2022-2023學(xué)年江蘇省常州重點(diǎn)高一（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2022-2023學(xué)年江蘇省常州重點(diǎn)高一（下）期末英語試卷A

BUILTBYYOUChallenge

InthispostonourwebsiteofWiTech,weintroducesomedetailsabouttheBUILTBYYOUChallengeandwhyteensfromaroundtheworldshouldjoinit!

BUILTBYYOUisaninitiativethataimstoencourageandexposemorehighschoolgirlstocareersintechnology.

Readthewrite-upbelowfromtheBUILTBYYOUteamtolearnmoreaboutthechallenge!

WhoWe'reLookingFor

We'relookingforthenextgenerationof13-18yearsoldfemalestartupfoundersandchange-makers(you)whoarebuildingamobileapp,hardwaredevice,roboticsproject,game,orsomethingnoonehasinventedyet.Youcansubmitinuptoteamsof4.Feelfreetoapplywithyourprojectsfromyourprevioustechexperiencesorbuildoutanentirelynewidea.

WhatYouCouldWin

Youcouldwintheopportunitytopresentyourprojectinfrontofexpertteenagerjudges,tech/VCmoguls(大人物)andchangemakersduringalivePresentationDayinSanFranciscoonSeptember1.Winnersreceive＄10,000infunding,mentorshipandaboothatTechCrunchDisrupttotaketheirprojecttothenextlevel.

TheFounderofWiTech

AudreyPeisanincominghighschooljuniorfromthePhilippines.BecausecurrentPhilippinecurriculumislackingincomputerscienceeducation,Audreytaughtherselftoprogramusingavailableonlineresources.Asshepursuedherinterestinatechnologycareer,shefoundverylittlesupportandnofemalerolemodelswithintheindustry.WhileattendingtechconferencesAudreymetothergirlswithsimilarinterestsforthefirsttime.At15shegatheredateamofstudentsandfoundedWomeninTechnology(WiTech).WiTechisacommunityorganizationthateducates,inspiresandempowersyounggirlstobreakbarriersandusetechnologytomakepositivedifferencesinsociety.1.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthefactorsthatdeterminewhocanapply?A.Nationality. B.Occupation. C.Gender. D.Character.2.Whatwillparticipantsdo？A.Applywiththeirownprojects.

B.SubmittheirprojectsinSeptember.

C.Presenttheirprojectbeforetechmoguls.

D.Receivetenthousanddollarsinfunding.3.WhatcausedAudreyPetofoundWiTech?A.Requestsfromothergirls.

B.Thewishtosupportyoungfemales.

C.Lackofinterestinschooleducation.

D.Inspirationfromsimilarorganizations.B

"Sunshinemightbehealthierthanmostpeoplethink,outweighingtheriskofskincancer",Britishdoctorssuggestedlastweek.ThefourresearchersatBristolUniversitywereaccusedofweakeningyearsofcampaigningtowarnpeopleofthedangersoftoomuchsun.Expertsagreeexposuretothesun'sultravioletraysincreasestheriskofskincancerandacceleratesthesignsofaging.ButintheBritishMedicalJournaltheBristolteamledbyAndrewNesswrote,"Thereisevidencethatthepotentialbenefitsofexposuretosunlightmayoutweighthewidelypublicizednegativeeffectsontheincidenceofskincancer."

VitaminD,madeinthebodyinreactiontosunlight,preventedrickets(軟骨病)inchildrenandwasassociatedwithaprotectiveeffectagainstheartdisease.

Sunshinewasalsousefulfortreatingcertainskinconditionsandtherewasalsothe"feelgoodeffectoflyingorsittinginthesun".Theresearcherssaiditwastooearlytoadvisepeopletospendmoretimeinthesun,butsuggestedthebasisofthecurrentadvicetocoverupshouldbereviewed.

"Perhaps,whileweawaittheconclusionsofsuchformalanalyses,thoseofuswhoenjoyspendingtimeinthesuncanrestassuredthatthechancethatwewillbeoneofthepeopledyingfromthesunsmall."theyadded.

