北師大版高中英語選修六第3講：Unit16-Stories-語法篇(學(xué)生版)

Unit16Stories語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________掌握過去完成時(shí)的用法；區(qū)分一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的用法。2、掌握并區(qū)分have/get后加復(fù)合賓語的用法。一.過去完成時(shí)1.定義：過去完成時(shí)是表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作、事情。它表示的是發(fā)生在“過去的過去”的動(dòng)作，只有在和過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作相比較的時(shí)候才會(huì)使用過去完成時(shí)。2.構(gòu)成：

肯定式：had+

動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

否定式：hadn't+

動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 疑問式：Had…+

動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 簡略回答:Yes,

主

+have/hashad. No,

主

+had.3.用法：=1\*GB3①表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某一動(dòng)作之前發(fā)發(fā)生了另一動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。此句中常有by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或以before,until,when,than等詞引導(dǎo)的一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語從句。ByyesterdayeveningIhadlearntaboutthenews.昨晚我就已經(jīng)得知了這個(gè)消息。Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.他們到的時(shí)候，公交車已經(jīng)離開了。TheyweresorrytheyhadneverbeentotheGreatWall.他們因從未去過長城而感到遺憾。=2\*GB3②表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前發(fā)生或存在，一直持續(xù)到這個(gè)過去時(shí)間，并有可能持續(xù)下去。此時(shí)句中常有for或since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語或since，after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Hehadworkedformorethan10hoursbeforewearrived.在我們到達(dá)之前，他已經(jīng)工作10多個(gè)小時(shí)了。Shesaidshehadmadegreatprogresssinceshecamehere.她說自從她到這兒已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。=3\*GB3③表達(dá)過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，意思是“本打算（希望）......”，常用下列動(dòng)詞的過去完成式來表示：plan,want,hope,think,intend,mean,suppose,expect等。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn'tgetthereintime.他們本想去幫忙，但沒能及時(shí)趕到那兒。=4\*GB3④用于nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when句型中，意為“一......就......”。Nosoonerhadhesatdownthanthephonerang.他剛坐下電話鈴就響了。=5\*GB3⑤用于itwasthefirst/second...timethat及itwas...since...后的從句中Thiswasthefirsttimehehadeverbeenlate.

這是他第一次遲到。Itwasthreeyearssincewehadleftthecity.

（那時(shí)）我們離開那座城市已有三年。二.過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1.一般過去時(shí)表示過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成得動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，常用過去完成時(shí)。比較：TheclasshadalreadybegunwhenIcametoschool.當(dāng)我來到學(xué)校時(shí)，已經(jīng)開始上課了。HehadgonehomebeforeIgottohisoffice.在我到達(dá)他的辦公室之前，他就已經(jīng)回家了。2.一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)都可以和確定的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。比較：Theyhaddonetheworkatfiveo'clock.在5點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候他們已經(jīng)完成了那項(xiàng)工作。Theydidtheworkatfiveo'clock.他們是在五點(diǎn)鐘做那項(xiàng)工作的。3.在帶有after或before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，所以可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。Hecalledonmesoonafterhehadreturned.他回來不久便來拜訪我了。=Hecalledonmesoonafterhereturned.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIgottothestation.我到站之前，火車已經(jīng)離開了。=ThetrainleftbeforeIgottothestation.三.have/get+復(fù)合賓語have,get后接三種形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，have,get意為“使，讓，叫”。1.have/getsth.done使/讓某事由別人去做（叫/讓某人做某事）I'llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.明天我會(huì)叫人給我修自行車。誤區(qū)警示：havesth.done還表示“使某事/某物遭受......”。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.湯姆踢足球時(shí)，一條腿摔斷了。2.havesb./sth.doingsth.使/讓某人/某物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行）；getsb./sth.doingsth.使某人/某物開始做某事Thepeasantshadthetractorsworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.在收獲的時(shí)節(jié)，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)夜以繼日地工作。Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)。誤區(qū)警示：havesb.doing若用于否定句中，have有“容忍”之意。Ican'thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.我不會(huì)容忍你跟你的父母那樣說話。Don'thavethewaterrunningallthetime.不要讓水流個(gè)不停。3.havesb.dosth./getsb.todosth.使/讓/叫某人去做某事Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.媽媽讓我去商店買些鹽。Ican'tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon'tlistentome.我不能阻止他吸煙。他不聽我的。例1.（2014北京高考）Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit_____whenIarrived.A.startedB.wasstarting C.wouldstartD.hadstarted例2.（2014山東高考）Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe_____.A.willexpectB.areexpectingC.expectD.hadexpected例3.（2014陜西高考）Nosooner____steppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.hadMoYanMoYanhadhasMoYanMoYanhas例4.（2014浙江高考）Sofialookedaroundatallthefaces:shehadtheimpressionthatshe____mostoftheguestsbefore.hasseenhadseensawwouldsee例5.Theymightjusthaveaplace____onthewritingcourse---whydon'tyougiveitatry?A.leftB.leaveC.leavingD.toleave基礎(chǔ)演練一.用括號里所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.He______(abandon)hiswifeanddaughterbeforehebecameafamousviolinist.2.Hewastremblingallthewaybecausehewastoldthenewsthathisson______(knock)anoldladyoveronhiswayhome.3.Whensheturnedaroundthecorner,shefoundthattheroad______alreadybeen______(block)out.4.He______(gather)allhiscouragetoaskforapayrisebeforehewenttoworkthatday,butwasstilltoonervoustotellittohisboss.5.He______(go)throughlotsofhardshipbeforehecamehere,buthedidn'tloseheart.6.Onceuponatime,akinglikedhorsesverymuchandheoftenhadartists______(paint)horsesforhim.7.Intheoldsociety,peoplesometimeshadtohavetheirchildren______(abandon)forlackofmoney.8.ItoccurredtomethatIcouldhavethevase______(preserve)inthemuseum.9.Youshouldn'tgetyourself______(discourage).Afterall,youarenotaloneonthispoint.10.Youcan'tgetthestubbornboy______(change)hismind.二.單項(xiàng)選擇。1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgone B.hadstudied,went C.hasstudied,goes D.hadstudied,hadgone2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyed B.wasenjoying C.hadenjoyed D.wouldenjoy3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeenin B.hadbeenin C.hadbeento D.hadgoneto4.Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,he______itforaverylongtime.A.hashad B.hadhad C.has D.had5.Youcan'thavethehorse______alltheway.It'stoohot.A.run B.torun C.running D.toberunning鞏固提高一.用括號里所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.She______(count)onheruncletosupportherbeforeshegraduatedfromuniversity.2.Atlast,thesufferingshe______(suffer)paidoffandhisbiographycameoutatlast.3.Onhiswaytothestation,hecameacrossanoldclassmatehe______(notsee)foralongtime.4.Istilldidn'tfigureoutwhat______(happen)toherbecauseshewasdiscouragedwheneverImether.5.Itwasthesecondtimethathe______(burst)outoftheclassroomwithoutpermission.6.Thetroublesomeboyhadhisfather'scarwindow______(break).7.Youshouldn'thavehadtheprecioustime______(waste)onthecomputergames.8.Thetrafficjamhadthem______(holdup)onthecoldwintermorning.9.Itwasseverecold.NomatterhowhardItried,Istillcouldn'tgetthecar______(run)again.10.Theclevermanhadthecomplexphysicalproblem______(figureout)inaninstant.二.單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Lastmonth,studentsinXiuningHighSchoolgotinvolvedinthesportsmeeting,forwhichthey_____forquitealongtime.A.hasprepared B.prepared C.hadprepared D.wouldprepare2.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar______.A.washed B.wash C.washing D.towash3.（2014安徽高考）Thetwins,who______theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.A.willfinish B.finish C.havefinished D.hadfinished4.Doyouthinkyoucouldgetthisparcel______forme,please?A.mailed B.tomail C.mailing D.mail5.He______footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.A.wasplaying B.played C.hasplayed D.hadplayed一.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.

We

_________

(paint)

the

house

before

we

_________

(move)

in.

2.

That

rich

old

man

_________

(make)

a

will

before

he

_________

(die).

3.

They

_________

(study)

the

map

of

the

country

before

they

________

(leave).

4.

The

robbers

_________

(run

away)

before

the

policemen

_______

(arrive).

5.

I

_________

(turn

off)

all

the

lights

before

I

_________

(go)

to

bed.6.

Paul

__________

(go)

out

with

Jane

after

he

_________

(make)

a

phone

call.

7.

Tom

_________

(say)

he

__________

(read)

the

book

twice.

8.

Our

plan

__________

(fail

)

because

we

_________

(make)

a

bad

mistake.

9.

When

the

chairman

__________

(finish)

speaking,

he

_________

(leave)the

hall.

10.

The

Reads

________

(have)

lunch

when

I

_________(get)

to

their

house.

