2023年考研考博考博英語陜西師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案

2023年考研考博考博英語陜西師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.問題1選項(xiàng)A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced2.單選題Theywere______intheirscientificresearch,notknowingwhathappenedjustoutsidetheirlab.問題1選項(xiàng)A.submergedB.drownedC.immersedD.dipped3.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.“孩子是上天送給成人的天使；寵物是成人送給孩子的天使?！睂櫸锟梢猿蔀楹⒆雍芎玫幕锇椋核麄兣c孩子玩耍，同時(shí)也與孩子進(jìn)行著感情的交流。孩子可以對(duì)他們傾訴自己的心事，因?yàn)樗麄兪亲詈玫膬A訴者；孩子受到父母的訓(xùn)斥或別人的嘲笑時(shí)，這些默默無聞的聽者可以帶給他們關(guān)懷和安慰；孩子生病時(shí)，寵物可以陪伴他們，給他們撫慰和鼓勵(lì)幫助他們勇于面對(duì)困難，自強(qiáng)不息。4.單選題Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid5.單選題______dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.問題1選項(xiàng)A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However6.單選題Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguistics?2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?3.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?4.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconductedbecause______.5.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.B.Thesecondlanguage.C.Theforeignlanguage.D.Secondlanguageacquisition.問題2選項(xiàng)A.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,someforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.B.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,anyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.C.SLAresearchexaminesforeignlanguagelearning.D.SLAresearchexaminesfirstlanguagelearning.問題3選項(xiàng)A.AdditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframeworkB.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldnotbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.C.AdditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavebeentreateddifferentlyinsecondlanguageacquisitionframeworkD.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavenotbeentreatedindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework問題4選項(xiàng)A.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframeworkB.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework.C.learningathirdlanguageisnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.D.learningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage問題5選項(xiàng)A.InsideSLAB.OutsideSLAC.FutureofSLAD.ThethirdlanguageandSLA7.單選題Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.問題1選項(xiàng)A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful8.單選題ThereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjobstabilityinSouthKoreathegreatmobilityintheUnitedStates.問題1選項(xiàng)A.contrarytoB.inregardtoC.incontrasttoD.withrespectto9.單選題Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.問題1選項(xiàng)A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat10.單選題ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatherecommendsthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.Isuggestedthatthedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.Suchaprogramwouldnotonlyimproveteachingtheoryandtechnique,itwouldmakeclearwhatcompetenciesarerequiredofagoodteacherandhelpprofessorsattainthem.Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.Competenteducationalresearchisnomoreapart-timeactivitythancompetentscientificresearch.Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.Thereisnoreasontobelievethataneffectivetheoryandtechnologyofinstructionisanyeasiertoachievethancontrollednuclearfusion.Itiscertainlyeverybitasworthy.1.ProfessorKlinebelievesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversities（）.2.Theauthorwantstoimprove（）.3.Theauthorbelievesthatscientificresearch（）.4.Accordingtotheauthoreducationalresearch（）.5.Educationalresearchinmostuniversitiestoday（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.leadstotheestablishmentofseparateresearchinstitutesB.isharmfultoteachingC.functionswellintheuniversitiesD.isfinanciallyunsound問題2選項(xiàng)A.researchinstitutesB.developmentprogramsC.educationalresearchD.part-timeactivity問題3選項(xiàng)A.isnotnecessarilyeasierthaneducationalresearchB.hasstandardsthateducationalresearchcannotattainC.witheducationalresearchD.mustberelegatedtoapart-timeactivity問題4選項(xiàng)A.isrelativelyeasyB.isquitecomplexC.isoftentrivialD.shouldhavelowerstandards問題5選項(xiàng)A.receivesadequatesupportB.isnolongerapart-tomeactivityC.iseasytoachieveD.needsmorecommitment11.