Theirarticlewasstronglycriticizedbyhealthcampaignerswhoclaimeditwasunbalancedandnotbackedbyscientificevidence.Britain'sHealthEducationAuthoritysaidskincancerwasthemostcommonformofcancerinthecountry,withmorethan50,000newcasesdiagnosedeachyearandmorethan2,000peopledyingfromthedisease.Itsaidtreatmentalmostalwaysrequiredsurgeryandalmost50percentofcaseswerefatal.

Theauthority'sskincancercampaignmanagerChristopherNewsaid,"Weareverydisappointedwiththiscontroversialarticle.Itdoesn'thaveenoughsupportingevidenceandrunstheriskundoingmanyyearsof"goodhealtheducation".4.What

can

we

learn

about

the

four

researchers

in

the

first

paragraph?A.They

were

accused

of

warning

people

of

the

danger

of

too

much

sun.

B.They

agreed

exposure

to

the

sun's

ultraviolet

rays

accelerated

people's

aging.

C.They

publicized

the

negative

effect

of

the

sun

on

the

incidence

of

skin

cancer.

D.They

believed

being

exposed

to

sunlight

might

be

beneficial

to

people's

health.5.What

will

the

Bristol

team

support?A.Children

should

cover

up

in

the

sunlight.

B.Sunshine

helps

to

treat

some

skin

conditions.

C.Those

enjoying

the

sun

are

free

of

skin

cancer.

D.People

should

currently

spend

more

time

in

the

sun.6.What

does

the

"good

health

education"

in

the

last

paragraph

refer

to?A.Warning

people

of

the

danger

of

too

much

sunlight.

B.Informing

people

of

the

benefits

of

exposure

to

sunlight.

C.Convincing

people

of

the

effect

of

sun

on

skin

conditions.

D.Reminding

people

of

the

good

feeling

of

lying

or

sitting

in

the

sun.7.What

is

the

main

idea

of

this

passage?A.More

people

are

dying

from

skin

cancer.

B.Sunshine

does

more

harm

than

good

to

skin.

C.Sunshine

can

prevent

heart

disease

in

children.

D.A

study

found

sunshine

has

lots

of

benefits.CDothecolorsthatsurroundyouinfluencehowyoufeel？Canthecolorsonyourwallsandonyourclothesaffectyourmoods？Someresearchersbelievetheanswerisadecisiveyes，whileothersaren'tsosure.

Yetmanymarketers，interiordesigners，medicalprofessionalsandothersswearbyaninformalfieldofscienceknownascolorpsychology.Colorpsychologyisdefinedas"thestudyofhowthecolorsweperceiveimpactourthoughtsandfeelings."

Marketersusethescienceofcolortopersuadeustobuythings.Whenchoosingpaint，furnitureandwallart，interiordesignersactonthetheorythatcolorscanarousecertainfeelingsinus.Dentistsareoftenadvisedtouselightbluepaintontheirofficewallstohelpcalmapprehensivepatients.

Weshouldkeepinmind，though，thatonlybyconsideringculturalpreferencesareweabletofullyunderstandthescienceofcolor.Forinstance，intheWest，whiteisforbridesandblackisforfunerals.ButinancientAsia，whitewassometimeswornforfunerals.InJapanyellowrepresentscouragewhileintheUnitedStates，itrepresentshappiness.Additionally，manyvariablesincludinggender，age，backgroundandmoremustbeconsideredbeforemakingcolorassumptionswhenoneisstudyingtheeffectsofcolor.

Aftertakingcolorvariableintoaccountit'ssafetoconsidersomemainstreamtheoriesaboutspecificcolorsandtheirmeanings.Herearejustafew：

Redsymbolizeslove，energy，passionanddanger.Redisalsobelievedtoincreaseone'shunger，whichmightbethereasonwhyMeDonald'sandCoca-Colachoseredastheirmajorbrandingcolor.

Brown，acolorfromnature，bestrepresentsthingsthatarehonest，trustworthyanddependable.ItseemsaperfectfitasthebrandingcolorforthepackagedeliverycompanyUPS.

Blue-inadditiontorepresentingpeaceandcalm-alsomeansintegrityandcompetence.It'snosurprisethatPayPalandAmericanExpressbothuseblueastheirbrandingcolor.

