2022-2023學(xué)年河南省焦作市高二（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年河南省焦作市高二（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）ABelowareafewexamplesofverydifferentmothersfromdifferentauthors，fromtheclassicstomoderndayexamples.

TheRailwayChildrenbyEdithNesbit

Whentheirfatheristakenawaybytwostrangersoneevening，thelivesofRoberta，PeterandPhylissarebrokenup.TheyandtheirmotherareforcedtomovefromtheircomfortableLondonhometoasimplecottageinthecountrywheretheirmotherwritesbookstomakeendsmeet.Thisissuchalovelystoryofhowthechildrenadapttotheirnewwayoflifebytherailwaysandofhowtheirmothercontinuestocareforthemandbringthemup，sometimestothepointwecouldalmostbelievesheistoogoodtobetrue!

TheDwellingPlacebyCatherineCookson

SetinCountyDurhaminthe1830s，CissyBrodyandheryoungsiblingsaredrivenoutfromtheirfarmcottagewhenbothoftheirparentsdieofcholera.Determinedthatsheandthechildrenwillnotenterthefrighteningworkhouse，youngCissytakesontheparentalresponsibilityforthemandmovesthemalltoliveinasmallcaveonthemoorswheretheywillfacemanyhardshipsbeforefindingahappyending.

LittleWomenbyLouisaMayAlcott

Inthisbook，themother，MrsMarch，isthegluethatholdsthefamilytogetherthroughtheCivilWaraswefollowthelivesofherdaughters，Jo，Meg，AmyandBeth.TheirfatherisawayservingasaChaplaininthewarandhavinglosttheirfortune，theirmothermustuseallherresourcestokeepthefamilytogether，whichshedoesremarkablywell.

PrideandPrejudicebyJaneAusten

Sometimesgarrulous，rudeandmaterialistic，yetstrangelylikeable，MrsBennetleadsherfivedaughters，Jane，Elizabeth，Mary，KittyandLydia，tosuitablemarriages.Nothingwillstandinherwayalthoughsometimesherratherfull-onapproachdoesscareawaysuitablesuitors.Sometimestouchingandatothertimesfunny，itneverfailstomakemesmile.1.HowdoesthemotherinTheRailwayChildrensupportherfamily？______A.Bystartingherwritingcareer.

B.Bysellingthecomfortablehouse.

C.Byworkingattherailway.

D.Bywashingclothesfortherich.2.WhatisLittleWomensetin？______A.Arichfamily. B.Thewarperiod.

C.Theimaginaryfuture. D.Thecountryside.3.Whichbookcoversthesubjectofmarriage？______A.TheRailwayChildren. B.TheDwellingPlace.

C.LittleWomen. D.PrideandPrejudice.BAt70yearsoldandnearly200poundsheavy，JoanMacDonald'shealthwasdeteriorating（惡化）rapidly.Heramazingbodytransformationinspiredthousands!

Shewastakingacocktailofmedications（藥物）toaddresshermanyillnesses：highbloodpressure，highcholesterol，andacidreflux.Whilemanywouldsaythatit'snormalforpeopleatherage，Joanknewtherehadtobeabetterway.Doctorssaidshehadtomakeadjustmentstoherlifestyle，orelse，shewouldhavetotakeincreaseddosagesofthesemedications.

AlthoughJoancouldn'trememberthelasttimeshereallythoughtaboutherhealth，sheknewitwastimeforthatbodytransformation.Joanwatchedhermomtakemedicationaftermedication，andshedidn'twanttoendupthatway.

Joanbeganwithsmallchanges，includingwalking，practicingyoga，andliftingweights.Aftersixmonthsofhardwork，Joanwasabletoshed45pounds.Eversinceshestartedworkingoutandeatingmorehealthilyin2017，thistoughwomanhasmanagedtoloseatotalof50pounds!Herroutineinvolveshittingthegymfivedaysaweek，doingweightlifting，anddoing15to30minutesofsports.

WhileJoanadmittedtostrugglingwiththetechnologyatfirst，sherefusedtothrowinthetowel.Sinceshecarriedoutthesechangesinherlife，Joanhasfeltsomuchbetter.She'sgottenoffhermedicationsandherarthritisisnotasbothersomeasbefore.