單選題ViolenceinAmericanfamiliestakesmanyforms.Oneprevalentformthatweoftenoverlookisthephysicalpunishmentofchildren.Perhaps93%ofallparentsbeattheirchildreninordertodisciplinethem.Youngchildrenreceivethemostpunishments,butstudiesrevealthatabout50%ofhighschoolseniorsreportexperiencingorbeingthreatenedwithphysicalpunishment.Punishmentofchildrenvariesformalighttaptobrutalbeating,buthistoricallywehavegrantedparentstherighttousephysicalforceagainsttheirchildren.Alawpassedin1696,forexample.Calledforthedeathpenaltyof“sufficientunderstanding”overtheageof16whocursedorstruckaparentwhowas“stubbornandrebellious”inrefusingtoobeyaparent.Frominterviewswith2134marriedcouplesconstitutingacross-sectionofAmericanfamilies,sociologistsestimateparentskick,punch,orbitesome1.7millionchildrenayear,beat460,000to750,000more,andattack46,000withgunsorknives.Physicalpunishmentofchildrenthatresultsininjuriesrequiringmedicaltreatmentisnowgenerallyconsideredtobeabusive.Mostpeopledonotrealize,however,thatitistheregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment,andtheculturalapprovalitenjoys,thatlaysthegroundworkforchildabuse.AccordingtoDavidGil,“inmostaccidentsofchildabusethecaretakersinvolvedare‘normal’individualsexercisingtheirrightofdiscipliningachildwhosebehaviortheyfoundinneedofcorrection.”Ifoneadultweretostrikeanother,mostpeoplewouldregardsuchbehaviorasabusive.Mostparentsusephysicalpunishmentinthebeliefthatitwillcontroltheaggressionintheirchildrenandmakethemobedient.Infact,violence—whetherverbalorphysical—setschildrenapoorexample.Anadultwhoyellsatorslapsachildunwittinglysupplythechildwithamodelforaggression.Studieshavefoundthatthefrequentuseofphysicalpunishmentforaggressiveactsbyachildresultsinamarkedincreaseinthechild’saggression.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,abusiveparentsarethemselveslikelytohavebeenabusedwhentheywerechildren.Thepatternofabuseisunwittinglytranslatedfromparenttochildandthusfromgenerationtogeneration.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?2.Theitalicizedword“it”inlineofthesecondparagraphrefersto（）.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?4.Thenumberofthechildrenbeingthreatenedbybeatingis（）.5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardphysicalpunishmentbyparents?問題1選項(xiàng)A.PunishmentwasoncejustifiedinAmericanlawB.MostoftheparentshaveusedphysicalpunishmenttodisciplinedisobedientchildreninAmerica.C.HighschoolstudentsrarelyreceivepunishmentfromtheirparentsD.ChildabuseisrootedinAmericanculture.問題2選項(xiàng)A.physicalpunishmentB.theculturalapprovalC.theregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishmentD.injuriesrequiringmedicaltreatment問題3選項(xiàng)A.Physicalpunishmentishelpfulforparentstocorrectchildren'sindecentbehaviorB.Parentswhousephysicalpunishmenttodisciplinetheirchildrenshouldbepunishedbythelaw.C.Achildwhoisseverelypunishedwillrevengetheabuseonhisownchildinlaterlife.D.Parentswhopunishchildrenphysicallyactuallysetbadexampleofaggressionfortheirchildren.問題4選項(xiàng)A.atleast2,143peryear.B.atmost750,000peryear.C.over46,000peryearD.about17,000,000peryear問題5選項(xiàng)A.disagreeingB.supportingC.understandingD.severelycritical12.單選題Superconductorsloseelectricalresistanceonly______subjectedtointensecold.問題1選項(xiàng)A.throughB.whenC.asD.by13.單選題Becareful;thispatient’sdiseaseis（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.congenialB.accessibleC.compulsoryD.contagious14.單選題Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto______theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousasreported.問題1選項(xiàng)A.decreaseB.subtractC.minimizeD.degrade15.