七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法及練習(xí)

七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法及練習(xí)1．動(dòng)詞be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。2．this,that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。(2)距離說(shuō)話人近的人或物用this,距離說(shuō)話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如：Thisisaflower.這是一朵花。(近處)Thatisatree.那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說(shuō)this,后說(shuō)that。如：Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說(shuō)Thisis…,不說(shuō)Thatis…。如：ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom.這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。(5)Thisis不能縮寫,而Thatis可以縮寫。如：Thisisabike.That’sacar.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。(6)打電話時(shí),介紹自己用this,詢問(wèn)對(duì)方用that。如：—Hello!IsthatMissGreen?喂,是格林小姐嗎？—Yes,thisis.Who’sthat?是的,我是,你是誰(shuí)？注意：雖然漢語(yǔ)中使用“我”和“你”,但英語(yǔ)中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說(shuō)：Iam…,Areyou…？/Whoareyou?(7)在回答this或that作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),要用it代替this或that。如：①—Isthisanotebook?這是筆記本嗎？—Yes,itis.是的,它是。②—What’sthat?那是什么？—It’sakite.是只風(fēng)箏。3．these和those用法this,that,these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或事物。①Thisismybed.ThatisLily’sbed.這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。②Thesepicturesaregood.那些畫很好。③Arethoseappletrees?那些是蘋果樹嗎？在回答主語(yǔ)是these或those的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如：④Arethese/thoseyourapples?這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎？Yes,theyare.是的,他們是。4．名詞＋’s所有格單數(shù)名詞后直接加“’s”：Jim’scoat吉姆的外套Jeff’smother杰夫的媽媽以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“’”Teachers’Day教師節(jié)thetwins’books雙胞胎的書不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加“’s”Children’sDay兒童節(jié)men’sshoes男式鞋表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’sLucyandLily’smother露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個(gè)媽媽)表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加’sLucy’sandKate’srooms露茜和凱特的房間（各自的房間,兩間房子）5．Therebe句型(1)Therebe句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處（某時(shí)）有某人（某物）。”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“Therebe＋某物（某人）＋某地（某時(shí)）”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義；主語(yǔ)是be后面的名詞,be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記therebe句型結(jié)構(gòu)：Therebe放句首,主語(yǔ)跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末,強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如：Thereisabookonthedesk.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn),也可把介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首。如：Onthedeskthereisabook.(2)Therebe句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢？請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣：Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are。“Therebe”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如：①Thereisatreebehindthehouse.②Thereissomewater（水）inthebottle（瓶子）.③Therearesomepearsinthebox.(3)注意：如果“be”后的主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說(shuō),“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來(lái)確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：①Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.②Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.6．like一詞的用法like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為“喜歡”。(1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如：Ilikethebabyverymuch.我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v.-ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如：Tomlikesplayingfootball.湯姆喜歡踢足球。(3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(todo),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著重于某次具體的行為。如：Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening.我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。7．句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),注意以下五要素(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we,you→you,she,he,it→they。如：Sheisagirl.→Theyaregirls.(2)am,is要變?yōu)閍re。如：I’mastudent.→Wearestudents.(3)不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如：Heisaboy.→Theyareboys.(4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：Itisanapple.→Theyareapples.(5)指示代詞this,that要變?yōu)閠hese,those。如：Thisisabox.→Theseareboxes.8．英語(yǔ)日期的表示法英語(yǔ)中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無(wú)需用冠詞。用英語(yǔ)表示日期,其順序?yàn)樵?日+年,日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。如：August2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來(lái)表示。如：10thMay,2003(2003年5月10日)英語(yǔ)日期前介詞的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞on。1月January2月February3月March4月April5月May6月June7月July8月Aguest9月September10月October11月November12月DecemberSunday,星期天Monday,星期一Tuesday,星期二Wednesday,星期三Thursday,星期四Friday,星期五Saturday,星期六9.時(shí)間的表達(dá)法(1)直讀式,即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字7:05sevenfive8:16eightsixteen(2)過(guò)、差式,即幾點(diǎn)差幾分,幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分。（以30分為分界線）1:25twenty-fivepastone2:30halfpasttwo3:43seventeentofour4:38twenty-twotofive(3)12小時(shí)制6:00a.m.上午6點(diǎn)8:20p.m.下午8點(diǎn)20分(4)24小時(shí)制13:0013點(diǎn)鐘22:1522點(diǎn)15分(5)15分可用quarter4:15aquarterpastfour5:45aquartertosix(6)時(shí)間前通常用at.at5o’clockat7:30p.m.10.want用法(1)想干什么用wanttodosthTheywanttojointhesportsclub.他們想加入運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂(lè)部。(2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ),want要作變化①Hewantstoplaybasketball.②LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.(3)變疑問(wèn)句,否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞do或does.①－Doyouwanttoplaysoccerball?－Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.②－Doeshewanttogohomebybus?－Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’tI.be動(dòng)詞(用be動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空)1._______yourgrandmotherthinorchubby?2. Where______yourbookonsnakes?3. Where______mypencilcaseandmynotebook?4. There_____ninepeopleinmyfamily.5. ---Howmuch______theexercisebookandthemagazine?