Now，Joanisinspiringwomenofallagesworldwidebyprovingtothemthatit'snevertoolatetochange.Heradvicetootherwomenwhowanttomakeachangebutdon'tknowhowtois"tobelievethatitispossible!Eventhoughyoucan'tturnbacktheclock，youcanwinditupagain."4.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofJoan'sillnesses？______A.Theyshouldbecuredimmediately.

B.Theyarecompletelyavoidable.

C.Theyarenearlyharmlesstohealth.

D.Theyarecommonforpeopleintheir70s.5.WhyisJoan'smothermentionedinthetext？______A.ToshareJoan'smother'slatelife.

B.ToshowtheoriginofJoan'sillnesses.

C.ToexplainJoan'smotivationtochange.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofhealth.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout？______A.TheeffortsJoanhasmade. B.Joan'sgiftforsports.

C.ThechallengesJoanhasmet. D.Joan'sfavoriteactivities.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJoan'sstory？______A.Wherethereislife，thereishope.

B.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

C.Thegoodseamanisknowninbadweather.

D.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.CAfteradolphinwasfoundswimmingaloneinacreek（淺灣）inFlorida，marinebiologistsformedahumanchaintorescueit.

Dolphinstypicallytravelingroupscalleda"school"ora"pod"，althoughsolitary（獨自的）dolphinsarebecomingmorecommon.Thiscanbeacauseforconcernbecausedolphinsarenaturallysociablecreatures，soiftheyareisolated（孤立）fromotherdolphins，theymayturntheirattentiontohumaninteraction.Thisinturncanbedangerous，bothfordolphinsandhumans.

Dolphinscanbecomedependentonhumansforfood，andbecomelessinclinedtofeedontheirown.Additionally，dolphinsthatareusedtohumancontactspendmoretimeinshallowwaters，whichcanleadtostandingsorboatcrashes.Meanwhile，humanswhogettooclosetodolphinscanfindthemselveswithinjuriessuchasbrokenbones.

Therefore，afterseeingthatthedolphinhadbeenaloneinforafewdays，andwasneararesidentialareawithpotentialforhumandisturbance，NOAAFisheriesServicedecidedtotakeaction.Twenty-eightbiologistsfromtheClearwaterMarineAquarium，NOAAandFWCcametogethertoformahumanchain，creatingabarrierthatwouldguidethedolphinoutofthecreek.

RescuebiologistBrittanyBaldricasaid，"Thegoalwastojustbeabarrierthatwasnoveltotheanimal，sowewantedtocreateaphysicalbarrieraswellasanauditory（聽覺的）barrier.Wehadsomebodybehindusthatwasbangingonaboat，settingofftheirengineandthenweweresplashingwaterandmovingforwardtowardstheanimal，soweweregivingtheanimaltheoptiontoswimthroughthebridgeonitsown."

Therescuewassuccessful，withthedolphinmakingitswayoutofthecreek.8.Whichofthefollowingsituationscanmakepeopleworried？______A.Moredolphinsarebecomingsolitary.

B.Dolphinsalwaysliveingroups.

C.Dolphinsarebecomingindependentfromhumans.

D.Dolphinshavenointeractionwithhumans.9.Whichmaybeaconsequenceofadolphinbeingisolated？______A.Beinghuntedbyhumans. B.Becominglesscruel.

C.Relyingonhumansforfood. D.Stayingindeepwaterslonger.10.Whatisthefunctionofthehumanchain？______A.Offeringhumaninteractiontothedolphin.

B.Preventingthedolphinfromrunningintoboats.

C.Makingthedolphindesiretomovearound.

D.Guidingthedolphinoutoftheshallowwater.11.WhatismainlyexpressedinBrittany'swords？______A.Thetroublethedolphinwasin.

B.Thepeoplewhorescuedthedolphin.

C.Thewaythedolphinwasrescued.

D.Themeaningofrescuingthedolphin.DItmaybebettertoletamildfeverrunitscourseinsteadofautomaticallyreachingformedication，newresearchofUniversityofAlbertasuggests.