Green-anothercolorfromnature-representshealth，growthandfreshnessandistheperfectbrandingcolorforStarbucks.

Pinksymbolizeslove，romance，innocenceandfemininity（女性特質(zhì)）.ThepopulardollcompanythatmakesBarbieusespinkasitsmajorbrandingcolor.

Ifcolorpsychologyadvocatesarecorrect，thenouremotionsanddecisionsaretrulyinfluencedbythecolorsaroundus.Withthisknowledge，wecaneffectivelyharness（駕馭）colorpowertocreatepositiveschool，workandhomeenvironments.8.Whatdoesthephraseswearbyinthesecondparagraphprobablymean？______A.deeplybelieve. B.somewhatdoubt.

C.deeplyinvestigate. D.stillwish.9.Whatisthewriter'spurposeoftakingwhiteandblackasanexampleinthepassage？______A.Tostatethatculturalpreferencesaredecisivefactorsincolorpsychology.

B.Toshowdifferentcultureshavedifferentpreferencesfordifferentcolors.

C.Toprovewhiteandblackrepresentcompletedifferentthingsindifferentcountries.

D.Toremindweshouldtakecultureintoaccountwhenlearningthescienceofcolor.10.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.A.colorpsychologyisinfluencingouremotionsanddecisions

B.colorpsychologymayhelpusmakecorrectdecisionsinlife

C.colorpsychologyisanuncultivatedfieldinmodernscience

D.colorpsychologyhasbeenrecognizedthroughouttheworld11.Whatwouldbethepropertitleforthepassage？______A.Thepositivesandnegativesofcolorpsychology.

B.Thefoundationandfunctionofcolorpsychology.

C.Thepotentialeffectsofcoloronourlives.

D.TherelationshipbetweencolorandmanSection.DGoogle'sparentcompanyiswindingdownaprojectthatusedhigh-lyingballoonstoprovideInternetservicestohard-to-reachareasoftheworld.

Theproject，knownasLoon，startedin2011.ItwasmanagedbyAlphabetInc.Itaimedtobringconnectivitytoareasoftheworldwhereground-basedcelltowers（手機(jī)信號(hào)塔）weretooexpensiveortoodifficulttosetup.

ButLoonwasunabletoreducecostsenoughtomakeitsbusinessmodelrun，theproject'sleader，AlastairWestgarth，saidinablogpost."Whilewe'vefoundanumberofwillingpartnersalongtheway，wehaven'tfoundawaytogetthecostslowenoughtobuildalong-term，competitivebusiness，"Westgarhsaid.

Loon'sshutdownisn'tsurprising，economistssaid.

Loon'stechnologysentgas-filledballoonsthesizeoftenniscourtsintotheair.Theyusuallystayatheightsofaround60，000to75，000feet.There，onboardcommunicationsequipmentsentInternetsignalsbackdowntoearth.Thesystemwasabletooffermobilecoveragetoanarea200timeslargerthanatraditionalground-basedcelltower.However，acarrierwouldneedseveralballoonsatonce，eachwouldcosttensofthousandsofdollarsandlastonlyaboutfivemonths.

Alphabetwasn'taloneinrunningprojectsaimedatofferingInternetconnectiontohard-to-reachareas.CompaniessuchasAInc.andElonMusk'sSpaceXhavebeenmakingeffortstoprovideInternetconnectioninsuchplaces，usingsatellitesinnearEarthorbit.

Overthelastfewyears，Loon'stechnologyhasprovedsuccessfulinsomesufferinghurricanedamagedtheisland'scommunicationsfacilities.Twoyearslater，soonaftera7.8earthquakestruckpartsofPeru，Loon'sballoonsbegantoprovidethelocalswithmobileconnectivity.

RichDevaul，afounderoftheproject，saidtheneedformobileconnectivitywasrapidlyrisingrecently.Thismadecelltowersmorecost-effectivethanhehadexpectedtenyearsago.reducingtheneedforLoon，"Theproblemgotsolvedfasterthanwethought，"hesaidinaninterview.12.WhyisAlphabetshuttingdownLoon？______A.Manylocalcommunitiesdislikedtheproject.

