名校版高考高中英語(yǔ)綜合訓(xùn)練題含答案ty

[名校版]高考高中英語(yǔ)綜合訓(xùn)練題含答案Inhabitatsacrosstheplanet,animalsperiodicallydropeverythingtowalk,flyorswimtoanewplace.Wildlifesuchaswhalesandgeeselearnmigrationpathsbyfollowingtheirparents.Others,includingsmallsongbirds,gainthedistanceanddirectionoftheirmigrationwithintheirgeneticcode.

Andsomeanimalsuseacombinationofgeneticsandculturetoguidetheirmigration.Anothergroupofmigratorsdoesnotquitefiteithermodel,andresearchershaveonlyrecentlystartedtofigureouthowtheyfindtheirway.TaketheCory’sshearwater,anoceangoingseabirdthatmigratesovertheAtlanticeveryyear.Theyoungdonotmigratewiththeirparents,soculturecannotexplaintheirjourneys.Andtheexactpathsvarywildlyfromindividualtoindividual,makinggeneticsequallyunlikely.Cory’sshearwatersarelong-lived,rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.Researcherscall

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the“exploration-refinement”,anduntilnowithasbeenhypothetical(假設(shè)的)becauseofdifficultiesintrackingmigratoryanimals’movements.Butateamofresearchershasdonethatbyattachingsmallgeolocatorstomorethan150ofthebirdsagedfourtonine.Theyfoundthatyoungerbirdstraveledlongerdistances,forlongerperiods,andhadmorediversepathsthanolderbirds.“Wefinallyhaveevidenceofthe‘exploration-refinement’formigratorybirds,”saysLetiziaCampioni,wholedthestudy.YoungerCory’sshearwatersareabletoflyjustasfastastheadults—buttheydonot,suggestingthattheyoungdomoreexploring,whichgraduallyfadesastheymatureandsettleintoapreferredcourse.Althoughitmayseemlessefficientthanotherstrategies,“explorationrefinementcouldbebeneficialtobirdsandotherorganismsinarapidlychangingworldduetounpredictableman-madechanges,”saysBarbaraFrei.“Itmightbesafertorepeatabehaviorthatwasrecentlysuccessfulthantorelyonpatternsthatwereperfectedlongagobutmightnolongerbesafe.”32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?.A.Itdescribesanimals’habitats.B.Ittalksaboutmigrationmodels.C.Itcomparesdifferentspecies.D.Itintroducesatrackingtechnology.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3referto?A.Theopeningforlearningandpractice.B.TheuniquelivinghabitofCory’sshearwaters.C.ThewayCory’sshearwatersformtheirmigrationpatterns.D.TheprocessscientiststrackCory’sshearwaters’movements.34.WhatdoesLetizia’sstudyfindabouttheyoungerCory’sshearwaters?A.Theytravelasmuchasadultbirds.B.Theymoveinapredictablemanner.C.Theylowerthespeedforexploration.D.Theylookforacoursewiththeirparents.35.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Man-madechangesmakemigrationeasier.B.Animalsmakeasaferjourneyviaafixedtrack.C.Courseexplorationcontributestobirds’adaptability.D.Acombinationofstrategiesassuresmigrationsuccess.32-35BCCC（2022濰坊三模卷）ColinChapman,thefounderofLotusCars,wasoneofmotorracing'smostinfluentialengineers.Hesummeduphisphilosophyas"simplify,thenaddlightness".Asimple,featherweightcarmightbesloweronthestraightsthanabeefymuscle-machine,hereasoned.Butitwouldbefastereverywhereelse.Between1962and1978LotuswonsevenFormulaOneconstructorschampionships.Itappearstobeanuncommoninsightsincehumansalwaysstrugglewithsubtractivethinking.Whenaskedtoimprovesomething,theytendtosuggestaddingnewthingsratherthanremovingsome,evenwhenadditionsleadtonotsatisfyingresults.InonestudyconductedbyGabrielleAdams,alongwithcolleaguesattheUniversityofVirginia,participantswereaskedtochangeapatternonagrid(網(wǎng)格)ofcolouredsquarestomakeitbalanced.Althoughthatcouldbedoneequallywellbyaddingnewsquaresorbydeletingexistingones,78%chosetheadditiveoption.Butwhypeopleforgetthatlessisoftenmore?OneexperimentaskedparticipantstoredesignanunbalancedLegostructuresothatitcouldsupportahouse-brick.Participantscouldearnadollarforfixingtheproblem,buteachpieceofLegotheyaddedcutthatrewardbytencents.Eventhen,only41%workedoutthatsimplifyingthestructurebyremovingasingleblock,ratherthancomplicatingitbyaddingmore,wasthewaytomaximisethepayout.Practiceimprovedpeople'schancesofspottingsubtractivesolutions,suggestingthatmanyweresimplynotthinkingofthepossibility,atleastatfirst.Whatallthisamountstoisevidencefor"additivethinking"enteringthelistof"cognitivebiases"(認(rèn)知偏差).The2002NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScienceswasawardedfordemonstratingthathumansarenotthinkinglogicallyaseconomistsdo.Insteadofthinkingaproblemthroughandcomingupwithanidealsolution,theytendtousecognitiveshortcutsthatarefastand—mostly—"goodenough".12.WhyisChapman'scasementionedinparagraph1?A.Toprovehisphilosophy.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupporttheargument.D.Toprovideanexample.13.WhatweretheparticipantsaskedtodoinAdams'sstudy?A.Tobalanceapattern.B.Toplusnewsquares.C.Todeleteoriginalsquares.D.Tochangeapattern'scolour.14.Whatcanweknowaboutsubtractivethinkingfromparagraph3?A.Itcanmakethingsmorecomplex.B.Itisashortcuttogainingaf