Researchersfoundthatuntreatedmildfeverhelpedfishcleartheirbodiesofinfectionrapidly，controlinflammation（炎癥）andrepairdamagedtissue."Weletnaturedowhatnaturedoes，andinthiscaseitisverymuchapositivething，"saysDanielBarreda，leadauthoronthestudy.

Mildfeverisself-resolving，meaningthatthebodycanbothcauseitandshutitdownnaturallywithoutmedication，Barredaexplains.Thehealthadvantagesofnaturalfevertohumansstillhavetobeconfirmedthroughresearch，buttheresearcherssaybecausethemechanisms（機制）drivingandsustainingfeveraresharedamonganimals，itisreasonabletoexpectthatsimilarbenefitsaregoingtohappeninhumans.Thatsuggestsweshouldresistreachingforfevermedicationsatthefirstsignsofamildtemperature，hesays."Theytakeawaythediscomfortfeltfromfever，butyou'realsolikelytogiveawaysomeofthebenefitsofthisnaturalresponse."

Forthestudy，fishweregivenabacterialinfectionandtheirbehaviourwasthentrackedandevaluatedusingmachinelearning.Outwardsymptomsweresimilartothoseseeninhumanswithfever，includingimmobility，fatigueandmalaise.Thesewerethenmatchedtoimportantimmune（免疫）mechanismsinsidetheanimals.

Theresearchshowedthatnaturalfeveroffersanintegrativeresponsethatnotonlyactivatesdefencesagainstinfection，butalsohelpscurbit.Theresearchersfoundthatfeverhelpedtoclearthefishofinfectioninaboutsevendays—halfthetimeittookforthoseanimalsnotallowedtohavefever.Feveralsohelpedtoshutdowninflammationandrepairdamagedtissue."Ourgoalistodeterminehowtobesttakeadvantageofourmedicaladvanceswhilecontinuingtocontrolandusethebenefitsfromnaturalmechanismsofimmunity，"saysBarreda.12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthehealthbenefitofnaturalfevertohumans？______A.Itisimpractical. B.Itneedsproving.

C.Ithasbeenfrequentlytested. D.Itisusefulinmakingmedicine.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"curb"inthelastparagraphprobablymean？______A.Replace. B.Explore. C.Control. D.Observe.14.Howdidnaturalfeverhelpthefish？______A.Byshorteningtheinfectiontime.

B.Byimprovingtheirlivingconditions.

C.Bysendingwarningstotheirbrain.

D.Byextendingtheirlife.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.Naturedoeswhatitshoulddo.

B.Mildfeverisself-resolving.

C.Animalssharethemechanismsoffever.

D.Mildfeverhelpsclearinfectionsfaster.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）Thelifeofastudentisbusy.Toensureyouhaveahealthylifestyle，employthesetipsinyourdailyroutine.

Cutdownonsugar

（1）______.Thatistosay，whatyoueatmatters.Healthyeatingresultsinyouthfulskin，boostsenergylevelsandenhancestheimmunesystem，whichreducesdiseases.Anunhealthybodyincreasestheriskofdiseases.Whenyouareunwell，youwillmissclasses，whichinturnaffectsyouracademicperformance.Avoidingmealscontainingprocessedsugaristhebestwaytoliveahealthylife.

Saynotostress

Duetothehighexpectationsplacedonstudents，manyexperiencehighlevelsofstress.（2）______.Chronic（長期的）stresseventuallyleadstodepression，irritability，anxiety，inabilitytoconcentrateandanincreaseinriskybehavior.

（3）______

Thephrase"toomuchofanythingispoisonous"appliestothemealsyoueat.Eatingmorecarbohydrates（碳水化合物）causesyourbloodsugarlevelstogettoohigh.Toomuchfatleadstoobesity，andconsumingexcessproteinsputsyourkidneysatriskoffailing.Avoidconsumingtoomuchofaspecificmealbyoptingforabalanceddiet.