B.Itwastoocostlytocontinuetheproject.

C.Thetechnologywasnolongeradvanced.

D.Itwastoodifficulttosetupthesystems.13.HowdoestheauthorintroduceLoon'stechnologyinparagraph5？______A.Byexplainingitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.

B.Bydescribingdifficultiesinusingit.

C.Byprovidingresearchresultsaboutit.

D.Byshowingitsdifferencesfromtraditionalones.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutthetechnologyofLoon？______A.Itsuitedtheneedofdevelopedcountries，

B.Itwasunabletoworkinterribleweather.

C.Ithelpedareashitbynaturaldisasters.

D.Itwaslesselectivethantraditionalsystems.15.WhatwasunexpectedforRichDevaul？______A.Communicationsproblemsbecameworse.

B.Celltowersbecamemoreeconomicalinashorttime.

C.Othercompanieswouldrunsimilarprojects

D.TheInternetconnectionsweregettingfaster.E

Therearefewnaturalsoundsmoreupliftingtomyspiritthanthebrightandcheeringcallsandsongsofblack-cappedchickadees(山雀).Oneofmymorningroutinesistostepoutsidethehouseandlistenforthevoicesofblack-caps.

Thereissomethingcomfortingtomeinblack-caps'presence.

(16)

SometimestheyaretheonlybirdsI'llhearonmylocalwoodlandwalksandformetheforestwouldbealonelierplacewithoutthem.

AfterI'dmovedintoahouseonAnchorage'sHillside,Iplacedamakeshiftfeederonmyhome'sback.

(17)

Foreach,theroutinewassimilar：dashedin,lookedaround,pecked(啄)atthetray,lookedaroundagain,anddashedout.Nervouslittlecreatures,fullofbrightenergy,theysoonhadmelaughingattheirfunnyway,Bythetimetheymovedon,Isensedanall-too-rareupwellingoffascinationandjoy.

Withindays,awholenewworldopenedupaswoodlandneighborsI'dneverknown,orevenimagined,joinedtheblack-capsatmyfeeders:red-breastednuthatches,commonredpolls…WhatwasremarkablewasthatallofthosespecieswerecommonresidentsoftheAnchoragearea.

(18)

Mynewfoundinterestinbirdsgrewquickly,surprisingevenme.

(19)

Ivisitedbookstoresinsearchofbirdingguidebooks.Excitedlyexchangedbirddescriptionswithastranger.Purchased50-poundbagsofsunflowerseeds.Allofthisseemedverystrangetoamiddle-agedguywho'dneverbeenattractedbybirds.Evenmore,Ihadpreviouslyjudgedbirdwatcherstoberatherdullsorts.

(20)

They'veremindedmehowmyworldcanexpandandbecomeenrichedwhenImaketheefforttopayattention.Whatelseawaitsmeinourworld,Iwonder,thatIhaven'tyetdiscoveredornoticed?

A.Naturealwaysamazedmeinitsownway.

B.Yetinpriordaysandyears,Ihadnoidea.

C.Black-capsareasignofgoodenvironment.

D.Withinaday,black-capsacceptedmyinvitationtodine.

E.Black-capshavehadaspecialplaceatthetopofmyaffections.

F.Whatstartedasmerecuriosityfloweredintoaconsumingpassion.

G.Andmuchmoreoftenthannot,theyareheardbeforethey'reseen.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.GHumanbeingshavesomehowmanagedtoengineerthenighttoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thiskindofcontrolisnodifferentfromthefeat（壯舉）ofdammingariver.Itsbenefitscomewith（1）______—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign.（2）______lightingwashesoutthedarknessofnight，alteringlightlevelsandlightrhythmstowhichmanyformsoflife，includingourselves，have（3）______.Whereverman-madelightspillsintothenaturalworld，someaspectsoflife-migration，reproduction，feeding-isaffected.