單選題Heisnotaverycrediblelecturer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.well-knownB.religiousC.ordinaryD.believable16.單選題Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.GreatbreakthroughsB.UnlimitedpurchasingpowerC.Scienceandcompetition.D.Internationalcompetition.問題2選項(xiàng)A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstoworkB.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessingD.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod問題3選項(xiàng)A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocessesB.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccountingC.wasthefatherofmodemcomputersD.triedascientificmanagementapproach問題4選項(xiàng)A.scientificandhumanB.efficientbutslave-drivingC.academicbutpracticableD.brutalbuthighlysuccessful問題5選項(xiàng)A.purchasedasteelmillB.soldasteelmillC.startedtoprotectenvironmentD.leftahugeschooloffollowers.17.單選題Afterlisteningtothetestimony,themembersofthejurydeliveredtheirverdict.問題1選項(xiàng)A.decisionB.sentenceC.prosecutionD.mandate18.單選題OurhospitalhasanaffiliationwiththemedicalschooloftheCityUniversity.問題1選項(xiàng)A.organizationB.administrationC.connectionD.cooperation19.單選題Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.問題1選項(xiàng)A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt20.單選題Teenagelethargyisoftenduetolackofpropernutrients.問題1選項(xiàng)A.sluggishnessB.enthusiasmC.boredomD.energeticness第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)initiate“開始，發(fā)起”，一般指活動(dòng)，團(tuán)體的產(chǎn)生；B選項(xiàng)originate“起源于，來自，產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)embark“上船，裝船，從事”，后面常接介詞on/upon；D選項(xiàng)commence“開始”，指重大事件及歷史時(shí)期的開始。根據(jù)TheSpaceAge（太空時(shí)代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一顆人造衛(wèi)星）可知是一件重大事件，因此選D。句意：太空時(shí)代始于1957年10月，當(dāng)時(shí)蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。2.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)submerge“淹沒”；B選項(xiàng)drown“淹沒，溺死”；C選項(xiàng)immerse“使浸沒于，(使)深陷于，沉浸在”；D選項(xiàng)dip“浸，(使)下降，下沉”。beimmersedin為固定搭配，表示“專心(埋頭)于……”。句意：他們沉浸在科學(xué)研究中，不知道實(shí)驗(yàn)室外發(fā)生了什么。3.【答案】Childrenaretheangelsofadultsgivenbygod;petsaretheangelsofchildrengivenbyadults.Petscanbechildren'sgoodfriends.Theyplaywithchildren,aswellasexchangeemotionalfeelingswiththematthesametime.Childrencantelltheirownworriestopetsfortheyarethebestaudient.Whenchildrenarerebukedbyparentsorlaughedatbyothers,thesesilentlistenerscanbringthemcareandcomfort.Petscankeepchildrencompanywhentheyareill,givingthemcomfortandencouragingthemtofacedifficultiesandconstantlystrivingtobecomestronger.4.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inadequate“不足夠的，不充分的”；B選項(xiàng)incapable“無能力的，不能的”；C選項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的”；D選項(xiàng)invalid“無效的”。根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)及題干的意思可知A選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：一天五美元的預(yù)算完全不足以作一次歐洲之旅。5.【答案】D【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)不能倒裝；whatever后面常跟名詞；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：形容詞/副詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞+as+主語+謂語；however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，后面跟形容詞或副詞。句意：不管他有多遲鈍，他無疑是一位非常成功的高管。6.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.（第二語言和外語學(xué)習(xí)之間的區(qū)別在于第二語言習(xí)得領(lǐng)域可能導(dǎo)致困惑，第二語言習(xí)得是應(yīng)用語言學(xué)的一個(gè)分支學(xué)科，旨在了解人們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)第二語言以及影響他們語言學(xué)習(xí)的因素）可知選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.（第二語習(xí)得研究不僅研究第二語言學(xué)習(xí)，而且也研究任何外語、第三或第四語言學(xué)習(xí)）可知選B。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.（由于語言學(xué)習(xí)的復(fù)雜性，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)第二語習(xí)得著作通常把在同樣的第二語言習(xí)得框架里討論第二語言和外語學(xué)習(xí)）可知D選項(xiàng)“第二語言和外語學(xué)習(xí)一直沒有在不同的的第二語言習(xí)得框架里討論”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.（當(dāng)然，我們知道學(xué)習(xí)第三語言并不一定等同于學(xué)習(xí)第二語言）可知D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)第三語言不一定等于學(xué)習(xí)第二語言”符合題意。