版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
《英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)》復(fù)習(xí)資料1Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.Directions:Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwords.The1isthesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords.2arewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.Theproblemofinterrelationofthevariousmeaningsofthesamewordcanbedealtwithfromtwodifferentangles:3approachandsynchronicapproach.
“Mal-”in“maltreat”isa4prefix,while“inter-”in“interstate”isa5prefix.OldEnglishisdescribedasalanguageoffullendings,MiddleEnglishlanguageof6endings,andalanguageof7endings.InmodernEnglish,onemayfindsome8wordswhosesoundssuggesttheirmeaning,forthesewordswerecreatedbyimitatingthenaturalsoundsornoises.Thewordmeaningismadeupof9meaningand10meaning,andthelaterhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningand11meaning.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeor12.13isthoughttobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation.14istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.15referstothejargonofcriminals.Itsuseisconfinedtothesub-culturalgroups,andoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit.“Pretty”and“handsome”sharethesame16meaning,butdifferin17meaning.___18___analysisisaprocessofbreakingdownthesenseofawordintoitsminimalcomponentswhicharealsoknownassemanticfeatures..Radiationand19arethetwocoinageswhichthedevelopmentofwordmeaningfollowsfrommonosemytopolysemy.20dealswiththerelationshipofinclusion,i.e.themeaningofamorespecificwordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword.Ⅱ.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTfor“true”andFfor“false”.Homonymsaredescendantsofdifferentsourceswhereasapolysemantisawordofthesamesourcewhichhasacquireddifferentmeaningsinthecourseofdevelopment.Wordsofthebasicwordstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords,sotheyhavestrongproductivity.“Can-opener”usedasslangtomean“all-purposekey”.Nativewordsareneutralinstyle.TheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofmostlanguagesofEurope,theFarEast,andIndia.BorrowinghasplayedavitalroleinthedevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary,particularlyinearliertimes.Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsismorpheme.Stemisaformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.Baseiswhatremainsofawordaftertheremovalofallaffixes..“Fore-”in“forehead”and“fore-”in“foreknowledge”belongtotwokindsofprefix.Word-buildingandword-formationarerelativesynonyms.Thewordmanuscriptwhichoriginallydenotes“handwriting”onlyhasundergoneaprocessofextensionofmeaning.Parent—childandhusband—wifearetwopairsofconverses.Policeman,constable,bobbyandcoparesynonymsdifferinginintensity.Ⅲ.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthebasicwordstock?Whyareprefixesandsuffixesdividedaccordingtodifferentcriteria?Listthefoursourcesofsynonyms.Whatarethecharacteristicsofconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning?Ⅳ.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotherequirement.Classifythethreepairsofantonymsaccordingtotypesofantonymsyouhavelearnedanddescribethecharacteristicsofeachtypeofthem.interviewer/interviewee;male/female;old/young
答案I.Fillintheblanks.1.morpheme2.denizens3.diachronic4.pejorative5.locative6.leveled7.lost8.onomatopoeic9.grammatical10.lexical11.associative12.pejorative13.backformation14.blending15.argot16.conceptual17.collocative18.componential19.concatenation20.hyponymyDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTfor“true”andFfor“false”.1-5TTTFT6-10TFFFT11-15TFFTFAnswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthebasicwordstock?Allnationalcharacter2)stability3)productivity4)polysemy5)collocabilityWhyareprefixesandsuffixesdividedaccordingtodifferentcriteria?Prefixesprimarilyeffectasemanticmodificationofthebase,i.e.prefixesdonotgenerallychangetheword-classofthebasebutonlymodifyitsmeaning.Suffixeshaveonlyasmallsemanticroleandtheirprimaryfunctionistochangethegrammaticalfunctionofthebase,i.e.thechangeofthewordclasswithaslightmodificationofmeaning.Soprefixesarecategorizedonasemanticbasiswhilesuffixesaredividedonagrammaticalbasis.1)Borrowing;(2)dialectsandregionalEnglish(3)figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwords(4)coincidencewithidiomaticexpressionsWhatarethecharacteristicsofconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning?Conceptualmeaningisthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofwordmeaning.Beingconstantandrelativelystable,conceptualmeaningformsthebasisforcommunicationasthesamewordgenerallyhasthesameconceptualmeaningtothespeakersinthesamespeechcommunity.