Formosthumanhistory，thephrase"lightpollution"wouldhave（4）______.ImaginewalkingtowardsLondononamoonlitnightaround1800，whenitwasEarth'smostpopulouscity.Nearlyamillionpeoplelivedthere，（5）______candles，torchesandlanterns，astheyalwayshad.Onlyafewhouseswerelitbygas，andtherewouldbenopublicgaslightsinthestreetsorsquaresforanothersevenyears.Fromafewmilesaway，youwouldhavebeenmorelikelyto（6）______Londonthantoseeitsdimcollectiveglow.

We'velitupthenightasifitwerea（n）（7）______country.Asamatteroffact，amongmammals（哺乳動(dòng)物）alone，thenumberofspeciesactiveatnightisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce，andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnetattractingthemtoit.Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing（8）______bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms，circlingandcirclinginthethousandsuntiltheydrop.

Itwasoncethoughtthatlightpollutiononlyaffectedastronomers，whoneedtoseethenightskyinallitsgloriousclarity.Unlikeastronomers，mostofusmaynotneeda（9）______viewofthenightskyforourwork.（10）______，likemostothercreatures，wedoneeddarkness.（11）______darknessispointless.Itisasessentialtomaintainingourbiologicalwelfareas（12）______itself；thepriceofmodifyingourinternalclockworkmeansitdoesn'toperateasitshould，causingvariousphysicaldiscomforts.Sofundamentalaretheregularrhythmsofwakingandsleeptoourbeingthat（13）______themissimilartoalteringourcenterofgravity.

Inaveryrealsense，lightpollutioncausesusto（14）______ourtrueplaceintheuniverse，toforgetthescaleofourbeing，whichisbest（15）______againstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.21.

A.consequences B.achievements C.agreements D.circumstances22.

A.Randomly-designed B.Well-designed

C.Poorly-designed D.Economically-designed23.

A.appealed B.adapted C.objected D.amounted24.

A.comeundercriticism B.madenodifference

C.comeintoeffect D.madenosense25.

A.makingdowith B.fedupwith

C.identifyingwith D.overflowingwith26.

A.visit B.greet C.feel D.smell27.

A.independent B.disconnected C.unoccupied D.excluded28.

A.exposed B.captured C.dismissed D.frustrated29.

A.clear B.comprehensive C.traditional D.critical30.

A.Subsequently B.However C.Therefore D.Similarly31.

A.Reviewing B.Embracing C.Denying D.Regulating32.

A.light B.rhythm C.status D.dawn33.

A.emergingfrom B.withdrawingfrom

C.messingwith D.coincidingwith34.

A.keeptrackof B.losesightof C.catchholdof D.letgoof35.

A.measured B.neutralized C.undergone D.supervised36.Illegalivory（象牙）huntingonceposedasignificantthreattoKenya'selephants.Butnowthegiantsoftheanimalkingdom（1）______（face）anevenbiggerrisk：climatechange.

Inthepastyears，Kenyan（2）______（official）havecrackeddownonhunting，（3）______hastargetedgiraffesfortheirmeat，bonesandhairandelephantsfortheirivorytusks.ButasKenyabattlesitsworstdroughtinfourdecades，thecrisisiskilling20timesmoreelephants（4）______hunting.InTsavoNationalParkmuchwildlife（5）______（flee）inrecentyearsinsearchofwater.Tosurvive，elephantsrequirevastlandscapesforfood.Adultscanconsume300poundsoffoodandmorethan50gallonsofwater（6）______day.Butrivers，soilandgrasslandaredryingup，（7）______（result）inpooranddeadlyenvironment.

