaningful

decrease

or

shift

in

electrical

demand

fora

shortamount

oftime

across

aggregations

ofDERs

is

known

as

“Demand

Response.”SmaE?cient

GridThe

deployment

ofconnected

devices

in

homes

and

buildings,

such

as

smart

thermostats,smart

waterheaters,

EV

chargers,

etc.,coupled

withdemand

response

programs

can

help

toautomatically

reduce

the

energy

demand

placed

on

the

grid.

Demand

response

programsshould

createchoice,

energy

efficiency

savings,

and

offerparticipating

customers

fairincentiveslikehardware

credits,

payments,

or

discounted

electrical

bills

forutility

programs,or

for

market-basedprograms,

direct

payments

tocompensate

customersforagreeing

toreduce

their

energy

use,

just

as

a

generator

would

be

paid

to

create

that

electricity,butwithout

the

additional

transmission

or

distribution

costs.

By

aggregating

these

shifts

across

aregion,

itis

possible

tosmooth

peak

load

demand

and

reduce

or

eveneliminate

the

need

forexpensive

and

rarely

used

peaker

power

plants.For

example,

during

the

height

of

summer,the

electrical

grid

oftenstrains

tomeet

the

lateafternoon

energy

demand

when

people

are

getting

home

fromwork

and

school

and

turningon

their

air

conditioning.9

As

such,

we’vehistorically

had

toturn

on

peaker

plants

orimplement

rolling

power

outages.10

Today,

smart

thermostats

can

coordinate

topre-coolsome

homes

or

automatically

adjust

temperature

settings

byafew

degrees.11

This

helps

morepeople

tostay

cool

and

comfortable

while

also

temporarily

reducing

the

demand

and

highstress

placed

on

the

grid

and

reducing

our

reliance

on

peaker

plants.OCTOBER

2022SUPPORTING

A

CLEAN

ENERGY

FUTURE

WITH

NEST

RENEW4FIG.

1Peakdemand

response"Eventcall"Visual

representation

ofhow

demand

shifts

ofdemand

response

events

can

maintain

comfort

while

reducing

overall

peak

demandMore

advanced

programs

provide

customer

choice

byallowing

them

toenroll

intoutility

orthird-party

programs,

responding

to

real-timegrid

conditions

automatically

making

slighttemporary

adjustments

totheir

settings

in

order

tohelp

decrease

or

shift

demand.Specifically,

these

demand

response

programs

enable

grid

operators

to

1)automatically

shiftor

reduce

demand

via

customer-enrolled

devices

(e.g.smart

thermostats)

fora

given

amountoftime

and

2)directly

incentivizeresidents

toparticipate.

"Nest

customers

who

participate

inthese

demand

response

programs

can

see

potentialshifts

ofup

to77%

of

AC

load

duringpeak

events,while

still

maintaining

comfort

and

control.”

12While

some

programs

limit

customer

adjustments

during

peak

events,Google

Nestcustomers

maintain

control.

Webelieve

this

improves

customer

satisfaction

andengagement,

and

it’sthe

right

thing

todo

forcustomers.OCTOBER

2022SUPPORTING

A

CLEAN

ENERGY

FUTURE

WITH

NEST

RENEW5The

Untapped

Potential

of

SmartThermostatsand

Residential

Demand

ResponseThe

best

part

is

thatthese

benefitsaren’ttheoretical.

In

fact,

Google

Nest

thermostatshavealready

helped

millions

ofresidents

around

the

world

to

save

over100

billion

kWh,

which

isenough

electricity

tolight

up

the

entireplanet

for10

days.13

However,despite

the

tremendouspromise

ofthese

programs,

the

nationfaces

two

primary

issues:

1)many

residents

still

don’thavesmart

appliances

such

as

smart

thermostats

installed

in

their

homes

and

2)mostcommunities

currently

do

not

offerdemand

response

programs

to

residents.14FIG.

22020U.S.

Households

with

Central

AC.Smart

Thermostats

and

Demand

ResponseData

is

based

on

2020

ElA

housing

data.

SEPA2019

Demand

Response

Market

adiusted

for

12%

YOY

growth

based

onFERC

2021

Assessment

ofDemand

Response

and

Advanced

MeteringOCTOBER

2022SUPPORTING

A

CLEAN

ENERGY

FUTURE

WITH

NEST

RENEW6Based

on

a

2019analysis

byThe

Brattle

Group,

planning

and

policies

could

unlock

roughly200GW

of

cost-effectiveload

flexibility

potential

by2030

withnearly

$15B

in

annual

benefits.For

context,

200

GW

ofcapacity

is

roughly

equivalent

tothe

peak

summer

capacity

fortheentire

state

of

Texasand

California

combined.15

The

majority

of

potentialis

in

new

emergingload

flexibility

programs,

which

will

be

enabled

primarily

bysmart

thermostats

and

Auto-DR—gateways

toaccessing

electrified

building

load.16

Smart

thermostats

alone

account

forapproximately

one

thirdof

thatvalue,

representing

an

incredible

opportunity

forimpact.

Andthough,

most

households

still

don’t

havesmart

thermostats,

simply

enrolling

all

ofthe

homesthatalready

had

them

installed

as

of

2020in

demand

response

programs

wecould

saveconsumers

money

and

deliver

nearly

10

GW

ofreliable,

carbon-free,consumer

savingcapacity17.