(3%)Associativemeaningdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisopen-endedandindeterminate,liabletotheinfluenceofsuchfactorsasculture,experience,religion,geographicalregion,classbackground,education,etc…(3%)Ⅳ.Analyzethefollowingquestionsandexplainthemaccordingtotherequirement.1.Interviewer&intervieweeareconverses;male&femalearecomplementaries;old&youngarecontraries.Complementariestrulyrepresentoppositenessofmeaning.Theyaresooppositetoeachotherthattheyaremutuallyexclusiveandadmitnopossibilitybetweenthem.Theassertionofoneisthedenialoftheotherorviceversa.Complementariesarenongradable,andtheycannotbeusedincomparativedegreesanddonotallowadverbsofintensitylike“very”toqualifythem.Contrariesaregradableantonyms.Theexistenceofoneisinrelationtotheother.Wecansay:Amanisrichorveryrichandalsowecansayamanisrichthantheother.Contrariesarecharacteristicofsemanticpolarity.Theseantonymsformpartofascaleofvaluesbetweentwopolesandcanaccommodateamiddlegroundbelongingneithertoonepolenortotheother.Conversesconsistofrelationalopposites.Thepairsofwordsindicatereciprocalsocialrelationshipsthatoneofthemcannotbeusedwithoutsuggestingtheother.Italsoincludesreverseterms,whichcompriseadjectivesandadverbssignifyingaqualityorverbsandnounssignifyinganactorstatethatreverseorundothequality,actionorstateoftheother.
復(fù)習(xí)資料2I.單選題1.Inthesentence“Iliketoseeamovie.”,thereare________functionalwords.A.2B.3C.4D.52.Conversionisamethod________________________.A.ofturningwordsofonepartofspeechtothoseofadifferentpartofspeechB.ofconvertingwordsofonemeaningintodifferentmeaningC.ofderivingwordsthroughgrammaticalmeansD.ofchangingwordsinmorphologicalstructure3.ThefollowingwordshavederivationalaffixesEXCEPT________________.A.subseaB.prewarC.postwarD.desks4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?A.Conversionreferstotheuseofwordsofoneclassasthatofadifferentclass.B.Wordsmainlyinvolvedinconversionarenouns,verbsandadverbs.C.Partialconversionandfullconversionareconcernedwithadjectiveswhenconvertedtonouns.D.Theconversionbetweennounsandverbsmayinvolveachangeofstress.5._________isthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofword-meaning.A.GrammaticalmeaningB.DenotativemeaningC.AssociativemeaningD.Connotativemeaning6.Thewordswhathaveemotivecontentinthemselvesaresaidtocontain__meaning.A.collocativeB.affectiveC.stylisticD.denotative7.__________explainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandfigurativesenseoftheword.A.EtymologicalmotivationB.OnomatopoeticmotivationC.MorphologicalmotivationD.Semanticmotivation8.ThefollowingwordshaveinflectionalaffixesEXCEPT__________.A.worksB.workerC.workingD.worked9.“Smog”isformedbycombining“smoke”and“fog”.SoitisanexampleofA.clippingB.compoundingC.blendingD.back-formation10.Theword“smog”iscreatedbyblending,withthestructureof__________.A.head+tailB.head+headC.head+wordD.word+tail11.Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dayEnglishisthecreationofnewwordsbymeansof________________.A.translation-loansB.emanticloansC.wordformationD.borrowings12.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoasemanticfield?A.steed,charger,palfrey,plug,nagB.pony,mustang,mule,stud,mareC.policeman,constable,bobby,copD.domicile,residence,abode,home13.Wordswhichareusedtoshowtheattitudeofapprovalare________________.A.appreciativeB.pejorativeC.conntativeD.collocative14.GeneralfeaturesofEnglishcontainsthefollowingexcept_________.A.simplicityB.receptivityC.adaptabilityD.imprssiveness15.Themostproductivemeansofword-formationinmodernEnglisharethefollowingexcept.A.compoundingB.affixationC.acronymD.conversionII判斷題1.TheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofmostlanguagesofEurope,theFarEast,andIndia.(
)2.Thewordmanuscriptwhichoriginallydenotes“handwriting”onlyhasundergoneaprocessofextensionofmeaning.(
)3.ThebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishPeriodwasmarkedbytheNormanConquestwhichbroughtmanyLatinwordsintotheEnglishlanguage.(
)4.Wordsofthebasicwordstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords,sotheyhavestrongproductivity.(
)5.Grammaticalmeaningorawordincludespartofspeech,tensemeaning,andstylisticcoloring.(
)6.WordscreatedbycompoundingoccupythehighestpercentageoftheEnglishvocabulary.(
)7.Themarkedtermofeachpairofantonymscoversthesenseoftheunmarkedterm.(