Inthelastyear，atleast179elephantshavediedofthirst，whilehuntinghasclaimedthelivesoffewerthan10，KenyanTourismandWildlifeSecretaryNajibBalalatoldtheBBC."Itisaredalarm."hesaidofthecrisis.Balalasuggestedthat（8）______muchtimeandefforthasbeenspenttacklingillegalhuntingthat（9）______（environment）issueshavebeenignored."Wehaveforgottentoinvestintobiodiversity（10）______（manage）andecosystems，"hesaid."Somethingmustbedonetodealwithclimatechange."(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)37.Remembertotakeyourvaluable______（belong）whenyougetoffthebus.38.Sheremained______（oppose）toherson'splantojointhechorus.（詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)）39.Studentsareprovidedwithbreakfast，dinnerandapackedlunch______（consist）ofasandwich，adrinkandadessert.40.Long______（expose）tothesunmakeitpossibleforyoutodevelopskincancer.41.Today'scomplexbuildingsrequirecloseteamworkbetweeneachofthe______（architecture）andthebuilders.42.Afterseveralfailures，theteamwoundup______（emphasis）theimportanceofresearch.43.Thesuccessofthatplayisnotonlydowntothe______（adapt）butalsotoactors'andactresses'performance.44.Borntoapoverty______（strike）family，shedraggedherselfoutoftheguttertobecomeoneofthewealthiestpeopleinBritaintoday.45.Itisamazingthatthelittleboycanswimacrosstheriver_____(measure)

100meterslong.46.Afifthyearofdroughtisexpectedtohave______（dramatically）effectsontheCaliforniaeconomy.47.假如你是李華，你剛剛參觀了你市博物館舉辦的一次“遇見藝術(shù)家”的展覽，請(qǐng)為你校英文報(bào)寫一則評(píng)論，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）展覽概況；

（2）觀展感受；

（3）意見建議。

注意：

（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

（2）為使行文連貫，可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、A、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于BUILTBYOU挑戰(zhàn)賽的一些情況。

1.

根據(jù)WhoWe'reLookingFor部分dWe'relookingforthenextgeneration...orsomethingnoonehasinventedyet.(我們正在尋找下一代13-18歲的女性創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)始人和變革推動(dòng)者（你們），她們正在開發(fā)移動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序、硬件設(shè)備、機(jī)器人項(xiàng)目、游戲或其他尚未發(fā)明的東西。)可知，性別是決定誰可以申請(qǐng)的因素之一。故選C。2.

根據(jù)WhoWe'reLookingFor部分的Feelfreetoapplywithyourprojectsfromyourprevioustechexperiencesorbuildoutanentirelynewidea.(請(qǐng)隨意應(yīng)用您以前的技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中的項(xiàng)目，或者構(gòu)建一個(gè)全新的想法。)可知，參與者可以提交他們自己的想法。故選A。3.

根據(jù)TheFounderofWiTehch部分的WiTechisacommunityorganization...tomakepositivedifferencesinsociety.(WiTech是一個(gè)社區(qū)組織，旨在教育、激勵(lì)和增強(qiáng)年輕女孩打破障礙，利用技術(shù)在社會(huì)中產(chǎn)生積極影響。)可知，為了支持年輕女性的愿望，AudreyPe建立了WiTech。故選B。

4~7.【答案】D、B、A、D【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是，有證據(jù)表明，暴露在陽(yáng)光下的潛在好處可能超過廣泛宣傳的對(duì)皮膚癌發(fā)病率的負(fù)面影響。

1.

根據(jù)第一段中的“ThefourresearchersatBristolUniversitywereaccusedofweakeningyearsofcampaigningtowarnpeopleofthedangersoftoomuchsun.（布里斯托爾大學(xué)的四名研究人員被指責(zé)削弱了多年來警告人們過度曬太陽(yáng)的危害的運(yùn)動(dòng)。）”可知，這四位研究人員認(rèn)為暴露在陽(yáng)光下可能對(duì)人們的健康有益。故選D。

2.

根據(jù)第一段中的“ButintheBritishMedicalJournal...negativeeffectsontheincidenceofskincancer.”（但在《英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上，由AndrewNess領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的布里斯托爾研究小組寫道：“有證據(jù)表明，暴露在陽(yáng)光下的潛在好處可能超過廣泛宣傳的對(duì)皮膚癌發(fā)病率的負(fù)面影響?！保┖偷谌蔚腟unshinewasalsousefulfortreatingcertainskinconditionsandtherewasalsothe"feelgoodeffectoflyingorsittinginthesun".（陽(yáng)光對(duì)治療某些皮膚狀況也很有用，而且“躺在陽(yáng)光下或坐在陽(yáng)光下也有很好的感覺”。）可知，布里斯托爾團(tuán)隊(duì)支持的是陽(yáng)光有助于治療一些皮膚問題。故選B。3.