Getanexercisepartner

Althoughit'sanessentialpartofahealthylifestyle，workingoutregularlycanbeastruggleformoststudentswithabusyschedule.（4）______.Aworkoutpartnercomesintokeepyouresponsible，offercompanionshipandgiveyouthepushyouneedtomakephysicalactivitypartofyourroutine.

Don'tovercommit

Ifyoufrequentlyovercommit，youwillstretchyourselftoothinandeventuallyspendlesstimeonthingsthatreallymatter.Ifyoufindyourselfsayingyestoeveryinvitationbecauseyoudon'twanttodisappointyourfriends，theresultwillbeyoudealingwithburnout.（5）______.

A.Balanceproteins，fatandcarbohydrates

B.Makeyoursparetimefullandwonderful

C.Ahealthylifestylestartswithahealthydiet

D.EvenstudentswhomakeitaNewYearresolutionoftengiveuponthegoal

E.Sochooseahealthylifeandplanyourtimewiselytoavoidovercommitting

F.Sugardoesn'tplayabigpartinsecuringahealthybody

G.Infact，academicstresshasbecomealifestylecrisisaffectingstudentsatalllevels16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）65-year-oldDeeHarkriderhadjustfinishedashoppingtripatherlocalWalmartanddidn'trealizeshe'dleftherwalletinashoppingcart.

Soonaftershe（1）______，DelivontaeJohnson，19，drovehiscarintothelotofthesameWalmartinForrestCity，Arkansas，inneedofa（2）______tireafterhittingapothole（坑）.Afterhedroveintoaspace，Johnson（3）______ablackiteminacart：itwasawallet，containingHarkrider'sdriver'slicense，cashandbankcards.Hisimmediate（4）______was，"Ihavetotrytofindoutwhothisladyisandgiveherwalletback."

Johnson（5）______thedriver'slicensetofindherthroughFacebook.Hesenttheladya（n）（6）______，sayingthathewasdrivingnorthtoherhomeinWynneto（7）______thewallet.Butatthesametime，Harkriderwasmilesawayinthe（8）______direction，visitingafriendinPalestine.（9）______，JohnsonmadeaU-turnandthepair（10）______inarestaurantparkinglotinPalestine."Igavehimabighug，"Harkridersaid."I'm（11）______thatwehaveyoungpeopleouttherelikehim."

Despitethe（12）______difference，HarkriderhasbefriendedJohnsonandhisfamily，wholiveinForrestCity.Meanwhile，Johnson，inschooltoearnhiscommercialdrivinglicense，isheartenedbywhat'sgrownoutofhis（13）______.

"Peoplenowadayshavealotofbadthingstosayaboutteenagers，"Johnsonsays."My（14）______wastogivebackthewallettowhoeveritbelongedto.AndIthinkthatistherightthingformetodo.Ifeel（15）______now."21.

A.turnedup B.pulledover C.droveoff D.hungout22.

A.new B.big C.cheap D.fixed23.

A.accepted B.selected C.placed D.spotted24.

A.challenge B.reaction C.suggestion D.mission25.

A.discovered B.compared C.checked D.reported26.

A.invitation B.certificate C.contract D.message27.

A.return B.search C.claim D.recognize28.

A.given B.opposite C.wrong D.right29.

A.Frequently B.Occasionally C.Immediately D.Actually30.

A.met B.argued C.parted D.competed31.

A.worried B.calm C.confused D.grateful32.

A.income B.age C.national D.racial33.

A.judgment B.plan C.kindness D.wish34.

A.concern B.opportunity C.regret D.occupation35.

A.lucky B.strong C.unique D.joyful四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式，并將答案填寫在答題卡上。

Chinawillsoonshipaseriesofaidstothreedevelopingnations（1）______（assist）theminstrengtheningtheircapabilitiestodealwithclimatechange，accordingtotheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment.

"InmovestocarryoutitsplantoincreaseSouth-SouthCooperationonclimatechange，Chinawillprovide5，000setsofsolarpowergenerationsystemsforhouseholduse（2）______300metrictonsofcementforseawallconstructionforthePacificislandnationofKiribati，"theministry（3）______（announce）inamediareleaseonTuesday.