----That_____ninetydollars.6. Ben______amiddleschoolstudent,andhisparents_____architects.7. Scottlikesactionmoviesbest.Hisfavoriteactors______JackieChanandJetLi.8. --Whatcolor_____yourshoes?--Black.9. --Hello.Myname_____Jack.Thisismyfriend.Hisname______Tom.--Nicetomeetyou.I_______Rick.10.______youstillalibrarian?No,I_______anaccountantnow.II.用a,an,the或者\(yùn)填空1) Thereis______wateronthefloor.2) Thereis___orangeon____desk.3) Whatdoyouknowabout_____pandas?4) Iwanttohave______chickenfordinner.5) Thereis_______fishinthebow.Look!Itcanswimveryfast.6) Thereis_____‘m’in‘climb’andthereis______‘u’in‘country’.7) Idon’tlike_______broccolibutIlike________apples.8) Mybrotheris______engineer,andmysisteris_______executivenow.9) Idon’tlike_______movie.It’sboring.10) ______Jenny’sbirthdayisNov.12th.11) --Let’sgoandplay______chess.--Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’t.It’stimeformetoplay______piano.12)Heusuallyhashis______breakfastat7:00amandgoesto______schoolat7:30.III.選擇正確的介詞填空inafteronforatwithtobehindofby1.Myfamilyoftenbuyclothes_____HuaXingstore_____weekends.3.I’mlooking_____somepresents.Theseshopsmayhavemanykinds_____things_____sale.Saveyourmoneytillthen!4.Howmanycitiesarethere______Greece?--Idon’tknow.5.Look,thebirdsare_____thetree!6.Whenisherbirthday?Ican’tremember…It’s_____January.7.Mr.Greenalwaysgoestowork______bus.Hehastogetup_____6o’clock_____themorning.9.Don’teatandread_____night.Thatisbad_____yourhealth.11.Welive_____London.Howaboutyou?Wheredoyou_____?12._____Sundaymorning,Iusuallysleeplate_____home.13.JackisshorterthanSam,butJackissitting_________Sam.14.Hereisaphoto________yourfamily.15.Therearen’tmanypeople______thetrain________fiveo’clock______themorning.IV.寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1)Cemetery________ 2)tooth_______ 3)country______ 4)month________5)sandwich_______ 6)brush_______ 7)candybar______ 8)kangaroo______9)man________ 10)day_______ 11)watch_______ 12)photo________13)orange_______14)dictionary_______15)tomato_______ 16)dollar_______17)peach_______ 18)strawberry______ 19)church______ 20)child________V.用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1. You______fromIndia.Brian_____fromKorea.AndI_____fromChina.(be)2. I______ChineseandEnglish.Brian_______German,ChineseandEnglish.(speak)3. George________fromItalybuthe_______spaghettiverymuch..(,like)4. Penguins_______inAntarctica.It’scold,sonopeoplewant__________there.(live)5. Themovieisveryscary.I__________itisagoodmovieforkids.(think)6. --CanI_____yourdictionary?--Iamsorry.MydictionaryisathomebutIthinkMary_____one.(have)7.Weareinthemusicclub.Tom__________thepiano.MichaelandDiana__________theviolin.I__________theguitar.(play)8. The1stclass_____(start)at8:00o’clockandit_____(be)overat8:40.9. Hismotherisateacher.She______(teach)Chineseinourschool.10. 11. Juliaalways______(go)shoppingbycar.Butsometimesshe______(take)abus.12. ---______(Do)yourfatherusuallyhelpyouwithyourhomework?---Yes,he______(do).13. He______(notgo)homeonweekends.Sohealways______(wash)clothesbyhimself.14. Peter______(speak)Englishverywell.Hecanalso______(speak)FrenchandGerman.15. David______(notplay）football.Heonly______(watch)thefootballgamesonTV.16. MybrotherandI______(want)togotoseeanactionmovie.______(do)youwanttogo?17. Myuncle_______(notneed)acalculator.18. ---________(Do)Peterhaveabaseball?---Yes,he_____(do),andhe________twobaseballbats.19. Mum,canyou______(take)metothetennisclub?20. ---MayIhelpyou?---Yes,I________(look)forabookongardening.VI.句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)Part1：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換。1. Howmuchisthat?_______________________________________________________________2. Isyourunclebehindthearmchair?_______________________________________________________________3. Theygototheparkbybus._______________________________________________________________4. TherearebusestoManchestereveryday._______________________________________________________________5. Akangaroocanjump30kilometersanhour._______________________________________________________________6. Herearesomegoodnewspapers._______________________________________________________________7. Theycan’twalk._______________________________________________________________8. Shedoesn’thaveanorangehat.___________________________________________________________9. Theyarearmyofficers._______________________________________________________________10. Babykoalabearsaren’tverybigbutadultpolarbearsareverystrong._______________________________________________________________Part2：將下列句子改為一般疑問(wèn)句,并作肯定和否定兩種回答。1. Ihaveadictionary.___________________________________________________________________________2. Therearealotofanimalsinthezoo.___________________________________________________________________________3. Hedoeshishomeworkatnight.___________________________________________________________________________4. Dogsliveinallpartsoftheworld.___________________________________________________________________________5. GreenfieldisasmallvillageinEngland.___________________________________________________________________________Part3：將下列句子改為否定句。1. ThereisaveryhighwaterfallinVenezuela._______________________________________________________________2. Egypthasaverylongriver._______________________________________________________________3. Shedoesherhomeworkeveryday._______________________________________________________________4. _______________________________________________________________5. Shecanswimverywell._______________________________________________________________Part4：對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。1. Thereisoneradiointhelivingroom._______________________________________________________________2. Thelibraryisbehindthepolicestation._________________________________________________