初三定語從句賓語從句

初三－-定語從句-賓語從句————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期：?第十一講定語從句&賓語從句(一)、定義:

在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如:?Ｔhisｉsｔhepresenttｈａt(yī)hｅｇavemｅｆｏｒｍybiｒthday.?Dｏyouknｏweverybodｙwｈｏcamｅtothepａrtｙ?

ＩstｉllrｅｍembeｒｔhenightwhｅnIfirｓtcamｅtoｔhevillagｅ?

ThiｓisthｅplaceｗｈereＣｈaｉｒmaｎMaoonｃｅlived.Themaｎwｈolivｅsnexｔｔousisaｐｏｌiceman.YoumustｄoeｖerythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的ｍan和everythｉnｇ是定語從句所修飾的詞,叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞ｔhaｔ,wｈicｈ,whｏ(賓格wｈom,所有格wｈose)和關(guān)系副詞wherｅ,wheｎ、whｙ關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：１２、3、(二)、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語（１)TheｂｏyswｈoａrepｌayingfoｏｔballaｒeｆｒoｍCｌasｓOne．(2）YｅｓterdayIhelpeｄanoｌｄmａnwｈoloｓｔhiswaｙ．2.ｗhom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。(１)Mr.Lｉuisｔhepｅrson(wｈom）youtalkeｄabｏut．注意：關(guān)系代詞ｗhom在口語和非正式語體中常用ｗho代替,可省略。(２）Ｔhemａｎwhｏ/whomyoｕmetjuｓｔnowiｓmyfriｅｎd.3.ｗhｉｃｈ指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略（１）Ｆooｔｂａllisagａｍewhicｈislikｅdbymosｔｂoys.(wｈich在句子中做)(2)Ｔｈiｓiｓtｈepen（whicｈ)ｈeboｕｇｈtｙｅsｔerｄay.(which在句子中做）４．thａt(yī)指人時,相當于wｈo或者whom;指物時,相當于whｉｃh。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(1)Ｔhepeopletｈat/whocoｍeｔovisiｔthecityaｒｅａllhere.(在句子中做主語)(2）Wheｒeｉｓtheｍanｔhat／whｏmＩsawthismｏrninｇ?(在句子中做賓語）5.whose通常指人,也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1）Hｅhasafｒieｎｄwｈoｓefａt(yī)ｈｅｒｉsadoctor.（2)Ilｉｖｅdinahouｓewhoseroofhaｓｆalleｎｉn．wｈose指物時,常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(３)Theclassｒoomwhｏsｅdoｏｒisbrｏｋenｗillsoｏnberepａired.=Thecｌａssｒoomthedｏoroｆwhichisbrｏkeｎｗiｌlsoonbeｒｅｐaireｄ.(４)Ｄoyｏｕliketheboｏkwhｏsｅcoｌorisｙellow?=Doｙoulikeｔｈebｏokisyelｌow?(三）、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系副詞：wｈen與whｅre、why、在從句中作狀語。先行詞指時間wｈen=in/ａｔ/ｏn/duｒingwhichＩwｉｌlｎevｅrfｏrgeｔｔhedayswｈen/onｗhichwｅｓｔayedinｔheｓummeｒhｏlｉdａy.Iwｉｌlneverfoｒgettheｄaysｔhaｔwｅspｅｎtintｈesummerhoｌiday先行詞指地點ｗｈere=in/at/from/whicｈThefａctｏrywhere/inwhiｃｈwｅworｋed3yｅａｒｓagoisｍｉssingｎoｗ.Theｆactｏrythａt(yī)/whicｈｗeｖiｓｉted３yeａｒｓaｇoisｍissｉngnow.先行詞指原因whｙ=foｒwhicｈThｅreasｏｎwｈy/forwhichyoｕdｉdn’tcometoschoolisfｕnny．Theｒeasoｎwhiｃh/tｈatyｏuexpｌａinｅdmeisunbelieｖａble．【總結(jié)】：關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句時，可作主語、賓語、定語等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主語whｏwhichtｈat賓語wｈom/wｈoｗhｉｃhｔhａt(yī)定語whosｅ(＝ofwｈoｍ)whｏse(＝ｏｆwhicｈ)1.ThｉｓistheｄｏctoｒwhoｃamefｒomLoｎdon.２.Theｂｏｏｋwhich／thａt(yī)IamrｅaｄｉnｇｉｓwｒiｔtenbｙＴｈｏｍaｓHaｒｄy.3.Tｈｅｄeskwhosｅlegｉsｂrokenisｖeryold.４.Thisｉstｈeroomthaｔ／ｗhiｃｈSｈakesｐeareｗasbｏrnin.二、使用關(guān)系代詞時應注意以下幾點:只能用that的情況:1.如果先行詞是ａlｌ,aｎythiｎｇ,someｔhｉng，nｏｔhing，everythｉｎｇ，little，none等不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞一般只用tｈat，不用which。例如：Ａllｔhatarepresentburstiｎtotｅars.２．如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first,laｓt，anｙ,onｌｙ,fｅw,mｕcｈ，no,some，veｒy等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用thaｔ，不用which。例如:ThefｉｒstlessonthatIleaｒnedwillneｖerbefｏrgotten.3．先行詞被only,nｏ,aｎｙ,all,等詞修飾時。例如:?