Amobilegroundsystem（4）______canreceiveandprocessdatafromsatelliteswillarriveinBotswana，thereleasesaid.ThesystemwillsupporttheAfricannationinenvironmentalmonitoring，agriculturalproductionandthe（5）______（prevent）ofextremeweatherdisasters.

ItalsosaidChinawillsendsixelectricbuses（6）______CostaRicatofacilitatethenation'sendeavoronagreen，low-carbontransitioninitstransportationsector.

"（7）______（current），theproductionofallaidsinthethreeprogramshasbeencompleted，"theministrysaid."Allthematerialswill（8）______（deliver）forshipmentsoon."

"Chinahasalwaysstrived，asitscapacityallows，tohelpotherdevelopingnationsenhancetheircapabilitiesontacklingclimatechange，"theministrystressed.

Todate，Chinahasreachednumerous（9）______（agreement）onclimatecooperationwith38developingcountries.Ithasalsoofferedtrainingprogramstosome2，300officialsandtechnicians（10）______（devote）themselvestoclimate-relatedpositionsinover120developingnations.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.上周，你校舉辦了關(guān)于"二十四節(jié)氣"（the24solarterms）的講座。請你寫一篇報道，向校英文報投稿。內(nèi)容包括：

（1）講座情況；

（2）你的收獲。

注意：

（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

______38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Andylovedtoread.Evenwhenhewasababy，hismotherwouldholdhimonherlapandshowhimpicturebooks.Thebestpartwaswhenhismomordadtuckedhimintobedandreadtohim.

Whereverhewent，healwaystookalongabook.Whenhewenttohisbigbrother'sbaseballgame，everyonewatchedtheplayers.NotAndy!Hesatonthebenchesandlookedathisbooks.

EverywhereAndywent，hecarriedablueandwhitebackpack.Allofhisfriendsputwater，asnackorgamesintheirbackpacks.NotAndy!Heputinbooks-lotsandlotsofbooks.Thereweresomanybooks，andhisbackpackwassoheavythatsometimeshecouldn'tevenstandupstraight!

HisdadfiguredoutawaytohelpAndy.Together，theybuiltalittlecart.Theyworkedveryhardonthisandhadlotsoffundoingthistogether.Itwastheperfectsizetocarryallofhisbooks.Theypaintedthecartblue，andinbigwhiteletters，theywrote，"ANDY'SAMAZINGBOOKS".Hisfriendshelpedhimdecoratethecartwithbrightandcolorfuldesigns.Theyallthoughtitwassocool，whichmadeAndyfeelsoproud.

Mrs.Rivera，histeacher，allowedAndytoleavehiscartinthebackoftheclassroom.Whenthechildrenfinishedtheirwork，theywereallowedtogotoseewhatbookswereinthecartforthatday.Therewereusuallybooksaboutspace，soccer，animals，childrenfromaroundtheworld，andmanymore.

SaturdaywasAndy'sfavoritedayoftheweek.Thatwasthedaythathewenttothepubliclibrarywithhisparents.Hecouldn'twaittovisitthelibrarytoseeMrs.Hamilton，thelibrarian.Shewassofriendlyandhelpful.Shealwaysshowedhimthenewbooksinthechildren'ssection.Afterfillingthecart，heaskedhismom，"CanIgetalibrarycardtoday？""Notyet!Youareonlyonemonthfrombeing5yearsold，"shereplied.

注意：

（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Andyaskedhismother，"OnwhichSaturdayamIgoingtogetmyveryownlibrarycard？"

_______

WhenAndywokeupthatSaturdaymorning，hewasallexcitedtohavehisbirthdayparty.