根據(jù)第一段中的ThefourresearchersatBristolUniversitywereaccusedofweakeningyearsofcampaigningtowarnpeopleofthedangersoftoomuchsun.（布里斯托爾大學(xué)的四名研究人員被指責(zé)削弱了多年來警告人們過度曬太陽(yáng)的危害的運(yùn)動(dòng)。）和最后一段中的Weareverydisappointedwiththiscontroversialarticle.Itdoesn'thaveenoughsupportingevidenceandrunstheriskundoingmanyyearsof"goodhealtheducation".（我們對(duì)這篇有爭(zhēng)議的文章感到非常失望。它沒有足夠的支持證據(jù)，有可能使多年來的“良好健康教育”付之一流。）可知，此處所說的“良好教育”指的是警告人們太多陽(yáng)光的危害。故選A。4.

通讀全文，尤其是第一段中的ButintheBritishMedicalJournal...thewidelypublicizednegativeeffectsontheincidenceofskincancer.”（但在《英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上，由AndrewNess領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的布里斯托爾研究小組寫道：“有證據(jù)表明，暴露在陽(yáng)光下的潛在好處可能超過廣泛宣傳的對(duì)皮膚癌發(fā)病率的負(fù)面影響?！保┛芍疚闹饕v的是有證據(jù)表明，暴露在陽(yáng)光下的潛在好處可能超過廣泛宣傳的對(duì)皮膚癌發(fā)病率的負(fù)面影響，也就是一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)陽(yáng)光有很多好處，故選D。

8~11.【答案】A、D、A、C【解析】（1）短語猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話Color

psychology

is

defined

as

"the

study

of

how

the

colors

we

perceive

impact

our

thoughts

and

feelings."（色彩心理學(xué)被定義為"研究我們感知的顏色如何影響我們的思想和感受。"）以及第三段Marketers

use

the

science

of

color

to

persuade

us

to

buy

things.When

choosing

paint，furniture

and

wall

art，interior

designers

act

on

the

theory

that

colors

can

arouse

certain

feelings

in

us.Dentists

are

often

advised

to

use

light

blue

paint

on

their

office

walls

to

help

calm

apprehensive

patients.（營(yíng)銷人員利用色彩科學(xué)來說服我們購(gòu)買東西。室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師在選擇油漆、煙熏和墻壁藝術(shù)時(shí)，會(huì)根據(jù)這樣一種理論行事，即顏色會(huì)引起我們的某些感覺。牙醫(yī)經(jīng)常被建議在辦公室墻上使用淺藍(lán)色油漆，以幫助焦慮的患者平靜下來）可知，色彩心理學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)顏色如何影響我們的思想和感受。營(yíng)銷人員，設(shè)計(jì)師和牙醫(yī)等會(huì)用色彩心理學(xué)來影響顧客的一些決定，幫助患者平緩情緒。所以他們對(duì)色彩心里學(xué)深信不疑。所以swear

by的意思為"深信不疑"。故選A

（2）目的意圖題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話We

should

keep

in

mind，though，that

only

by

considering

cultural

preferences

are

we

able

to

fully

understand

the

science

of

color.

（不過，我們應(yīng)該記住，只有考慮到文化偏好，我們才能完全理解色彩科學(xué)）可知，作者用白色和黑色作為例子是為了提醒我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)色彩科學(xué)時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮到文化因素。故選D。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話If

color

psychology

advocates

are

correct，then

our

emotions

and

decisions

are

truly

influenced

by

the

colors

around

us.

（如果色彩心理學(xué)的倡導(dǎo)者是正確的，那么我們的情緒和決定確實(shí)會(huì)受到周圍色彩的影響）可推知，色彩心理學(xué)會(huì)影響我們的情緒和決定。故選A。