5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了第二語言習(xí)得（SLA）研究的內(nèi)容與目的，根據(jù)文章最后一句Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.（隨著研究的深入，第三語言或第四語言習(xí)得的理論框架將逐漸形成）可知C選項(xiàng)“第二語言習(xí)得的未來”符合題意。7.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)的”；B選項(xiàng)thrifty“節(jié)儉的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C選項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)省的，節(jié)儉的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D選項(xiàng)careful“小心地，仔細(xì)地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“當(dāng)心，注意”。根據(jù)Althoughhehasbecomerich與of可知選C。句意：雖然他變得富有了，但他仍然很節(jié)儉。8.【答案】C【解析】短語搭配題。A選項(xiàng)contraryto與…相反，違反；B選項(xiàng)inregardto關(guān)于；C選項(xiàng)incontrastto與……形成對(duì)比；D選項(xiàng)withrespectto關(guān)于，至于。句意：與美國巨大的流動(dòng)性相比，朝鮮在好工作上的穩(wěn)定性有幾種可能的解釋。根據(jù)句意和搭配，正確答案為C項(xiàng)。9.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)hindrancen.障礙，妨礙；Bmisfortunen.不幸，災(zāi)禍，災(zāi)難；C選項(xiàng)catastrophen.大災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍；D選項(xiàng)threaten.威脅，恐嚇。句意：人口的增長(zhǎng)是對(duì)地球上非人類生物生存的威脅。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:B第4題:B第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.，可知，ProfessorKline認(rèn)為研究成果的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)對(duì)教育產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的影響，從而降低教學(xué)質(zhì)量，即對(duì)教學(xué)有不利影響。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文…thedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.以及Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch…可知，作者認(rèn)為必須提高educationalresearch的地位，要把educationalresearch和scientificresearch放在同等重要的位置共謀發(fā)展。A選項(xiàng)researchinstitutes一直就是學(xué)校比較重視的方面；B選項(xiàng)并未在文中單獨(dú)說明；D選項(xiàng)也不是側(cè)重點(diǎn)。因此，C項(xiàng)符合原文，為正確答案。3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由原文Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.可知，作者認(rèn)為教育研究應(yīng)該與科學(xué)研究有一樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但是如果沒有同等的投入和支持，無法實(shí)現(xiàn)這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此，B項(xiàng)認(rèn)為“科學(xué)研究的有些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，教育研究無法實(shí)現(xiàn)”是正確答案。故本題選擇B項(xiàng)。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.可知，作者認(rèn)為教育研究并不簡(jiǎn)單，難度不亞于解開人類思維的復(fù)雜性。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過原文Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.可知，如今在大學(xué)中，教育研究需要更多的承諾，教授們有責(zé)任促進(jìn)教學(xué)科研水平的提高，而不是減少這類研究。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。11.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:D第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段“...butstudiesrevealthatabout50%ofhighschoolseniorsreportexperiencingorbeingthreatenedwithphysicalpunishment.”可知，研究表明，大約50%的高中生聲稱遭受體罰或者受到體罰的威脅。因此，C項(xiàng)“髙中生很少遭受父母的體罰”表述錯(cuò)誤，其它選項(xiàng)都可在原文中找到出處。故本題答案為C項(xiàng)。2.詞匯題。將it定位到原文第二段Mostpeopledonotrealize,however,thatitistheregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment,andtheculturalapprovalitenjoys,thatlaysthegroundworkforchildabuse.中分析可知，然而大部分人沒有意識(shí)到，正是因?yàn)椤捌胀ā斌w罰的經(jīng)常使用以及它所享有的文化認(rèn)可，才會(huì)為虐待孩子打下基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it指代的是theregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment。因此，正確答案是C項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Mostparentsusephysicalpunishmentinthebeliefthatitwillcontroltheaggressionintheirchildrenandmakethemobedient.Infact,violence----whetherverbalorphysical—setschildrenapoorexample.Anadultwhoyellsatorslapsachildunwittinglysupplythechildwithamodelforaggression.Studieshavefoundthatthefrequentuseofphysicalpunishmentforaggressiveactsbyachildresultsinamarkedincreaseinthechild’saggression.”可知，大多數(shù)父母采取體罰，是認(rèn)為體罰會(huì)控制孩子的攻擊行為并使孩子聽話，但事實(shí)上，無論是言語還是肢體暴力，都會(huì)給孩子建立不好的榜樣。那些大喊大叫或者打孩子的成年人會(huì)不自覺地為孩子提供侵略性（攻擊性）的模板。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常因?yàn)楹⒆拥墓粜孕袨槎w罰孩子，反而會(huì)激化孩子的攻擊行為。因此可判斷A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D項(xiàng)正確。