_______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、B、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段TheyandtheirmotherareforcedtomovefromtheircomfortableLondonhometoasimplecottageinthecountrywheretheirmotherwritesbookstomakeendsmeet.（他們和母親被迫從倫敦舒適的家搬到鄉(xiāng)下一所簡陋的小屋，母親在那里寫書以維持生計。）可知，《鐵路孩子》中的母親是通過寫作養(yǎng)家。A．By

starting

her

writing

career通過寫作；B．By

selling

the

comfortable

house通過賣房子；C．By

working

at

the

railway通過在鐵路工作；D．By

washing

clothes

for

the

rich通過為富人洗衣服。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Inthisbook，themother，MrsMarch，isthegluethatholdsthefamilytogetherthroughtheCivilWaraswefollowthelivesofherdaughters，Jo，Meg，AmyandBeth.TheirfatherisawayservingasaChaplaininthewarandhavinglosttheirfortune，theirmothermustuseallherresourcestokeepthefamilytogether，whichshedoesremarkablywell.（在這本書中，母親馬奇太太是南北戰(zhàn)爭期間維系家庭的粘合劑，我們跟隨她的女兒喬、梅格、艾米和貝絲的生活。他們的父親在戰(zhàn)爭中擔(dān)任牧師，失去了財產(chǎn)，他們的母親必須利用她所有的資源來維持家庭的團結(jié)，她做得非常好。）可知，《小婦人》是以戰(zhàn)爭時期為背景的。故選B。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Sometimesgarrulous，rudeandmaterialistic，yetstrangelylikeable，MrsBennetleadsherfivedaughters，Jane，Elizabeth，Mary，KittyandLydia，tosuitablemarriages.Nothingwillstandinherwayalthoughsometimesherratherfull-onapproachdoesscareawaysuitablesuitors.Sometimestouchingandatothertimesfunny，itneverfailstomakemesmile.（班納特太太有時喋喋不休、粗魯無禮、物質(zhì)至上，但卻出奇地討人喜歡。她帶領(lǐng)她的五個女兒--簡、伊麗莎白、瑪麗、基蒂和莉迪亞--找到了合適的婚姻。沒有什么能阻擋她的腳步，盡管有時她全力以赴的方式確實嚇跑了合適的追求者。有時感人，有時有趣，它總是讓我微笑。）可知，《傲慢與偏見》是關(guān)于婚姻的。故選D。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四本書的情況。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

4~7.【答案】D、C、A、B【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的manywouldsaythatit'snormalforpeopleatherage，Joanknewtherehadtobeabetterway.

（很多人會說這對她這個年紀(jì)的人來說很正常）可知，人們通常認(rèn)為瓊的病對70多歲的人來說很常見。故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的Joan

watched

her

mom

take

medication

after

medication，and

she

didn't

want

to

end

up

that

way.（瓊看著媽媽一次又一次地服藥，她不想以這種方式結(jié)束。）

可知，文中提到了瓊的母親是為了說明瓊做出改變的動機。故選C。

（3）段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的Joan

began

with

small

changes，including

walking，practicing

yoga，and

lifting

weights.After

six

months

of

hard

work，Joan

was

able

to

shed

45

pounds.Ever

since

she

started

working

out

and

eating

more

healthily

in

2017，this

tough

woman

has

managed

to

lose

a

total

of

50

pounds!Her

routine

involves

hitting

the

gym

five

days

a

week，doing

weightlifting，and

doing

15

to

30

minutes

of

sports.（瓊開始做一些小的改變，包括散步、練習(xí)瑜伽和舉重。經(jīng)過六個月的努力，瓊瘦了45磅。自從2017年開始鍛煉并吃得更健康以來，這位堅強的女人已經(jīng)成功地減掉了50磅！她的日?；顒影恐芪逄烊ソ∩矸?，舉重，以及15到30分鐘的運動。）可知，第四段主要講述的是瓊為獲得健康所做的努力。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Now，Joan

is

inspiring

women

of

all

ages

worldwide

by

proving

to

them

that

it's

never

too

late

to

change.Her

advice

to

other

women

who

want

to

make

a

change

but

don't

know

how

to

is

"to

believe

that

it

is

possible!Even

though

you

can't

turn

back

the

clock，you

can

wind

it

up

again."（

現(xiàn)在，瓊正在激勵全世界所有年齡段的女性，向她們證明改變永遠(yuǎn)不會太遲。她給其他想做出改變但不知道如何改變的女性的建議是"相信這是可能的！你無法讓時鐘反轉(zhuǎn)，但你能重新上發(fā)條。"）可知，我們能從瓊的故事看得出有志向的人能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)目標(biāo)，即B項（心之所愿，無所不成）。A．Where

there

is

life，there

is

hope.哪里有生命，哪里就有希望；B．Nothing

is

impossible

for

a

willing

heart.心之所愿，無所不成；C．The

good

seaman

is

known

in

bad

weather.壞天氣下才知道好水手；D．All

things

are

difficult

before

they

are

easy.萬事開頭難。故選B。

這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了70歲的瓊?麥克唐的健康狀況逐漸惡化，但她積極地做出改變激勵了成千上萬的人。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