二.單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_______andalotofthings________.A.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolen B.hadbrokeninto,hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto,stolen D.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolen2.Bytheendoflastcentury,we_______ourcountryintoastrongmoderncountry.A.willbuild B.hadbuilt C.havebuilt D.willhavebuilt3.We________theworkbysixyesterdayevening.A.finished B.wouldfinish C.hadfinished D.hadbeenfinished4.I________tohelpyoubutcouldn'tgethereintime.A.want B.hadwanted C.havewanted D.waswanting5.Mrs.Wutoldmethathersister_________.A.leftabouttwohoursbefore B.wouldleaveabouttwohoursbeforeC.hasleftabouttwohoursago D.hadleftabouttwohoursbefore6.WhenIreachedhome,myparents__________theirsupper.A.arehaving B.havealreadyhad C.havehad D.hadalreadyhad7.Itseemedthattheoldman_________somethingimportant.A.haslost B.hadlost C.lost D.wouldlose8.Wewillhaveyou_________thatthemachinehasbeenmade________atfullspeed.A.know;working B.know;toworkC.knowing;work D.know;work9.DidyouseeXiaoLiattheparty?No,______bythetimeIarrived.A.she'dleft B.she'sleft C.Shewasleft D.shemustleave10.ThejobprovedtobemuchmoredifficultthanI______.A.expect B.expected C.wouldexpect D.hadexpected__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Wecouldn'tcatchupwiththeothersbecausethey_____toolongbeforeus.A.started B.werestarting C.havestarted D.hadstarted2.Shefeltanxiousabouthersonasshe________forquitealongtime.A.haven'theardhim B.hadn'theardhimC.haven'theardfromhim D.hadn'theardfromhim3.Bythetimethespeakerenteredthehall,allthelisteners_______.A.hadbeenseated B.wereseated C.seated D.wereseating4.BytheendoflastJuly,thisbuilding_________.A.willbefinished B.willhavefinishedC.willhavebeenfinished D.hadbeenfinished5.Bythetimethewar____,mostofthepeoplehadleft.A.wasbegan B.wasbrokenout C.brokeout D.hadbeenbrokenout6.Ifshe______harder,shewouldhavesucceeded.A.hadworked B.haveworked C.shouldwork D.worked7.Iwon'thaveyou______toyourmotherinthatway.A.say B.talking C.talked D.speak8.---Somemoneyismissing.---Well,wemustgetthepolice_______atonce.A.toinform B.informing C.informedof D.informed9.Thatdinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe___.A.wouldhave B.havehad C.hadneverhad D.hadeverhad10.WhenJackarrived,helearnedMary______foralmostanhour.A.hadgone B.hadsetof C.hadleft D.hadbeenaway二.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Weareallcalledupontoamakeaspeechatsomepointinlife,butmostofusdon’tdoaverygoodjob.1. So,youhavetogiveaspeech---andyouareterrified.Yougetnervous,youforgetwhatyouwanttosay,youstumble（結(jié)結(jié)巴巴）overwords,youtalktoolong,andyouboreyouraudience.Lateryouthink,“Thankgoodness,itisover.Iamjustnotgoodatpublicspeaking.IhopeIneverhavetodothatagain.” Cheepup!2.Herearesomesimplestepstotakethepainoutofspeechmaking.Askyourselfthepurposeofyourspeech.Whatistheoccasion?Whyareyouspeaking?Then,gatherasmanyfactsasyoucanonyoursubject.Spendplentyofyourtimedoingyourresearch.Thenspendplentyoftimeorganizingyourmaterialsothatyourspeechisclearandeasytofollow.Useasmanyexamplesaspossible,andusepictures,charts,andgraphsiftheyhelpyoumakeyourpointsmoreclearly.3.Don’ttalkovertheirheads,anddon’ttalkdowntothem.Treatyouraudiencewithrespect.Theywillappreciateyourthoughtfulness. Justremember:Beprepared.Knowyoursubject,youraudience,andtheoccasion.Bebrief.4.Andbeyourself.Letyourpersonalitycomethroughsothatyoumakeperson-to-personcontactwithyouraudience.Ifyoufollowthesesimplesteps,youwillseethatyoudon’thavetobeafraidofpublicspeaking.Infact,youmayfindtheexperiencesoenjoyablethatyouvolunteertomakemorespeeches!You’renotconvincedyet?_5_.A.Itdoesn’thavetobethatbad.B.Takeseveraldeepbreaths