Heisｔｈeonｌｙｆoreｉgnerthathａsｂeenｔothaｔplacｅ.

４先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如:?Heｗasthesｅconｄpｅrｓontｈａt(yī)ｔoｌdｍｅｔhｅｓecｒet．?5．先行詞中既有人又有物時,關(guān)系代詞應該用tｈat。例如:Theｂoyａnｄthedogthａt(yī)aｒeinｔｈepictureaｒｅvｅｒyloｖeｌy.(二)．which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，ｗhich可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語,多數(shù)情況下意思與ａnｄtｈｉｓ相似。例如：Heｓucceedeｄｉｎtheｃompetｉtion,ｗhicｈｍadehispａｒentsvｅryhａppｙ．(三)．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”可以引導限制性定語從句,也可以引導非限制性定語從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in，on,ａbout,frｏm,foｒ，with，ｔｏ,aｔ,oｆ,wｉthout等,關(guān)系代詞常常只可用whoｍ或whiｃｈ,不可用thaｔ。例如：Theroomｉnwhicｈthereｉｓamachinｅisaworkshｏp.像listenｔo,lookａt(yī),depｅｎdon，pａyattｅnｔionｔo，takｅcareof等固定短語動詞,在定語從句中一般不將介詞與動詞分開。例如：Ｔhisｉsthｅboywhomsheｈａｓｔaｋenｃareoｆ．典型例題()1、－Doyouknowtｈeman_____＿ｉｓｔａｌｋinｇｗithｙｏurfａt(yī)hｅr?-Yeｓ，hｅ‘sourｈeaｄmasｔer.A．ｈeB.whoC.wｈichD.whom(）2、Theｇirl＿_____ｉsreadｉnguｎｄｅrtheｔｒee＿＿___myｓistｅｒ.A.which；ｉsB.whｏm;wasC．ｗｈo；isD.ｗｈｏ；was()3、HａveyouseenthefｉｌmTitanic___actorsaｒeveｒyfａｍoｕｓ?ＡwhｏＢwhosｅＣtｈatＤwｈom（)４、Annaskedｔｈｅpoｌicemａn_＿_hｅｗｏrkeｄtocontａctｈｉmwｈｅｎeｖerｔｈeｒeｗasanaccidｅｎt．AｗithhimＢｗｉthwhomCwhoDｗｈｏm（)５、Acｈiｌｄ＿__＿paｒｅnｔsareｄeadisｃａlledanoｒphan.ＡwｈiｃhBhｉsCｗhosｅＤwith()6、Tｈisｉstheｒｅaｓoｎ＿___＿_hｅtolｄme.A、thaｔＢ、whyＣ、ｏｎｗhｉchＤ、ｆorthａt(yī)（）７、Ｄoyouknoｗtheｓｃieｎtist___＿__＿gaｖｅusatalkjｕｓｔnｏｗ?Ａ.wｈoB.whomＣ.whichD．whose()8、Thisiｓthedicｔionarｙ_____＿＿Mumgavemeformybirthｄay．A．whｉchB.whatC.whｏseD．ｗｈom()9、SｈaｏliｎTｅmple_____＿__ｌieｓｉntheweｓtｏfZheｎgｚｈoｕwelcｏmesｔhevｉｓitorsbｏｔｈａｔhomｅandaｂroａd.A.whereB.whｉchＣ.whoD．what()10、—Dｏyｏuknowtｈegirl_____＿_ｉsstanｄingundertｈｅtrｅｅ??—Sheismylｉttlｅｓisｔer.

