新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版視聽說4

Unit1HowwebehaveiswhoweareListeningtotheworldSharingP=Pasha;W1=Woman1,etc.;M1=Man1,etc.Part1P:Hello.Citylifecanbequiteimpersonal,soItrytosmileatpeopleandthankthemwhenevertheybehavekindly,butsomeformsofanti-socialbehaviorreallydogetonmynerves.TodayI'mtalkingtopeopleaboutgoodandbadbehavior.Whatkindofbehaviorinpublicplacesgetsonyournerves?Part2W1:Ithinkwhatmostlygetsonmynervesiswhenpeoplelistentotheirmusicreallyloudlyonastereowhenyou'reonthetrain,orinalift.Ithinkthat'sabitantisocial.M1:Um,probablynoisemorethananythingactually.Um,Isupposeit'soneofthosesortsofthingsyouseeineffectintowns,areasnowgetlouderandlouder一probablylaterintothenightaswell.W2:Well,screamingbabies,in,likeshopsandjustgenerallyaroundandtheparents,kindofstandingthereandnotreally,justkindofignoringthechildandyoujustwantto,just,tellthebabytojust“shutup”but,obviously,youcan't.M2:Loudnoise:peoplewithloudvoices.Er,people,er,badmanners.W3:Whenyou'reonpublictransport,likeonatrain,andcouplesstartkissinginfrontofyou.M3:Smokingwithinthevicinity.Um,assomeonewhopersonallydoesn'tsmoke,er,Ifindit,itcan,er...itcangetonmynervesattimes.Part3P:Givearecentexampleofwhenyouexperiencedgoodorbadmanners.M3:Theotherday,justasanexample,um,recentlackofmannersIthink,wasina…alocalparkander,therewasarubbishbinnearby,butthatpersoninsteadoftakingtheextraefforttojustsimplywalkoveranddropitin,decidedcarelesslytojustdroptheirrubbishonthegroundwheretheywere.M1:Itravelalotonthetrainsandthingslikethat,soIfind,increasingly,theactualnoiseontrainsfrompeopleusingmobilephones,thingslikethatreally.W1:Well,recently,it's…I'veseenitafewtimes,youknow,when,whenyou'reshoppingorwhenyou'reinarestaurantandyou'retryingto…andyou'respeakingtothepersonthat'sservingyouandmaybesomebody's,they'reontheirphone,orthey'renotreallypayingattention.Youseethatquitealot,Ithink,inLondonparticularly.W3:Onthebusthismorning,whenanoldgentlemangotonandsomeonegotuptogivehimaseat.Part4P:Doyouthinkourattitudetowardsbehaviorchangesaswegetolder?W1:Yeah,Ithinkitdoes.Ithinkasyougetolder,youbecome,probably,abitmoreintolerantofcertain,sortof,anti-socialbehaviorand,as,whenyou'reyoungeryou'reprobablynotasawareofit.M2:Ithinktheolderpeople,er,definitelyappreciatemanners,goodbehaviorandagoodattitude.M1:Isupposeso.Isupposewelearnhowtobemoretolerantofit.Um,wecanbe,probably,moreshort-temperedofitbecausewe'veprobablyhaditallofourlivesandwewantitto,sortof,cometoanend,butIthinkwelearnhowto,sortof,eitherwalkawayfromitorignoreit,thatsortofthings.W2:Yeah,definitely.W4:Itbecomesmoreimportantasyougetolder.Youhavetoimpressmorepeople,therefore,bemorepolite.W2:Yeah,andyougainaconscienceasyougetolderaswell.Askids,like,youjustsaywhateveryouwanttoeachother,kids,butyoukindofrealizewhatyoucanandcan'tsayasyougetolder.ListeningI=Interviewer;S1=Speaker1,etc.Part1I:NowI'vealwaysthoughtithastodowithwhattimeofdayyou'reborn.Iarrivedat10o'clockatnightandconsequentlyI'manowl—comingtolifelateintheeveningandcapableofdancingtilldawn一whichisapityreallybecausethisjobrequiresthatIamalark,gettingupeverymorningat5:30.Well,whichareyouandwhy?Part2S1:Iamupusuallybetweenfiveandhalfpastmostmornings.I'mbrightandbreezy.Isinginthemorning.I'mwideawake.Ilovewatchingthesunrise.Wheneverwegoonholiday,myhusbandthinksI'mmadbecausequiteoftenIgetupwithacamera,andI'moutthereathalfpastfour,fiveo'clockinthemorningwatchingthesunriseandtakingphotographs.AndIjustloveit.Itisjustsopeacefulandsobeautiful.It'salovelypartoftheday.S2:Definitelynotamorningperson.Evening,withoutadoubt.Idespisegettingupwithapassion.Thereisareal,realsenseofdread,and,ohno,andthere'ssortoflotsofdenialabout…no,itdidn'treallygooff.AndIsortofsetitagainforfiveminuteslater,thenIsetitagainforanotherfiveminuteslater,andIstaythereuntiltheabsolutelastsecond.S3:IfI'mgroggilyoutatnineor10inthemorning,Idolookatotherpeoplewalkingtheirdogs,or,walkingalongwithabounceintheirstepandIjustthink,“Wheredoesitcomefrom?Howcanyoudothat?ShouldIjusteatmorevegetablesormorefruitorshouldIgetupearliertobemoreawake?”Noneofitworks.S4:Myfatherandmymotherareverymuchsortofearlybirds,andsowhenIwasateenagerI'dsleepinandI'dhavecommentsallthetimelike,“You…you'resleepingyourlifeaway”,“You'vewastedthebestpartoftheday”,andit'stakenmeuntilvery,veryrecentlyactuallytobeabletostoptheguiltatgettinguplate...S5:Lateeveningisbestformetobefocusingratherthanpartying.That'swhenI'mreallythinkingstraight.Everyone'sgoingtosleepathomeherewhenI'mreallymentallybecomingmostawake.That'swhenIreallyfeelatmysharpest.S6:Attheendoftheday,nineo'clock,10o'clock,I'mexhausted,andsoIwanttogotobed.Anybodymentions“party”tomeandIcringe.S7:DavidandIalwaysjokedbeforewehadchildrenthatitwouldbegreatbecausehewouldbegreatinthemorningsandIwouldbegreatintheevenings,andtoacertainextentthat'strue,butfindingtimeinthemiddlejusttotalktooneanotheristrickier.I:Whatareyou,larkorowl?Andwhataretheeffects?Doletusknowonthemessageboardonthewebsite.ViewingDesmondMorris:Backinthelate1960s,IwassittinginthisveryrestaurantontheislandofMaltatalkingtomypublisher.Idrewhisattentiontothefactthat,overtheothersideoftheroadthereweretwomenwhoweregesticulatinginaparticularway.Thewaytheywereholdingtheirpalmstoonesidewasfascinatingme,andhesaid,“Youknow,youlookatpeoplethewaythatabird-watcherlooksatbirds,”andIsaid,“Yeah,Isupposeyoucouldcallmea‘manwatcher'.”AssoonasIsaidit,itwasasifI'dfiredastartinggunonamajornewproject,onethatwastoengrossmeformanyyearstocomeandtakemetoover60differentcountries.Iwasgoingtodoforactionswhatdictionarymakershaddoneforwords.Ibeganmakinghugechartsnamingeveryfacialexpression,everygesticulation,everymovement,everyposture.Ikeptatitformonthaftermonth.OneofthefirstproblemsIencounteredwasthateventhesimplesthumanaction,suchasthehandshake,hascountlessvariations.Sometimesit'sreducedtoamerepalmtouch,aswiththeseMasaieldersinEastAfrica.Butinothercountriesitbecomesmoreelaborate.InMaliinWestAfricathehandshakerbrieflytoucheshisownforearmasthepalmsclasp.InMoroccothehandshakerskissoneanother'shandsatthesametimeasclaspingthem.AndinTurkey,theseKurdishfarmershavetakenthissimpleactionandconverteditintowhatamountstoaminorritual.It'sthelocalrulethattheycan'tstartbargaininguntilthey'reshakinghands,andtheyhavetokeepondoingsountilthedealisstruck.Theessentialfeatureofhandshakingisthatit'sanegalitarianact.Regardlessoftheirsocialstanding,thetwopeopleinvolvedaremomentarilyperformingidenticalactions.Despitetheirvariations,allthesegreetingshaveonethingincommon:They'reallfine-tunedtotheprecisecontextinwhichtheyoccur.Becauseasinglemessageisgiveninadifferentwayindifferentcountries.Thecrazysign:Howdoyousaytosomebody,“You'recrazy"?Well,hereinRomeyoudothis,but,inEnglandIwouldprobablydothis—thetemplescrew,sayinghe'sgotascrewloose一orImightsayhisbrainisgoingroundandround,orImight,tapmyheadsaying,“Whatdoeshethinkhe'sgotinsidehisskull?”Insomecountriesyoudoitwithtwohands;itvariesfromplacetoplaceand,ifyougotoJapanyouhavetobecarefulbecauseifyoudoitthiswayitmeanshe'sintelligent;youhavetodoitinananticlockwisedirectioninJapanifyouwanttosaythatsomebodyiscrazy.So,allovertheworldthesamemessageisgiveninaslightlydifferentway.SpeakingforcommunicationRole-plavJ=Jim;L=LizJ:Here'syourcoffee.L:Ah,thanks,Jim.Oh,Ineededthat.J:Noproblem.Hey,Liz,there'ssomethingI'vebeenmeaningtotalktoyouabout.L:Ohyeah?J:It'sjustthat...well...youknowyouborrowedsomemoneyfrommelastweek?L:Oh,right.Itwas10euros,wasn'tit?Idon'tactuallyhavethatonmeatthemoment.J:It'snotthat,it's...Ihopeyoudon'ttakethisthewrongway,but,um…L:Right.J:…it'sjustthatthisisn'tthefirsttimeI'velentyoumoneyander,well,youhaven'tpaiditback.I,Imean,Iknowit'snotalot,justsmallamountseachtimebutitkindofaddsupquitequickly...I,Idunno.DoyouknowwhatImean?L:Yeah.Sorry.Ididn'trealize.IknowI'mterriblewithmoney.I,Ijustforget.Look,IpromiseI'llgiveitback,but…couldyouwaitaweekuntilIgetpaid?J:Well,actually,you'vesaidthatoncebefore.I,Idon'twantyoutogetthewrongidea,but...it,youknow,neverhappened.Anditmakesthingsslightlyawkward.Imean,itmakesmefeeljustabitannoyed.DoyouseewhereI'mcomingfrom?L:Oh.Yeah.Isupposeso.J:Look,I'vegotasuggestion.I'dfeelbetterifwecouldworkouthowmuchisowedandthenyoucouldpaymebackalittleeachweek,youknow,howevermuchyoucanafford.Howdoesthatsound?L:Yeah,yeah.Thatsoundsreasonable.J:OK,great.Sowell,whydon'twestart…?FurtherpracticeinlisteningShortconversationsConversation1W:TheonlythingIcandoatnightistolieinbedandread,preferablywhilealsoeatingasnack.Ineverhavetimeforexercising.M:Don'tthinkit'sworthexercisingonlyifyoucanrunfivemilesorifyoucanbikeforanhour.Evengoingfora10-minutewalkisworthwhile.Q:Whatadvicedoesthemangivetothewoman?Conversation2W:Hi,Mark,I'vegainedquitesomeweightrecently.So,howcanIeathealthilyatsocialevents?M:Well,drinkafullglassofwaterbeforeyougo.Focusmainlyonfreshfruitandvegetablesorbreadwithwholegrains.Thesewillhelpyoustayfeelingfull.Q:Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?Conversation3W:IheardthatinSouthAfricasmokingisbannedinallenclosedpublicspaces.M:Yes,that'sright.Butpubsandbarswithseparate,enclosedsmokingroomsareexcludedfromtheban,andmostrestaurantsprovidesmokingsections,eitherindoorareaswithgoodaircirculationoroutdooropenareas.Q:WhatcanwelearnaboutthesmokingrulesinSouthAfrica?Conversation4M:So,yourresearchshowsthatevenwhenchildrenarenotdirecttargetsofviolenceinthehome,theycanbeharmedbywitnessingitsoccurrence?W:Yes,that'sright.Forexample,theycansufferimmediateandpermanentphysicalharm.Theycanalsoexperienceshort-andlong-termemotionalandbehavioralproblems.Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?Conversation5W:Skippingbreakfastiscommonamongpeoplewhoaretryingtoloseweight,butitdoesn'tseemtobeasuccessfulstrategy.M:No,itisn't.Whileanybreakfastmaybebetterthannobreakfast,ahealthybreakfastcanbesomethingsimplelikeahard-boiledegg,apieceof100percentwholegraintoastalongwithacupof100percentfruitjuice.Q:Whatisrecommendedforahealthybreakfast?LongconversationM:Iloveworkingout!W:Ugh!You'resweatingalloverthefloor…M:Ijustranfivemiles!AfriendtoldmeaboutthisgreatparkonJeffersonStreet.Iloveexploringnewparks!W:Itryrunningatthegymthreedaysaweek,butit'ssoboringlookingattheTVmonitororthewallinfrontofmeforanhour.M:Youshouldrunoutside!Beinginnature,enjoyingthebeautifulflowersandthetrees,Ifeelmymindrelaxandthestressjustfallsaway.W:Itisniceoutside.Mymomlovest'aichiandanearbyt'aichigroupmeetseverymorningat6a.m.I'vetriedgoing,butit'stooearlyformetogetoutofbed…M:T'aichiisreallygood.Youneedsomekindofexercise.It'sunhealthyforyoutositinfrontofyourcomputerallday,everyday!W:Well,Irecentlyspendmyweekendsawayfrommycomputer.M:Ohreally?Andwhathaveyoudonerecentlythatdidn'tinvolveacomputerorTVscreen?W:Pandas!IjustwenttotheSanDiegoZoowithmysisteronSaturday!TheyhaveoneofthebestpandaexhibitsintheUS.ThemotherpandaisfromWolong,China,andhadhadsixbabypandasby2012sincearrivingattheSanDiegoZooinSeptemberof1996.M:Oh,Ibetbabypandasareamazing!Hey!Maybeyoushouldgetazoomembershipandgojogginginthezoo!W:Azoomembership!Nowthat'sagreatidea!IlovetheSanDiegoZoo.It'snearmyhouse,IcangetgoodexerciseandIcanwatchthebabypandasgrowup!Q1:Whathasmadethemansweatalloverthefloor?Q2:Whydoesn'tthewomangotopracticet'aichiwithhermom?Q3:Whatdoesthewomannormallydoonweekends?Q4:Whydoesthemansuggestthewomangetazoomembership?Passage1Haveyoueverfeltyoudon'thaveenoughhoursintheday?Orthatyou'dgiveanythingforawholedaytocatchupwithyourself?Well,herearesomeideasthatworkforme.Firstofall,makeato-dolisteverydayandsetclearpriorities.Thetrickhereisn'tmakingthelist;that'stheeasypart.Thetrickismakingthepriorities.Ilookatmylistandputastarnexttoanythingthatisreallyurgent.ThenIputthenumber“2”nexttoanythingthatwilljusttakeacoupleofminutes.IactuallydothesequicktasksbeforeIgetonwiththeurgentones;it'sabitlikeclearingoffthetopofyourdeskbeforesittingdowntowritethatimportantletter.Second,knowwhenisthemostproductivetimeofdayforyouanddoyourworkorstudythen.OneoftheshockingdiscoveriesImadeaboutmyselfisthatifIgetupat5a.m.,Icandoaday'sworkandevenfitbreakfastinbeforehalfpastnine.Ofcourse,ifyouareanearlybird,itcanbedifficulttoaccomplishtasksthatinvolvephoning“nightowls”,butthat'swhatemail'sfor!Finally,donotletyourinboxrunyourlife.IjustrealizedrecentlyhowfrequentlyIinterruptedmyrealworktocheckmyinboxandrespondtothemosttrivialofemails.So,nowIonlyopenitwhenabsolutelynecessaryandthissavesmehours.Ifyourworkdependsonyoubeingconstantlyaccessiblebyemail,thenyoucan'tdothis;butbehonestandaskyourself,“AmIanemailaddict?”Withthesesimple,practicaltechniques,youwillbecomemoreefficient,lessstressedandbeabletowinsome“me-time”foryourself.Q1:Whattasksdoesthespeakertendtodofirsteveryday?Q2:Howtoworkmoreefficientlyaccordingtothespeaker?Q3:Howdoesthespeakerdealwithemailsnow?Q4:Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?Passage2andanswersInaperfectworld,wewouldallavoidtoomuchcreditcarddebtandwouldneverhavetodealwiththetroubleofbeingunabletomeetourcreditcardpaymentobligations.Butthisisnotaperfectworld,andunfortunately,these1)distressingsituationsarethenormformanypeople.Ifyoufindyourselfinthisposition,orheadingthere,youshouldcutyourspendingnow.Don'twaituntilyoursituationisso2)desperatethatyouhavefewoptionsavailabletoyou.Facingthefactorsthatgiveyouthe3)urgetospendmoneycarelesslycanbeuncomfortable,butifyoudon'tfacethem,howwillyoucontrolyourdebtand4)acquirethethingsyoutrulywant?Onenegativeaspectofusingcreditcardsinsteadofcashisthatyou5)aretotallyunawareofthefactthatyou'respendingrealmoney.Thepleasantfeelingsyouexperiencewhenyoupurchasetheitem6)areisolatedfromtheunpleasantfeelingsofmakingthepaymentwhenyougetthecreditcardstatement.Studies7)affirmthatmostpeoplearemuchlesslikelytobuywhenpayingwithcashasopposedtocreditcards.So,tryleavingyourcreditcardsathome,andpaywithcashorcheck.Toreallycontrolyourspendingandyourcreditcarddebt,youneedtoexaminewhatmoneymeanstoyou.Makeanefforttonoticehowyou8)interactwithmoneyandwhatbeliefsandattitudesyouhaveaboutmoney.Studiesalsoshowthatpeoplewithlowself-esteemengagethemselvesinmore9)impulsespendingandbuyingthingstheydon'tneed.Remindyourselfdailythatyourworthasapersonhasnothingtodowithhowmuchmoneyyouhave.Onceyou10)areconvincedofthis,youwillbreakthepsychologicalbarriersthatwerekeepingyoufromhandlingyourmoneywisely.Unit2Gettingolder,gettingwiser?ListeningtotheworldSharingP=Pasha;M1=Man1,etc.;W1=Woman1,etc.Part1P:Hi.I'mreallyexcitedaboutthenextfewmonths.I'mDJingonthebanksoftheRiverThamesintheheartofLondonandI'mplayingsomebeachparties.TodayI'vecometoCoventGardentofindouthowpeoplefeelabouttheirlives.Whatareyoulookingforwardtointhefuture?Part2M1:Er,I'mlookingforwardtohavingafamily:Idon'thaveafamilyrightnow.Er,I'mlookingforwardtobuyingahouse一er,IactuallyliveintheUnitedStatesrightnowandIhaven'tboughtahousethere,soI'mlookingforwardtothat.AndIguessI'mlookingforwardtoum,moretravel.W1:FindingajobthatI'mreallypassionateabout.M2:Er,nearfuture,I'mlookingforwardtoaholidaynextyear.I'mgoingtoVegaswithafamilythatIhaven'tbeenawaywithum,foraboutfiveorsixyearsnow.W2:Gettingagoodjob,andfinishinguniversity.M3:Nothingreally.Ikindofenjoymylifeatthemoment.Um,I...IliveinAustralianow,andI'vegotthingsthewaywelikethemathome,andlife'sgood.M4:Startinganewjobnextsummer.Part3P:Isthereanythingyouaren'tlookingforwardto?W1:No,no,there'snothingIcanthinkaboutthatI'mnotlookingforwardtointhefuture.M2:TheonethingthatI'dhavethoughtmostpeoplesayisdying.Quiteserious,but,otherthanthat,no一Ikindofembracelifetothefull;lookforwardtomostthings.W3:Um,Ihavetosay,thepremiseofgettingolder,andwithgettingolderyouhavemoreresponsibilities,sothat'sonethingIwon't...I'mnotlookingforwardto.M1:Well,I'mnotlookingforwardtoretiring:Um,IlikemyjobandIlikeworking,andIthinkI'llbealittleboredwhenIretire.W2:It'squitestressfullookingforjobsandgoingtojobinterviews,soIdogetnervousaboutthat.M3:Gettingolder.Yourbody'sstartingtofalltobits.Notlookingforwardtothat,butit'llhappen.Part4P:Peoplesaythatyourschooldaysarethebestdaysofyourlife.Doyouthinkthat'strue?W1:Absolutely.Ido,yes,becauseyou're,theworldisyouroyster.Youhavesomuchhope,somanydreams,andyoubelieve,youbelieveyoucanachieveanything.Soyeah,definitely,Ithinkso,yeah.M3:No.Schooldayswerehellonearthforme.Itwas(Theywere)theworstdaysofmylife.W2:Um,they'requitestressfulbecauseyouhaveexams,butIdothinkthey'refun:beingabletobewithyourfriendseveryday.SoIdothinkthatschooldaysare...aregooddaysinyourlife.M1:Lookingbackonit,Ihadagreattimeatschool.I'msureatthetimeitseemedalittledifficult,um,youknow,tryingtofitin,butnowwhenIlookbackonit,theywerefundaysand,youknow,I...I...Ilookatthemveryfondly.M4:Forme,personally,my,er...myschooldaysweremyfavoritebecauseI'vestillgotfriendsfrom,goingback20-oddyears.W3:That'swhenI'vecreatedmost...themostvaluablerelationshipsIhaveinmylife.M2:Formostpeople,yes,butwhenIleftschoolat16,IwasafulltimefootballeratIpswichTownFootballClubfortwoyears.So,livingawayfromhomewithfriendsanddoing,kindof,thebestthingIcoulddoinmylife,werethebesttwoyearsofmylife.ListeningPart1OK...so...I'vegotthedate...“Thursday,the20thofMay,2004.Dearthefutureme,Ihopethisletterhasfounditswaytoyou/me.AsIwritethis,Iam16inYear11;andasIreadit,Iam20.Wow!Iwillhavechangedsomuch.IcanonlyguesswhatIwillbelikeat20.IenvisagemtoyselfatOxfordUni,sitting...”oh,thisisembarrassing...