8~11.【答案】A、C、D、C【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段…solitarydolphinsarebecomingmorecommon.Thiscanbeacauseforconcernbecausedolphinsarenaturallysociablecreatures.（獨自生活的海豚正變得越來越普遍。這可能是一個令人擔(dān)憂的原因，因為海豚天生就是善于交際的生物。）可知，越來越多的海豚變得獨自生活，這會讓人擔(dān)心。故選A。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段so

if

they

are

isolated

from

other

dolphins，they

may

turn

their

attention

to

human

interaction（所以如果它們與其他海豚隔離，它們可能會將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向與人類進(jìn)行互動）

及第三段的"Dolphins

can

become

dependent

on

humans

for

food"（海豚會變得依賴人類獲取食物）可知，海豚被隔離后可能依靠人類獲取食物。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Twenty-eight

biologists

from

the

Clearwater

Marine

Aquarium，NOAA

and

FWC

came

together

to

form

a

human

chain，creating

a

barrier

that

would

guide

the

dolphin

out

of

the

creek.（來自克利爾沃特海洋水族館、NOAA和FWC的28名生物學(xué)家聚集在一起，組成了一個人鏈，創(chuàng)造了一個屏障，將海豚引導(dǎo)出小溪。）可知，人鏈的功能是引導(dǎo)海豚離開淺水區(qū)。所以"D．Guiding

the

dolphin

out

of

the

shallow

water.引導(dǎo)海豚離開淺水區(qū)。"正確。故選D。

（4）段落大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Rescue

biologist

Brittany

Baldrica

said，

"The

goal

was

to

just

be

a

barrier

that

was

novel

to

the

animal，so

we

wanted

to

create

a

physical

barrier

as

well

as

an

auditory

barrier.We

had

somebody

behind

us

that

was

banging

on

a

boat，setting

off

their

engine

and

then

we

were

splashing

water

and

moving

forward

towards

the

animal，so

we

were

giving

the

animal

the

option

to

swim

through

the

bridge

on

its

own."（

救援生物學(xué)家Brittany

Baldrica說，"我們的目標(biāo)是成為一個對動物來說新穎的屏障，所以我們想創(chuàng)造一個物理屏障和聽覺屏障。我們身后有人在敲船，啟動他們的發(fā)動機，然后我們潑水，朝著動物前進(jìn)，所以我們讓動物可以選擇自己游過大橋。"）可知，布列塔尼的話主要講的是海豚獲救的方式。所以"C．The

way

the

dolphin

was

rescued.海豚獲救的方式。"正確。故選C。

文章介紹了一只海豚在佛羅里達(dá)州的溪流中被發(fā)現(xiàn)后，海洋生物學(xué)家們組成了人類鏈條來營救它。文章指出，海豚通常會成群結(jié)隊地旅行，但孤獨的海豚越來越普遍，這可能會導(dǎo)致它們對人類的互動產(chǎn)生依賴，從而對海豚和人類都有危險。因此，當(dāng)看到這只海豚已經(jīng)孤獨了幾天，并且附近有潛在的人類干擾時，NOAA漁業(yè)服務(wù)決定采取行動。28名生物學(xué)家組成了人類鏈條，成功地將海豚引導(dǎo)出溪流。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。

12~15.【答案】B、C、A、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句The

health

advantages

of

natural

fever

to

humans

still

have

to

be

confirmed

through

research，but

the

researchers

say

because

the

mechanisms

（機制）

driving

and

sustaining

fever

are

shared

among

animals，it

is

reasonable

to

expect

that

similar

benefits

are

going

to

happen

in

humans.