A.ｗhoB.whｏｍC.whｏseD.whｉch【中考范例】

1.(2004年哈爾濱）

--－Dｏestｈeteachｅrknoweveryboｄｙ_＿_＿___ｐlantedthetrees?

-－－Yes,ｈeｄoes.

A．wｈich

B.wｈｏse

C．where

D.who?

２.(２004年常州市)

Thelｅｔter____＿__Irｅceiｖedfromｈimyesterdａｙiｓveryｉｍporｔant．

Ａ.who

B.whｅｒｅ

C．wｈａt(yī)

Ｄ.ｔhaｔ

3.（2004年揚州市）

---Wｈｅｒｅistheｓｃieｎtｉst__＿_____ｇａveｕsｔhｅｔaｌｋyesｔerday?

--－HehａsgonebacktoＱｉnｇhuａUｎivｅrsiｔy.

Ａ.whｏm

Ｂ.who

C.whoｓe

Ｄ.ｗhich?

4.(2004年益陽５.(２008河北)Thisisthedictiｏnary_＿_＿Ｍuｍgｉvｅmeformybirthdａｙ.A.whiｃｈB.ｗhatC.ｗｈoseＤ.wｈｏm6.(200８廣東)Ｉhaｖeboughtthecamera____ｗasadveｒｔisedonTV.A．whatB.whyC.wｈiｃhD.who7.(２００8哈爾濱)Ifabａgisfillｅdｗｉｔhbｏoksandpens,ｉtmｕstｂｅlｏngtoｓomeoｎe＿___＿workshaｎd.WｈichＢ．／C.whoｍD．ｗho8．(2008福州)－－-Dｏyouknowtｈegｉｒl＿＿__issｔandｉngundｅｒtｈｅｔｒee？－--Shｅiｓmyliｔtｌesisteｒ.whoＢ.whomC.whｏｓeD.whiｃh9.(2008河南）ShaoliｎＴｅmｐlｅ__＿_ｌieｓiｎtheｗesｔofＺｈengzhoｕwelcｏmesthevisｉtorｓｂoｔhathomeａndabｒoad.A.ｗhereＢ.whｉｃhC.whoＤ．what10.（200８吉林)Tｈiｓistheｑuestion＿__ｗearｅtａlkiｎｇａboｕtｎow.A.ｔhatB.whoC.ｗhereＤ.ｗheｎ１1.（2008紹興)Eventｅachｅrsｃan’ｔｕｎdｅrstaｎｄsoｍｅexpｒessｉons__tｈeirstudentsｕseinｄａｉlｙlife.A.whｏsｅB.whｏＣ.thatＤ．whｏｍ１２.(200８襄樊|)Ilikｅwrｉｔers＿___ｗrｉｔeaboｕtsｔoｒieｓ.A．whichB.ｗhatC.wｈomD．ｗhｏ13.(２008遼寧)Thatｉsthemａn____ｓaveｄｔenchildreｎｉntｈeeａrｔhqｕake．A.whｏB.whichC．whereＤ.what1４．(２008宜昌)-－--WhatdoｙoｕthinkoｆtheｂｏｏkAHawTreeｗaswｒiｔｔeｎbyａｗｏmａnwriteｒ？A．wheｎB．thatC.wｈｏＤ.ｗｈeｒe三.用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空?1.Thehｏｕsｅ___＿___wｅlivｅｉnｉsｖerybig.?2.Thebｏy_＿___＿iｓｗearｉngｔｈｅblacｋjacketisverycｌeｖeｒ.?3.Ｔhisｉsｔhｅｐｒeseｎt_____ｈegａvemｅｆorｍybirthdａy.?４．Theman_＿____＿talkedtｏyoｕjustnoｗiｓａnenginｅｅr.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteａｃｈeｒｓandschooｌｓ_＿__＿__ｈｅｈadvｉsｉted.

6.Thereiｓnothｉngｉntｈeｗｏrｌｄ___＿_＿_canfｒiｇｈｔenhim.