（4）標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Do

the

colors

that

surround

you

influence

how

you

feel？Can

the

colors

on

your

walls

and

on

your

clothes

affect

your

moods？Some

researchers

believe

the

answer

is

a

decisive

yes，while

others

aren't

so

sure.（你周圍的顏色會(huì)影響你的感覺嗎？你墻上和衣服上的顏色會(huì)影響你的心情嗎？一些研究人員認(rèn)為答案是決定性的肯定，而另一些人則不那么確定）以及最后一段If

color

psychology

advocates

are

correct，then

our

emotions

and

decisions

are

truly

influenced

by

the

colors

around

us.With

this

knowledge，we

can

effectively

harness

（駕馭）color

power

to

create

positive

school，work

and

home

environments.（如果色彩心理學(xué)的倡導(dǎo)者是正確的，那么我們的情緒和決定確實(shí)會(huì)受到周圍色彩的影響。有了這些知識(shí)，我們可以有效地利用色彩力量來創(chuàng)造積極的學(xué)校、工作和家庭環(huán)境）可知，本篇文介紹了色彩心理學(xué)，揭示了色彩對(duì)于我們生活的潛在影響。所以"色彩對(duì)于我們生活的潛在影響"適合作本篇文章的標(biāo)題。A．The

positives

and

negatives

of

color

psychology.色彩心理學(xué)的積極和消極；B．The

foundation

and

function

of

color

psychology.色彩心理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)和作用；C．The

potential

effects

of

color

on

our

lives.顏色對(duì)我們生活的潛在影響；D．The

relationship

between

color

and

man

Section.色彩與人體的關(guān)系。故選C。

這是一篇說說明文。文章主要介紹了色彩對(duì)我們生活的潛在影響。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。

12~15.【答案】B、A、C、B【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中ButLoonwasunabletoreducecostsenoughtomakeitsbusinessmodelrun，theproject'sleader，AlastairWestgarth，saidinablogpost.（Loon項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人阿拉斯泰爾?韋斯特加斯（AlastairWestgarth）在一篇博客文章中表示，Loon未能將成本降低到足以維持其商業(yè)模式的水平。）可知，Alphabet關(guān)閉Loon是因?yàn)槔^續(xù)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的花費(fèi)太大了。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句Thesystemwasabletooffermobilecoveragetoanarea200timeslargerthanatraditionalground-basedcelltower.However，acarrierwouldneedseveralballoonsatonce，eachwouldcosttensofthousandsofdollarsandlastonlyaboutfivemonths.（該系統(tǒng)能夠提供的移動(dòng)覆蓋范圍比傳統(tǒng)的地面發(fā)射塔大200倍。然而，一個(gè)載物架一次需要幾個(gè)氣球，每個(gè)氣球花費(fèi)數(shù)萬美元，而且只能使用大約5個(gè)月。）可知，本段是通過解釋其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)來介紹Loon這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的。故選A。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Over

the

last

few

years，Loon's

technology

has

proved

successful

in

some

suffering

hurricane

damaged

the

island's

communications

facilities.Twoyearslater，soonaftera7.8earthquakestruckpartsofPeru，Loon'sballoonsbegantoprovidethelocalswithmobileconnectivity.（在過去的幾年里，Loon的技術(shù)在一些遭受颶風(fēng)破壞的島嶼通信設(shè)施中被證明是成功的。兩年后，一場(chǎng)7.8級(jí)的地震襲擊秘魯部分地區(qū)后不久，Loon的氣球開始為當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┮苿?dòng)連接。）可知，Loon技術(shù)幫助遭受自然災(zāi)害的地區(qū)。故選C。

（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Thismadecelltowersmorecost-effectivethanhehadexpectedtenyearsago，reducingtheneedforLoon，"Theproblemgotsolvedfasterthanwethought，"hesaidinaninterview.（這使得手機(jī)信號(hào)塔比他十年前預(yù)期的要更加劃算，減少了對(duì)Loon的需求。"問題解決得比我們想象的要快，"他在接受采訪時(shí)說）可知，令RichDevaul意外的是手機(jī)信號(hào)塔在短時(shí)間內(nèi)變得更加經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠。故選B。

本文主要介紹了谷歌母公司Alphabet

Inc.關(guān)閉了一個(gè)名為L(zhǎng)oon的項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目使用高空氣球?yàn)槭澜缟想y以到達(dá)的地區(qū)提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

16~20.【答案】G、D、B、F、E【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者對(duì)黑帽山雀的熱愛。

1