（自然發(fā)熱對人類健康的好處還需要通過研究來證實，但研究人員表示，由于動物之間驅(qū)動和維持發(fā)燒的機制是相同的，因此有理由期待類似的好處也會發(fā)生在人類身上。）可知，關(guān)于自然發(fā)熱對人類的健康益處還需要證明。故選B。

（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句The

research

showed

that

natural

fever

offers

an

integrative

response

that

not

only

activates

defences

against

infection，but

also

helps

curb

it.（研究表明，自然發(fā)熱提供了一種綜合反應(yīng)，不僅可以激活對感染的防御，還可以幫助抑制感染。）可知，劃線詞意思是"抑制"。結(jié)合選項A．Replace.替換；B．Explore.探索；C．Control.控制；D．Observe.觀察。分析可知，C項與劃線詞意思最接近。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句The

researchers

found

that

fever

helped

to

clear

the

fish

of

infection

in

about

seven

days—half

the

time

it

took

for

those

animals

not

allowed

to

have

fever.

（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)燒可以幫助魚在大約7天內(nèi)清除感染，這是那些不允許發(fā)燒的動物所需時間的一半）可知，自然發(fā)熱幫助魚類縮短感染時間。故選A。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第二段Researchers

found

that

untreated

mild

fever

helped

fish

clear

their

bodies

of

infection

rapidly，control

inflammation

（炎癥）

and

repair

damaged

tissue.

"We

let

nature

do

what

nature

does，and

in

this

case

it

is

very

much

a

positive

thing，"

says

Daniel

Barreda，lead

author

on

the

study.

（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，未經(jīng)治療的輕度發(fā)燒有助于魚類迅速清除體內(nèi)的感染，控制炎癥，修復(fù)受損組織。該研究的主要作者丹尼爾?巴雷達(dá)說："我們讓大自然順其自然，在這種情況下，這是一件非常積極的事情。"）可知，文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)輕度發(fā)燒有助于魚類迅速清除體內(nèi)的感染，解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義。結(jié)合選項A．Nature

does

what

it

should

do.自然會做它應(yīng)該做的事；B．Mild

fever

is

self-resolving.輕度發(fā)燒可自行消退；C．Animals

share

the

mechanisms

of

fever.動物也有發(fā)燒的機制；D．Mild

fever

helps

clear

infections

faster.輕度發(fā)燒有助于更快清除感染。分析可知，D選項符合文章的主旨。故選D。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)輕度發(fā)燒有助于魚類迅速清除體內(nèi)的感染，解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。

16~20.【答案】C、G、A、D、E【解析】（1）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)后文Thatistosay，whatyoueatmatters.Healthyeatingresultsinyouthfulskin，boostsenergylevelsandenhancestheimmunesystem，whichreducesdiseases.Anunhealthybodyincreasestheriskofdiseases.Whenyouareunwell，youwillmissclasses，whichinturnaffectsyouracademicperformance.Avoidingmealscontainingprocessedsugaristhebestwaytoliveahealthylife.（也就是說，你吃什么很重要。健康的飲食使皮膚年輕，提高能量水平，增強免疫系統(tǒng)，從而減少疾病。不健康的身體會增加患病的風(fēng)險。當(dāng)你身體不舒服時，你會缺課，這反過來會影響你的學(xué)習(xí)成績。避免含有加工糖的食物是健康生活的最佳方式。）可知，本段主要是關(guān)于健康的飲食對健康生活方式的重要性，故C．A

healthy

lifestyle

starts

with

a

healthy

diet（健康的生活方式始于健康的飲食）。符合語境，故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文Duetothehighexpectationsplacedonstudents，manyexperiencehighlevelsofstress.（由于對學(xué)生的高期望，許多人經(jīng)歷了高水平的壓力。）以及后文Chronic（長期的）stresseventuallyleadstodepression，irritability，anxiety，inabilitytoconcentrateandanincreaseinriskybehavior.（慢性壓力最終會導(dǎo)致抑郁、易怒、焦慮、無法集中注意力和危險行為的增加。）可知，上文提到了學(xué)生的壓力來源，后文則說明了壓力的危害，G選項中students對應(yīng)上文students。故G．In

fact