“sittingunderatreebytheriverinthecollegegrounds.IthinkI'llbewearingsomethingfloatyandabitindie,butIbetwhenIgetthis,it'll,it'llberaining.”“AsIreadthis,I'llhavealreadyrememberedthatIfanciedTomSquires...”thereyougo,Tom...I'mlookingathimnow.“IwonderifI'lleverhavethegutstotellhim....Iknow,I'maromantic.Ihopethathasn'tchanged.Myplansformyselfinthefollowingyearsaretofindaman,someonegood-looking,romanticandintelligent,who,whosharesmyinterests一orjustTom.Eitherway,um,IhopeI'llhavesomeone.”Idon'trememberthis,“...andthenIthinkI'llhavethreechildrenwithlongbrownhairandgreeneyes.”“Well,I'llstopnoweventhoughIwanttowriteeverythingIcandown,butI'mrunningoutoftime.IhopeI'mhappyin2008,andIhopethislettermakesmefeelgoodaboutwhoIwas,oram,asIwritethis.Keepsmiling,andwhileIcan'treallysaybye,butgoodluckforthefutureandkeepdreaming.Don'tchangetoomuch,andbehappywithwhoyouare一IlikewhoIamnowmorethananyothertime.Love,Laura."Part2ItallseemsveryshallowlookingbackandreadingwhatIthoughtI'dbedoingorhopedI'dbedoing.Ithinkmy16-year-oldselfmighthavebeendisappointedwithwhereIam,butbecauseIasmy20-year-oldselfhavesortofgrownupandmatured,I'mabsolutelyecstaticwiththewaywhereIam,anditdoesn'thavetobethisperfectsitting-by-a-lakekindofimage.ViewingN=Narrator;B=Dr.BradleyWillcoxN:TheremoteislandofOkinawaishometooneofthelongest-livingcommunitiesintheworld.Inapopulationofonlyonemillion,thereare900centenarians,apercentagethat'soverfourtimeshigherthanBritainandAmerica.It'saplacewhereagehasadifferentmeaning...wherepeoplelikeMr.Miyagicanexpecttolivewaybeyondhis92ndyear.Unawareofthelatestdietorlifestylefad,Mr.Miyagihasdevelopedhisownwayofdefyingtheagingprocess.B:They'renotthinkingabout“Gee,ifIdothis,I'mnotgonnaliveaslong,ifI...IhaveoneextradrinkorifIeatthisfoodor..."一they'renotthinkingaboutthatatall.Mostofthemcouldn'tcarelesswhatthescientiststhink.Theyjustgoabouttheirbusinessandlive.Theyjusthappentoliveaverylongtime.N:Theexplanationforthisextraordinaryphenomenonbeginsinthemostordinaryofplaces.LikeeverytowninOkinawa,thefruitandvegetableshopinOgimiliesattheheartofvillagelife.It'sherethatBradleyandCraigbelievethesourceoftheOkinawamiraclecanbetraced.Forthepast20years,BradleyandCraighavebeenanalyzingthelife-enhancingOkinawaningredients.B:Gotredshereinthetomatoes,thepeppers.You'vegotgreenpeppershere.N:They'veidentifiedanumberofcrucialpropertiesthatguardtheOkinawansfromdisease,fromtheantioxidantrichvegetablesthatprotectagainstcelldamage,tothehighquantitiesofsoyaproteins.InOgimi,100-year-oldMatsuispreparingatraditionalOkinawandishusingallthevitalingredients.It'sonlyafterthefoodisservedthatthemostsignificantOkinawantraditioncanbeobserved.B:TheOkinawansdevelopedalsoculturalhabitsovertheyearsthatappeartohavehealthprotectiveproperties.Theyhaveasayingcalled“harahachibu"-eatuntilyou'reonly80percentfull.N:Inatypicalday,Matsuonlyconsumesaround1,200calories,about20percentlessthanmostpeopleinBritainandAmerica.B:IntheWestwe'reverymuchfocusedongettingmoreforourmoney,andoneofthemostpopularthingsisalltheseall-you-can-eatrestaurants.Yougoandyouloadupatthe,attheer,theall-you-can-eatrestaurant,andyou,youwalkawaywiththisbloatedfeelingandyou...youmayhavegotyourmoney'sworth,butyouprobablydidn'tgetyour,yourhealth'sworth,becausewhatyou'redoingisjustdiggingyourselfintoanearlygrave.SpeakingforcommunicationRole-playP=Presenter;V=Vince;J=Julia;D=Dan;Z=ZaraP:Andupnext,it'stimeforJustTellMeI'mWrong.Today'stopic:Howyoungistooyoungor,perhapsmoreaccurately,howoldisoldenough?We'vereceivedhundredsofemailsandtextmessagesabouttherightageforachildtohaveamobilephone,stayhomealone,wearmake-up,gettheirearspierced,babysitforyoungerkids...andwe'vegotourfirstcaller,Vince.Goahead,Vince.You'reon.V:Hi.Mysituationisthatmynine-year-oldkeptaskingmetogetheramobile,soIboughtheroneafewmonthsago.Then,lastweek,Igotabillforovertwohundredpounds,soIwarnedherI'dtakethephoneawayfromherifithappenedagain.P:SoIgatheryourpointiswhethershe'stooyoungtohaveamobile?V:Yeah,yeah,that'sright.P:Er,surelyit'stheparents'responsibilitytosetsomesortofguidelinesaheadoftime.V:Sowhatyou'resayingisIshouldhavegivenhersomerules?P:Basically,yes,whenshefirstgotthephone.OK,thanksVince.NextcallerisJulia.What'syourquestion,Julia?J:Aboutthemobilephonething.I'vegotaneight-year-old,andIworryabouthimallthetimeifIcan'treachhim.Youknow...anythingcouldhappen...P:Soinotherwords,youwanthimtohaveamobile.J:Andhaveitonatalltimes.Buthedoesn'twantone.P:Fairenough.Letmeaskyouaquestion.Whenyouwereeightyearsoldandtherewerenomobilephones,whatdidyourmotherdo?Ibetyouwereallowedtogooutonyourown.Isn'tthatanimportantpartofgrowingupanddevelopingasenseofindependenceandresponsibility?J:Sowhatyou'regettingatisthatI'mbeingoverprotective?P:Youcouldsaythat.J:Yeah,butdon'tyouagreethattheworldusedtobeasaferplace?P:Surelythat'swhateverygenerationsays.Anyway,thanksforyourquestion,Julia.Let'sgotoournextcaller.Dan,you'reon.D:Hi,myquestion'salsoabouttechnology.P:OK.Goahead.D:Well,myson,Seth,he's12and,uptillrecently,hewasanormal12-year-old,youknow,heusedtogooutwithhisfriends,playfootballwithme,youknow...wehadagreatrelationship.P:So,Dan,fromwhatyou'resaying,I'mguessinghedoesn'twanttospendsomuchtimewithyounow,andyoufeel...D:Ohno,it'snotthat.It'sjustthathespendsallhistimeonthecomputernow.P:Isn'tthatjustnormalnowadays?D:It'shardtosay.Sometimesattheweekendhespendsalldayinhisbedroomonthecomputer,onsocialnetworkingsitesorplayinggames.Idon'tthinkit'sright.Imeanforonething,henevergetsanyexercise.P:Don'tyouthinkit'sjustastagehe'sgoingthrough?IusedtospendhoursinmybedroomlisteningtomusicwhenIwasthatage.D:YoumeanIshouldjustrelaxandlethimgetonwithit?P:Yeah,he'llgrowoutofit.Andyoucan'tforcehimtogoandplayfootballifhedoesn'twantto.D:Iguessnot.Thanks.P:OK,ournextcallerisZara.You'reon.Z:Um,Iwaswonderinghowyouwoulddealwitha13-year-oldwantingtogetpiercedears?P:Thirteenyearsold?Doesn'tshesimplywanttobelikeherfriends?Iimaginealotofthemhavepiercedears.Z:Well...that'sit.I'mnottalkingaboutashe.P:Oh,ifI'vegotitright,you'reupsetbecauseyour13-year-oldsonwantstogethisearspierced.Z:That'sright.P:Ah...soit'sbecausehe'saboyratherthanhisage?Z:Isupposeso.P:Well,what'shelikesocially?Doeshehavefriendswho'vegottheirears...FurtherpracticeinlisteningShortconversationsConversation1W:Sothisisyourlastyearincollege.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhatyou'dliketodoaftergraduation?M:Well,Ireallydon'tknow.Thejobmarketseemstobeimproving,soImaylookforajobsomewhere.ButIamalsointerestedinapplyingforgraduateschool.Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?Conversation2M:DoyourememberLindawemetawhileagoatSusan'sbirthdayparty?W:Linda?Doyoumeantheladywhoyousaidwasanurseinthecommunityhospitalbeforeherretirement?Yeah,Iremember.Shelooksveryyoungforherage.Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkofLinda?Conversation3M:IwishIcouldretiretomorrow.ThenIwouldnotneedtoworryaboutwork.W:Idon'tlookforwardtoretirement.I'mafraidofgettingold一mybodywillslowdown,andmychildrenwillbeaway.Idreadlosingindependenceandlivinginloneliness.Q:Whatmakesthewomanafraidofgettingold?Conversation4W:Iconsidermyearly20stobetheprimetimeofmylife.Howaboutyou?M:Icouldn'tagreewithyoumore.That'snodoubtthegoldenperiod.Youareyoungandenergetic.Youarefreetopursueyourpassion.Thebestthingisthatyouhaveawealthofopportunitiestoexplore.Q:Whatdoesthemanlikebestaboutbeinginhisearly20s?Conversation5W:Hi,John.YouaretakingLaw201thissemester,right?Howdoyoulikeit?M:Yeah,it'sagreatclass.We'velookedatseveralcasesofagediscriminationatwork.Suchcasesareveryinterestingbecausetheyarerarelyclear-cutandcourtdecisionscanberathercontroversial.Q:Whatdoesthemansayaboutagediscriminationcases?LongconversationM:Nancy,timetomakeabirthdaywish!W:Iwish...hmm.OK!Iwantahigh-payingjob,ahusbandwithaperfectfaceandbody,andabighouse...withaswimmingpool!M:Wow,Nancy!Thoseareyourthreewishes?W:Ofcourse!IfIhavethosethreethings,I'llbehappy!M:Now,Nancy.Letmetellyoumystory,andyoumayseethingsdifferently.W:“Seethingsdifferently?”Whatdoyoumean,UncleCharlie?M:HereiswhatIonceexperiencedinlife.WhenImarried,32yearsago,wehadahappymarriage,abeautifulhouse,twoexpensivecars,and$200,000inthebank!W:See,justlikenow!M:Wait!Iwouldsuggestthreedifferentwishes!W:Well...Whatwouldyouwishfor?You'reolderandwiser!M:Whathappensifyouloseyourjob,loseyourhouse,andyourhusbandbecomessick?Isuggestthesethreewishes:patience,courageandlove!W:Patience,courageandlove?M:Yes!Ifyouhavepatienceandcourage,youandyourhusbandwillhavegoodjobsandanicehouse.Andifyouhavetruelove,youandyourhusbandwillbebeautifultoeachothernomatterhowoldyoubecometogether.W:Thisisgood.M:Withinsixyearsofourmarriage,wehadthreebeautifulchildren,butwelostourjobs,ourhouse,allourmoney,andthenIgotreallysickfornineyears.Butwedidn'tloseanythingtrulyvaluable,becausewealwayssaid:“Whereverthefiveofusaretogether,weareathome!”And,littlebylittlethingsdidimprove,andIfinallygotwell.Patience,courageandlove!Thesearewhatmakelifefull,strongandhappy!W:Hmm,Iwillremember.Patience,courageandlove!Thanks,UncleCharlie!Q1:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?Q2:Accordingtotheman,whyistrueloveimportantforahappylife?Q3:Whatdifficultiesdidthemanexperienceinhislife?Q4:Whatisthemandoinginthetalk?Passage1Ifyouthinkthatyouhavetoliveuparemotemountaininordertolivealongandhealthylife,areligiouscommunityinLomaLinda,California,mayproveyouwrong.ItsmembersareagroupofChristiansknownastheSeventh-dayAdventists.TheAdventistsenjoyamuchhigherlifeexpectancythanaverageCalifornians.AdventistmencanexpecttoliveaboutsevenyearslongerthanotherCalifornianmen.AdventistwomenarelikelytolivearoundfouryearslongerthanotherCalifornianwomen.TheAdventistsalsoactmuchyoungerthantheyareandseedoctorsmuchlessthanordinarypeople.Sowhat'sthesecretoftheAdventists'longevity?Itisnotallintheirgenes.Noristheirgoodhealthamereaccident.TheAdventistslivelongerpartlybecausetheyhaveavegetable-baseddiet.Around35percentofthemarevegetarian,andaroundonehalfeatmeatonlyrarely.Tobaccoandalcoholconsumptionsarediscouraged.Soarerichorspicyfoods,meat,anddrinkscontainingcaffeine.TheAdventistdietishighinfruitandvegetables.Italsoincludesplentyofwholegrains,nuts,seedsandbeans,andwateristhedrinkofchoice.ThelongevityoftheAdventistsisalsorelatedtotheirlifestyleandnaturalenvironment.Theybelieveinhavingregularexercise,helpingothers,andmaintain