7.Shewｅarｓagｏldｒing,____＿_＿iｓverｙｕnｃommoniｎoｕrclａｓs．?8．Ｗevｉsitedafaｃtory__＿__＿_makestoｙsforchilｄren.?９.Iｓthisｔhｅpｌａｃe_______yourfatheronceliveｄ?1０．Ｉ’ｌlneveｒforgetｔｈedａｙs__＿___＿IｊoｉnedthｅLｅａguｅ.

11.Doｙｏuknｏｗthelａdy____issｔaｎdｉngundeｒｔhｅｔree?1２.Thｅｂoy_＿__gａvemｅｔheraiｎｃoaｔjｕstnowisｍybｒother．13.Thiｓisｔheｇirl____ｆriendsｏｆtencomeｔｏｓｅeｍe.14．Iｌivｅiｎthebuｉlｄinｇ_＿__isvｅrynearhere.15．Sｈｅisｎotlikeｔhegｉｒl___shｅuseｄtobｅ.16.Ａnystuｄent____finisheｓhｉstｅsｔｅarlyshｏuldｃheckhisｐａpｅr.17．ＯnMeiＭei’swaｙｈomeｓhｅsａwthepｅrsｏｎ＿＿___ｈerteaｃherａlｗａyｓspoｋｅof.18.Helaughsbｅｓｔ＿_＿laughsｌａｓｔ．１9.Aｌl____youhaｖｅｔodｏｉstostudyｈａｒd.20．Ilikemｙhoｍetｏwn__＿_Iｗaｓborn.四、課后練習(）1.Beijingｉsthｅ2９thcity_＿_____hｏldｓtheOlymｐｉcＧames．

A.whereB.tｈａｔC.whichD.ｗhat(）2．Ｈaveyoｕreadtｈeboｏk_＿_____Igaｖeyouｙeｓｔerday？?A.tｈatB.ｗheｎＣ.wｈere()3.Ｔhemaｎ_____＿＿ｃａmeｔoouｒpartywithapｒesｅｎtｉsmyｏｌdfrieｎｄ.

Ａ.ｗhenＢ．whichC．wｈｏ（)４.Ilikｅｗrｉters_______wriｔeshorｔsｔories.

A.wｈｉｃｈB.whatC.ｗhomＤ.ｗｈo(）５.Thiｓisthｅqｕesｔioｎ＿＿＿_＿__weareｔalkｉngaｂｏｕｔnｏｗ.

Ａ．thatB.ｗhoC.whereD．when（）6.—Wｈaｔareｙoulｏokinｇfｏr??—Iａｍlooｋingfortheｂook＿＿_____Iboughtyesterday．

Ａ.wｈoB.whichC.whose()７.Jaｃk,tｈｅｒｅissｏｍeoｎeiｎｔheｏｆfice＿＿＿___＿wouldliketｏspeaｋwitｈｙｏu.

A.whｏB.whiｃhC.wｈoｍ（）8.Ifabａｇｉsfilledwithｂooksanｄpｅns,itmuｓtbelongｔosomeone_______wｏrksｈaｒd.?Ａ.whichＢ./C.whomD.who（)9.Manyyoungpeopｌeprｅfertｈesｏngs___＿__＿havegｒeａｔlｙrics．?Ａ．wｈichB.whｏC．whereD．ｗhｏm(）10.Evenｔｅａｃherscan’tunderstandｓomeeｘprｅsｓionｓ_______theｉrstudｅnｔsuｓeinｄａｉlｙlife．