原文中并未體現(xiàn)B項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該受到法律懲罰”這一觀點(diǎn)；也未說明受過虐待的父母會(huì)在晚年會(huì)報(bào)復(fù)虐待自己的孩子，他們只是會(huì)不自覺地影響到下一代的教育方式，故排除C。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第—段“Frominterviewswith2134marriedcouples...beat460,000to750,000more,...”可知，受到毆打威脅的孩子數(shù)量是在460,000到750,000以上。因此，B項(xiàng)“至多每年750,000”與原文不符，正確答案應(yīng)為C項(xiàng)“每年超過46,000”。5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本文主要講述了父母體罰孩子的普遍性。如今體罰已被視為虐待。體罰不僅給孩子樹立了壞榜樣，而且會(huì)加劇孩子的攻擊性。在兒童時(shí)期被體罰虐待的父母在教育下一代時(shí)也很可能會(huì)虐待孩子。由此可知，整篇文章對(duì)于體罰持否定態(tài)度，排除B和C。而從文章整體來看，作者對(duì)于體罰的態(tài)度不僅是不認(rèn)同更具有批判性。因此，D項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)厲地批判”更為符合作者的態(tài)度。12.【答案】B【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。在表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步等從句中，當(dāng)從句中的主語和主句的主語相同，謂語含有動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，從句中的主語和謂語可以省略。從句可以還原為whensuperconductorsaresubjectedtointensecold，因此選D。句意：超導(dǎo)體只有在嚴(yán)寒下才會(huì)失去電阻。13.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)為“意氣相投的；一致的”；B選項(xiàng)為“易相處的；可理解的”；C選項(xiàng)為“義務(wù)的；必須的；強(qiáng)制性的”；D選項(xiàng)為“傳染性的；會(huì)蔓延的”。根據(jù)所修飾名詞disease疾病可知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。14.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減小”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物逐漸減少的過程，主要是指數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等方面的減少；B選項(xiàng)subtract“減去”；C選項(xiàng)minimize“最小化，將……減到最小”；D選項(xiàng)degrade“降低（地位），貶低”。句意：這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)造成了巨大損失，但工廠表示損失沒有報(bào)道的嚴(yán)重，試圖將后果降到最低。15.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。credible表示“可靠的；可信的”；A選項(xiàng)為“著名的；眾所周知的”；B選項(xiàng)為“宗教的，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)摹?；C選項(xiàng)為“普通的；一般的”；D選項(xiàng)為“可信的”。根據(jù)句意可知，他不是一個(gè)可信的演講者。因此，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。16.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:D第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知，科學(xué)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)為工業(yè)效率的提高提供了方法和必要性?！倍恼碌谝欢沃饕v的是科學(xué)給工業(yè)帶來的突破以及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的必要性。綜合考慮以上內(nèi)容，要提高生產(chǎn)效率，那么科學(xué)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是必需的。因此C項(xiàng)符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork（但使他出名的卻是他將科學(xué)方法應(yīng)用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中應(yīng)用科學(xué)的管理方法而聞名于世。因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知，英國科學(xué)家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中，成功運(yùn)用了科學(xué)的管理方法，被認(rèn)為是成本核算之父。因此，正確答案是D項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知，泰勒強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人性化的方法，而非當(dāng)時(shí)常見的奴隸式的方法。動(dòng)詞短語emphasizeAoverB表示“與B相比更強(qiáng)調(diào)A”。因此，泰勒強(qiáng)調(diào)管理方法的科學(xué)性和人性化。本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知，泰勒于1975年去世，而他的大批追隨者則繼續(xù)在世界各地推廣他的方法。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。17.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decisionn.決心，決定；B選項(xiàng)sentencen.句子，命題，宣判；C選項(xiàng)prosecutionn.起訴，檢舉；D選項(xiàng)mandaten.授權(quán)，命令。根據(jù)句意陪審團(tuán)的成員們?cè)诼犎∽C詞后宣布了判決，因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。18.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)organizationn.組織，團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)；B選項(xiàng)administrationn.管理，行政機(jī)構(gòu)；C選項(xiàng)connectionn.連接，關(guān)系，人脈；D選項(xiàng)cooperationn.合作，協(xié)作。句意：我們醫(yī)院和城市大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院有良好的合作關(guān)系。因此，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。19.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)urgentadj.緊急的，急迫的；B選項(xiàng)hastyadj.輕率的，草率的，匆忙的；C選項(xiàng)instantadj.立即的，緊迫的；D選項(xiàng)promptadj.敏捷的，迅速的。句意：我們必須謹(jǐn)記倉促的決定常常會(huì)導(dǎo)致痛苦的悔恨。因此本題選擇B項(xiàng)。20.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中l(wèi)ethargy表示“無精打采；昏睡；嗜眠癥”。