That

is

more

than

3,500

utility

scale

wind

turbines18,

or

the

electricity

demand

ofthe

entire

State

ofNew

Mexico,on

the

hottest

day

ofthe

year.19

Furthermore,

if

we

weretoequip

all

central

heating

and

cooling

homes

withsmart

thermostats

and

enroll

them

indemand

response

programs,

wecould

see

more

than

70

GW

ofadditional

peak

capacitypotential20,

nearly

the

entirepeak

capacity

ofCalifornia

on

the

hottest

day

ofthe

year.OCTOBER

2022SUPPORTING

A

CLEAN

ENERGY

FUTURE

WITH

NEST

RENEWBuilding

Consumer

Empowered

ProductsTo

begin

addressing

this

issue,

in

October

of2021,

Google

unveiled

Nest

Renew,which

is

aservice

forcompatible

Nest

thermostats

thatmakes

iteasierforcustomers

toenroll

inexisting

demand

response

programs

tosupport

peak

load

reduction.

But

weneed

todomore.

DERs

will

continue

to

proliferateacross

the

U.S.,

withthe

marketforthese

enablingtechnologies

forecasted

to

grow

to

$110billion

by2025.21

As

the

number

ofsmart

andconnected

devices

in

the

home

continues

toincrease,

there

is

a

tremendous

opportunity

forstates,

grid

operators

and

utilitiestoenable

policies

thathelp

reduce

customer

bills

andprovide

load

flexibility

and

reliability

services.

To

mitigatethe

threatof

futuregrid

failures

atthe

lowest

cost

possible,

wemust

develop

pathways

toempower

these

households

toparticipate

in

grid

services

thatwill

improvethe

reliability

ofthe

grid.

By

shifting

our

focustounlocking

the

full

value

in

these

existing

technologies

wecan

reduce

the

need

to

investin

andcontinue

supporting

high-cost,

low-utilizationinfrastructure

projects

thatproduce

only

3%ofthe

yearand

get

more

out

ofour

existing

transmission

wires.

Furthermore,wecan

empowercustomers

withtools

torespond

tohigh

energy

demand

periods,

save

energy,reduce

stresson

the

grid

and

reduce

costs.Policies

To

Support

Consumer

EmpowermentPolicy

is

an

essential

tool

to

marketdevelopment

by

creatingthe

necessary

incentives

toincrease

consumer

awareness

ofthe

benefits

ofproducts

designed

tomanage

in-homeelectricity

and

gas

usage.

These

policies

include:Develop

rewarding

programs

that

maximize

participation

of

residential

demand-side

resourcesbyensuring

funding

for

energy

efficiency

programs,

expanding

residential

demand

responseprograms,

ensuring

that

customers

share

in

the

value,

and

streamlining

customer

participation.Match

residential

incentives,

programs,

and

rates

with

decarbonization

objectives

andhousehold

benefits

by

aligning

the

methodologies

for

cost-effectiveness

tests

with

grid

and

carbonbenefits,

expanding

dynamic

rates,

and

properly

valuing

the

entire

stack

of

services

residentialhouseholds

which

DERs

can

provide.Empower

customers

to

access

and

share

their

energy

data

through

standardized

sharingprocesses

that

are

minimally

burdensome

to

customers

and

their

chosen

energy

managementproviders

and

the

provision

of

real-time

pricing

and

emissions

data

accessible

to

customers

andauthorized

solution

providers.OCTOBER

2022SUPPORTING

A

CLEAN

ENERGY

FUTURE

WITH

NEST

RENEW8Characteristics

of

Foundational

Program

DesignPrograms

that

utilizeDER

technology

should

strivetoincorporate

these

policies

tounlock

thefull

benefit

toresidential

customers

and

the

grid.

An

ideal

program

wouldhave,

ata

minimum,the

following

characteristics:Up-front

incentives

to

customers

for

the

DER

technology

that

reflect

the

full

energy

efficiencyvalue

of

the

resource.

The

value

should

incorporate

the

forecasted

energy

reduction

over

the

lifeof

the

resource

and

the

avoided

cost

to

the

grid

of

not

needing

to

build

out

additionalinfrastructure.Ongoing

incentives

to

customers

for

participation

in

demand

response

programs.These

incentives

should

incorporate

the

capacity

value

that

the

resource

brings,

the

value

of

the

energyreduction

that

the

resource

provides

during

an

event,

deferred

costs

for

infrastructure

upgrades,

andavoided

costs

of

substantial

power

failures.Simple

customer

enrollment

processes.

Residential

customers

should

encounter

minimal

barriersto

purchase

a

subsidized

DER

or

sign

up

for

a

demand

response

program.

The

enrollment

processshould

not

require

hard-to-find

pieces

of

information

like

a

utility

account

number.

And,

when

acustomer

purchases

a

subsidized

DER,

they

should

have

the

option

to

pre-enroll

that

DER

into

aneligible

demand

response

program

at

the

point-of-sale.Cost-effectiveness

tests

that

consider

grid

and

carbon

benefits.

Cost-effectiveness

tests

shouldcapture

the

host

of

benefits

a

DER

can

provide,

such

as

avoided

costs

and

time-varying

emissionreductions.

A

program

that

is

able

to

avoid

the

build

out

of

costly

infrastructure

or

is

designed

toreduce

load

when

emissions

on

the

grid

are

at

the

highest

should

have

those

capabilities

properlyaccounted

for.Easy

pathways

to

deliver

customer

data

access

to

authorized

entities.

Customers

should

beable

to

share

their

energy

data

with

their

authorized

third

parties.

Access

to

this

data

will

enablecustomer-chosen

third

parties

to

coordinate

a

DER,

or

a

suite

of

DERs,

within

a

customer’shousehold

and

optimize

based

on

the

meter

data

on

the

customer’s

behalf.Trends

likethe

growing

marketforDERs

and

customers

seeking

ways

toreduce

their

energyconsumption

and

increase

their