A.whoｓeＢ．ｗhｏＣ.tｈａt(yī)Ｄ.ｗhom（)11.Ｔheｂridge__＿_ａbiｇshipcａngｏｈasbeenｂｕｉlt.A．undｅrwhichB.ｕｎderthatC.inwhichD.onwhich()12.Thebｏok_＿_＿iｓtornismine.Ａ.tｈｅcoverofwｈichＢ.tｈｅｃｏｖerofｔhatC.whichｔheｃoｖerD．whosecoverof(）13.Heｔａlkｅdａｂｏutｔheclassmateｓanｄtheschooｌ＿__＿hehadｖisitｅd．A.whoB.tｈａt(yī)C.ｗhichＤ．ａｂouｔwhｉｃh()１４．Youhaveseenｔhegiｒl＿___sｉsterisaＣhｉnｅseteａｃhｅr．A.ｗhoｍB.ofwｈomC．whoseD.ofwhicｈ()1５.Wesｈoｕｌｄdoａｌｌ_＿＿_iｓusefultopeople.A./B.thaｔC.ｉtD.ｗhich()16．Wecameｔｏａplａce____thｅyhadnｅverpaidaｖiｓitbeｆore.Ａ.ｗhｉcｈB.iｎｗhｉｃhC.onwhichD.toｗhicｈ（)17.Ｔhose____fｉnisheddoingｉtputｕpｙourhandｓ．A．wｈohaｖｅＢ.whｏhasＣ.wｈiｃhｈaveD.have()19.Thｅmａｎ__＿_wasafrieｎdｏｆmine.Ａ．ｔhatyouｊusttalｋedｔｏＢ．ｗｈoｍyｏujusttalkeｄｔｏhiｍＣ.whoyoujustｔalkedtohimD.whichyouｊusｔtalｋedto()20．Iweｎｔtotｈｅschoｏl＿___ｍｙfａt(yī)ｈeｒoncｅwｏrｋed.A.ｔhatB.wｈｉchC.ｗhereＤ.onwhｉcｈ(）21.Iｓhalｌｎeｖｅrｆorgeｔthｏｓｅyｅars__＿_＿__Ilｉｖedintｈｅcouｎtｒywｉtｈtｈefaｒｍers,＿__＿__＿_＿hａsagrｅａｔeffeｃtoｎmylife．A．ｔｈａt(yī)；ｗhｉchB.ｗhen;ｗhichC.ｗｈich；ｔhａｔＤ.wｈen;wｈo（)22.Theweａt(yī)herｔurneｄｏutｔobeverygooｄ，______＿waｓmorｅｔhａnwｅcｏｕldexpeｃt.A.wｈaｔB.whiｃhC.thatD.it(）2３.CaｒoｌｓａidｔｈeworkwouldｂedｏnebｙOcｔobｅr，__＿personalｌｙIｄｏubtvｅryｍuch.A.itＢ.ｔhaｔＣ.whｅnD.ｗhｉch(）24.Dｏrothｙwasａｌwayssｐｅakinｇｈｉghｌyofｈerroleiｎtｈeplaｙ,＿__,oｆcoｕrsｅ,madｅｔｈeotｈersunｈappy.A.wｈoB.wｈｉcｈC.thisＤ．wｈaｔ()２5.Ｈaｖeyｏuseｅnthefｉlm"Titaｎｉc",____＿_＿＿lｅadinｇaｃｔｏｒiｓworldｆamｏus？A.itsB．it'sC.wｈoseD．which主過，從過；主不過，從隨意；從真理，一般現(xiàn)在永不變。

主過，從過；主不過，從隨意；從真理，一般現(xiàn)在永不變。

考點點睛?？键c一:時態(tài)?１.主過，從過：當主句是過去時的時候，從句要改為過去的對應時態(tài),Eg:Iｋnowyoｕ'reｒight.過去時Iknｅｗｙouｗereｒighｔ．

2.主不過，從隨意：當主句不是過去時的時候,從句時態(tài)不受限從真理，一般現(xiàn)在永不變:當從句是客觀真理的時候，無論主句是什么時態(tài),從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時eｇ:MｙmｏmｔｏldtｈatＢeijinｇisthecapｉtalofChiｎａ.考點二：語序

賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序，即:主語+謂語，譯一譯:我不知道他是誰。＿_＿__＿______________＿_____________＿______＿＿___考點三：連接詞(1)陳述句，引導詞_＿＿_____＿＿__＿當從句是(2)一般疑問句_____＿__＿＿＿__＿_＿(3)特殊疑問句___＿＿＿＿__＿＿＿＿__?如：Iｋnow________＿_＿___heｉｓaｇoodstudｅnt.我想知道她的答案是正確的嗎_______＿_＿____＿___＿__＿_＿__＿______＿＿_Wheredｏesｓhelivｅ?Dｏｙouknｏw?(合并成一句)__________＿＿_＿_______＿_________＿＿_＿＿_______＿___＿＿＿_____＿_＿＿_＿＿＿特別注意:只能用ｗhether不能用if的情況①與ｏｒnot連用：ＨeaskeｄmewhetherornotＩｗａscoｍing.②在介詞之后：Iｔdｅｐendsｏnwhethｅritisgoingtｏraｉ