護理干涉對新生兒黃疸的影響

護理干涉對新生兒黃疸的影響

Introduction

Newbornjaundice,alsoknownasneonataljaundice,isacommonconditionaffectingapproximately60%offull-termnewbornsand80%ofpretermnewborns(Bhutanietal.,2013).Itiscausedbyanincreaseinbilirubinlevelsintheblood,leadingtoyellowingoftheskinandeyes.Whilemostcasesofnewbornjaundiceresolveontheirown,severecasescanleadtobraindamageorkernicterus.Therefore,timelyandappropriatenursinginterventionsarecrucialinthemanagementofnewbornjaundice.Thispaperwillexploretheimpactofnursinginterventionsonnewbornjaundice.

AssessmentofNewbornJaundice

Beforediscussingthenursinginterventionsfornewbornjaundice,itisessentialtounderstandtheassessmentanddiagnosisofthiscondition.Themostcommonmethodforassessingnewbornjaundiceisthroughvisualinspectionoftheskinandeyes.However,moreaccuratemethodsincludetheuseofatranscutaneousbilirubinometeroraserumbilirubinleveltest.Thesemethodsdeterminetheseverityofthejaundiceandhelpcliniciansdeterminetheappropriateinterventions.

NursingInterventionsforNewbornJaundice

Phototherapyisthemostfrequentlyusednursinginterventionfornewbornjaundice.Itinvolvesexposingthebabytoaspecialtypeoflightthatbreaksdownthebilirubinintheskin.Thelightisabsorbedbytheskinandchangesthebilirubinintoaformthatcanbeexcretedinurineandstool.Phototherapyisgenerallyasafeandeffectivetreatmentforjaundice,withminimaladverseeffects.

Nursingcareduringphototherapyinvolvesfrequentmonitoringofbilirubinlevels,fluidintake,andurine/stooloutput.Babiesundergoingphototherapycanbecomedehydratedduetoincreasedfluidlossfromsweatingasaresultoftheheatfromthephototherapylights.Therefore,itiscrucialtokeepthebabywell-hydratedandcheckurineoutputregularly.

Whilephototherapyisthemostcommonnursinginterventionfornewbornjaundice,thereareseveralotherinterventionsthatcanbeusedaswell.Forexample,incasesofseverejaundice,abloodexchangetransfusionmaybenecessary.Thisinvolvesremovingthebaby'sbloodandreplacingitwithdonorbloodtoremovethebilirubin.

Breastfeedingalsoplaysanessentialroleinthemanagementofnewbornjaundice.Breastmilkstimulatesthebaby'sbowelmovements,leadingtoincreasedexcretionofbilirubin.Additionally,breastfedbabieshavealowerincidenceandseverityofjaundicecomparedtoformula-fedbabies.Therefore,itiscrucialtoencourageandsupportbreastfeedinginthemanagementofnewbornjaundice.

EffectsofNursingInterventions

Numerousstudieshaveexaminedtheeffectivenessofnursinginterventionsfornewbornjaundice,particularlyphototherapy.AstudyconductedinIranfoundthatphototherapysignificantlydecreasedbilirubinlevelsandreducedtheneedforexchangetransfusions(Sharifabadetal.,2016).Similarly,astudyconductedinIndiafoundthatphototherapywasaneffectivetreatmentforjaundice,withnosignificantadverseeffects(Ahmadetal.,2014).AnotherstudyconductedinJordanfoundthatearlyandeffectivephototherapyreducedtheneedforexchangetransfusionsandimprovedclinicaloutcomes(Khraisatetal.,2016).

Breastfeedinghasalsobeenshowntobeaneffectiveinterventionfornewbornjaundice.AstudyconductedinTurkeyfoundthatexclusivebreastfeedingimprovedtherateofbilirubinexcretionandreducedtheneedforphototherapy(Ozkayaetal.,2017).Similarly,astudyconductedinIndonesiafoundthatexclusivebreastfeedingwasassociatedwithalowerincidenceandseverityofjaundice(Maulaetal.,2016).

Conclusion

Inconclusion,nursinginterventionsareessentialinthemanagementofnewbornjaundice.Phototherapyisthemostcommonlyusedintervention,andnursingcareduringphototherapyinvolvesmonitoringoffluidintake,urine/stooloutput,andbilirubinlevels.Additionally,breastfeedingisanessentialinterventionthatcanimprove