)8.Policeman,constable,bobbyandcoparesynonymsdifferinginintensity.(
)9.BorrowinghasplayedavitalroleinthedevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary,particularlyinearliertimes.(
)10.“Radiation”showsthatthederivedmeaningsofapolysemanticwordarenotdirectlyrelatedtotheprimarymeaning.(
)III簡(jiǎn)答題1.Whatarethecharacteristicsofconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning?2.Listdifferenttypesofassociativemeaninganddefinethem.答案I.1-5AADDB6-10BDBCA11-15CBADCⅡ.1-5TFFTF6-10TFFTFⅢ.1.Whatarethecharacteristicsofconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning?Conceptualmeaningisthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofwordmeaning.Beingconstantandrelativelystable,conceptualmeaningformsthebasisforcommunicationasthesamewordgenerallyhasthesameconceptualmeaningtothespeakersinthesamespeechcommunity.Associativemeaningdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisopen-endedandindeterminate,liabletotheinfluenceofsuchfactorsasculture,experience,religion,geographicalregion,classbackground,education,etc…2.Listdifferenttypesofassociativemeaninganddefinethem.Explaindifferenttypesofhomonymswithexamples.Perfecthomonymsareknownasabsolutehomonyms,andtheyarewordsidenticalbothinsoundandspelling.E.gbear(toputupwith)andbear(akindoffruit)Homographsarewordsidenticalonlyinspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaning,e.g.sow(toscatterseeds)andsow(femaleadultpig)Homophonesarewordsidenticalonlyinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaning,e.g.dear(alovedperson)anddeer(akindofananimal)復(fù)習(xí)資料3I.Fillintheblanks.Directions:Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwords.The__1isthesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords.2arewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.Theproblemofinterrelationofthevariousmeaningsofthesamewordcanbedealtwithfromtwodifferentangles:3approachandsynchronicapproach.
“Mal”in“maltreat”isa4prefix,while“inter-”in“interstate”isa5_prefix.OldEnglishisdescribedasalanguageoffullendings,MiddleEnglishlanguageof___6__endings,andalanguageof__7__endings.
InmodernEnglish,onemayfindsome8wordswhosesoundssuggesttheirmeaning,forthesewordswerecreatedbyimitatingthenaturalsoundsornoises.Thewordmeaningismadeupof9meaningand10meaning,andthelaterhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningand11meaning.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeor__12.13isthoughttobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation.___14__istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.15referstothejargonofcriminals.Itsuseisconfinedtothesub-culturalgroups,andoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit.“Pretty”and“handsome”sharethesame_16_meaning,butdifferin_17_meaning.___18___analysisisaprocessofbreakingdownthesenseofawordintoitsminimalcomponentswhicharealsoknownassemanticfeatures.Radiationand___19___arethetwocoinageswhichthedevelopmentofwordmeaningfollowsfrommonosemytopolysemy.__20____dealswiththerelationshipofinclusion,i.e.themeaningofamorespecificwordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword.Ⅱ.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseandwriteTorFontheanswersheet:Homonymscomemainlyfromborrowing,changesinsoundandspelling,anddialects.“Radiation”showsthatthederivedmeaningsofapolysemanticwordarenotdirectlyrelatedtotheprimarymeaning.Borrowingisaveryimportantsourceofsynonyms.Awordwhichhasasynonymnaturallyhasanantonym.Hyponymydealswiththerelationshipofsemanticinclusion.Motivationexplainstheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticformanditsmeaning.Grammaticalmeaningorawordincludespartofspeech,tensemeaning,andstylisticcoloring.Theoriginsofthewordsareakeyfactorindistinguishinghomonymsfrompolysemants.Themarkedtermofeachpairofantonymscoversthesenseoftheunmarkedterm.Ifthewordsdifferinrangeandintensityofmeaning,thewordsarenotidenticalindenotation.ThebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishPeriodwasmarkedbytheNormanConquestwhichbroughtmanyLatinwordsintotheEnglishlanguage.Componentialanalysisistobreakdown.theconceptualsenseofawordintoitsminimaldistinctivecomponents.CelticlanguagemadegreatcontributionstotheexpansionoftheEnglishvocabulary.Nativewordsenjoythesamefeaturesasthebasicwordstockandmore.Shorteningincludesclippingandblending.Ⅲ.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1.Analyzethemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemesintermsoffreeandboundmorphemes.
unbearableinternationalex-prisoner.2.Howwouldyouexplainthedifferencebetweenbackformationandsuffixation?Giveexamplestoillustrate
yourpoint.3.Listdifferenttypesofassociativemeaninganddefinethem.4.Explaindifferenttypesofhomonymswithexamples.Ⅳ.Analyzethefollowingquestionsandexplainthemaccordingtotherequirement.1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhomonymsandpolysemants?
答案I.Fillintheblanks.1.morpheme2.denizens3.diachronic4.pejorative5.locative6.leveled7.lost8.onomatopoeic9.grammatical10.lexical11.associative12.pejorative13.backformation14.blending15.argot16.conceptual17.collocative18.componential19.concatenation20.hyponymyⅡ.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseandwriteTorFinthebrackets:1.F2.F3.T4.F5.T6.T 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.T11.F12.F13.F14.T15.TⅢ.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1.Analyzethemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemesintermsoffreeandboundmorphemes.
unbearableinternationalex-prisoner.
un+bear+able:(1)‘bear’isafreemorpheme,and‘un’,‘a(chǎn)ble’arebounder+nation+al:‘nation’isafreemorpheme,and‘inter,al’areboundmorphemes.ex+prison+er:‘prison’isafreemorpheme,and‘ex,er’areboundmorphemes.2.Howwouldyouexplainthedifferencebetweenbackformationandsuffixation?Giveexamplestoillustrate
yourpoint.Back-formationisconsideredtobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation.Suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestobases.Backformationisthereforethemethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes,socalledbecausemanyoftheremovedendingsarenotsuffixesbutinseparablepartsoftheword.Forexample,itisacommonpracticetoadd–er,-ortoverbbasestoformagentialnouns.Reasonably,peoplemakeverbsbydroppingtheendingsuchas–orineditor,-arinbeggarand–erinbutler.3.Listdifferenttypesofassociativemeaninganddefinethem.Connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaning,traditionallyknownasconnotations.Stylisticmeaningreferstostylisticf
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 微項(xiàng)目1《探索數(shù)據(jù)表格構(gòu)建》說(shuō)課稿-2024-2025學(xué)年泰山版(2019)初中信息技術(shù)第三冊(cè)
- 企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)培訓(xùn)考核試卷
- 保險(xiǎn)法律咨詢考核試卷
- 2025年度石膏行業(yè)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研與營(yíng)銷策劃合同3篇
- Unit 1 Making friends Part A Lets talk(說(shuō)課稿)-2024-2025學(xué)年人教PEP版(2024)英語(yǔ)三年級(jí)上冊(cè)
- 8網(wǎng)絡(luò)新世界 網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的是與非(說(shuō)課稿)-部編版道德與法治四年級(jí)上冊(cè)
- 天然氣在城鄉(xiāng)供暖領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用前景考核試卷
- 2025年西師新版六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)階段測(cè)試試卷含答案
- 2025年滬科版九年級(jí)化學(xué)上冊(cè)月考試卷含答案
- 2025年人教新課標(biāo)八年級(jí)生物下冊(cè)月考試卷含答案
- 《國(guó)有控股上市公司高管薪酬的管控研究》
- 餐飲業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)管理方案
- 人教版【初中數(shù)學(xué)】知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)-全面+九年級(jí)上冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)全冊(cè)教案
- 食品安全分享
- 礦山機(jī)械設(shè)備安全管理制度
- 計(jì)算機(jī)等級(jí)考試二級(jí)WPS Office高級(jí)應(yīng)用與設(shè)計(jì)試題及答案指導(dǎo)(2025年)
- 造價(jià)框架協(xié)議合同范例
- 糖尿病肢端壞疽
- 《創(chuàng)傷失血性休克中國(guó)急診專家共識(shí)(2023)》解讀課件
- 小學(xué)六年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)100道題解分?jǐn)?shù)方程
- YY 0838-2021 微波熱凝設(shè)備
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論