A選項(xiàng)為“蕭條；惰性；無精打采”；B選項(xiàng)為“熱情；熱心”；C選項(xiàng)為“無聊；厭倦”；D選項(xiàng)為“積極；精力充沛”。由句意可知，青少年嗜睡常常是因?yàn)槿狈m當(dāng)?shù)臓I養(yǎng)。因此，A項(xiàng)符合題意。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.問題1選項(xiàng)A.makesroomB.leavesnoroomC.sparesnoeffortsD.takesnopains2.單選題Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.問題1選項(xiàng)A.snatchupB.summonupC.catchonD.watchout3.單選題Doctorsusuallytrytothegravityofillnessifapatientisfoundtohavecancer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize4.單選題Ican’tgo—foronething,Ihavenomoney,and______,Ihavetoomuchwork.問題1選項(xiàng)A.what’smoreB.aswellC.foranotherD.inaddition5.單選題Judiciouspraiseis（）thesunistoflowers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.likechildrentoB.aschildrenasC.tochildrenwhatD.thatchildrenwith6.單選題Theofwomantomanatouruniversityisaboutfivetofour.問題1選項(xiàng)A.rateB.proportionC.portionD.percentage7.單選題Iwouldn’t______tointerfere.Instead,Iletmystudentsmaketheirowndecision問題1選項(xiàng)A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume8.單選題Surprisingly,nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation.Properrecordsarejustnotkept.Weknowthatmorethan850,000childrengothroughhospitaleachyear,andthateverychildofschoolagehasalegalrighttocontinuetoreceiveeducationwhileinhospital.Wealsoknowthereisonlyonehospitalteachertoevery1,000childreninhospital.Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry.ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEngland,whichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhasonlyapart-timeteacher.Thespecialchildren’shospitalsinmajorcitiesdobestgeneralhospitalsinthecountryandholidayareasareworstoff.Fromthissurvey,onecanestimatethatfewerthanoneinfivechildrenhavesomecontactwithahospitalteacher—andthatcontactmaybeaslittleastwohoursaday.Mostchildreninterviewedweresurprisedtofindateacherinhospitalatall.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforitbyparentsoftheirownschool.Iftherewasateacher,theyweremuchmorelikelytoreadbooksanddomathornumberwork,withoutateachertheywouldonlyplaygames.Reasonsforhospitalteachingrangefrompreventingachildfallingbehindandmaintainingthehabitofschooltokeepingachildoccupied,andthelatterisoftenalltheteachercando.Thepositionandinfluenceofmanyteacherswassummedupwhenpatentsofferedtothemas“thelibrarylady”orjust“thehelper”.Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.Severalparentsspokeofrequestsforworkbeingignoredorrefusedbytheschool.Oncebackatschoolchildrenrarelygetextrateaching,andaretoldtocatchupasbesttheycan.Manyshort-staychild-patientscatchupquickly.Butschoolsdoverylittletoeasetheanxietyaboutfallingbehindexpressedbymanyofthechildreninterviewed.1.Theauthorpointsoutatthebeginningthat______.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthelatestsurveythat______.3.Childreninhospitalusuallyturnto______inordertocatchupwiththeirschoolwork.4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthoris______.問題1選項(xiàng)A.everychildinhospitalreceivessometeachingB.notenoughisknownabouthospitalteachingC.hospitalteachingisofpoorqualityD.thespecialchildren’shospitalsareworstoff問題2選項(xiàng)A.hospitalteachingacrossthecountryissimilarB.eachhospitalhasatleastoneparttimeteacherC.allhospitalsurveyedoffereducationtochildrenD.onlyone-fourthofthehospitalshavefull-timeteachers問題3選項(xiàng)A.hospitalteachersB.schoolmatesC.parentsD.schoolteachers問題4選項(xiàng)A.unfavorabletowardschildrenreceivingeducationinhospitalsB.infavorofthepresentstateofteachinginhospitalsC.unsatisfiedwiththepresentstateofhospitalteachingD.satisfiedwiththeresultsofthelatestsurvey9.單選題Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ontheguardB.onthewatchC.onwatchD.onalert10.單選題Evenasagirl,______tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencesweretobeherbestteachers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.performingbyMelissawereB.itwasknownthatMelissa’sperformanceswereC.knowingthatMelissa’sperformanceswereD.Melissaknewthatperformingwas11.單選題Americansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americ