畢業(yè)論文-大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)設(shè)計與傳動計算

MACROBUTTONMTEditEquationSection2SEQMTEqn\r\hSEQMTSec\r1\hSEQMTChap\r1\h本科生畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計〕題目大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)設(shè)計與傳動計算學(xué)院機(jī)電工程學(xué)院專業(yè)班級農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化及其自動化08級2班學(xué)生姓名撰寫日期：2021年5月22日

摘要間作套種能夠充分利用空間和邊行優(yōu)勢，提高土壤養(yǎng)分，增加作物的抗逆能力，提高土地利用率和單位面積產(chǎn)量。雖然市場上播種機(jī)的種類繁多，但缺乏針對大豆玉米間作套種的播種機(jī)。為了解決大豆玉米間作套種種植的問題，我們研究和設(shè)計了大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)。本文設(shè)計的大豆玉米間作播種選擇了轉(zhuǎn)倉式精密排種器，鋤鏟式開溝器和帶有輪刺直徑較大的地輪，播種機(jī)整機(jī)采用了地輪后置單體式，并進(jìn)行了地輪軸和中間傳動軸設(shè)計；在傳動設(shè)計計算中主要論述了播種機(jī)1級、2級傳動計算和鏈輪的設(shè)計。大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)與傳統(tǒng)的播種機(jī)相比，新穎之處在于播種機(jī)可以同時播種玉米、大豆和為了防止地輪的滑移，采用了4個地輪共同帶動中間傳動軸，保證播種機(jī)精密播種質(zhì)量。設(shè)計中在考慮實用的同時，兼顧經(jīng)濟(jì)節(jié)約，從而到達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)合理、生產(chǎn)本錢低目的。該機(jī)一次作業(yè)可完成破茬開溝、播種和鎮(zhèn)壓等工序，作業(yè)時開溝均勻，播種作業(yè)質(zhì)量高，可滿足黃淮海地區(qū)農(nóng)藝要求。關(guān)鍵字：大豆；玉米；間作；播種機(jī)；傳動設(shè)計TheDesignandTransmissionCalculationofSoybean-cornInterplantingSeedingMachineAbstractIntercroppingcanmakefulluseofspaceandedgelineadvantage,improvesoilnutrient,increasecropresilienceandimprovethelandutilizationrateandyieldperunitofarea.Althoughthemarketofthemachinevarious,butitislackofsoybean-corminterplantingseedingmachine.Inordertosolvetheproblemofsoybean-corninterplant,weresearchedanddesignedsoybean-corminterplantingseedingmachine.Inthispaper，themachinechosewarehousetypeprecisionseedmeteringdevice,Shoveltypeditcherandthelargerdiameterlandwheelwithhavingthorn,Thisseedingmachineadoptstherearwheel.Thispaperhavedesignedtheaxleandthemiddletransmission.Inthechapteroftransmissiondesignandcalculation,Itmainlydiscussedthefirstandsecondlinecoulddrivecalculationandthedesignofthechain.Comparedwiththetraditionalmachine,thismachinecansowcornandsoybeanatthesametime.Inordertopreventlandwheelslippage,weusethestyleoffourlandwheeldrivingtransmissionshaft.Consideringpracticalatthesametime,ittakeaccountofeconomiceconomy.Thisplantercanperformtherootstalkcutting,opening,sendingandpackingoperationsonce.KeyWords：soybean;corn;interplanting;Seeder;DesignofTransmission目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u1引言 )其中：—軸的計算應(yīng)力，—軸所受的彎矩，—軸所受的扭矩，—軸的抗彎截面系數(shù)，—對稱循環(huán)變應(yīng)力的軸的彎曲應(yīng)力進(jìn)行校核時，通常只校核軸上承受最大彎矩和扭矩的截面。因為軸單向旋轉(zhuǎn)，扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力為脈動循環(huán)變應(yīng)力，取，查?機(jī)械設(shè)計?一書可知：，由公式〔33〕可得軸的最危險截面計算應(yīng)力為：前面選定軸的材料為45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，由?機(jī)械設(shè)計?表15-1查的。因為，故平安。7結(jié)語本文從以下幾個方面對大豆玉米間作套種播種機(jī)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計研究：〔1〕分析了我國大豆、玉米種植情況和國內(nèi)外播種技術(shù)?！?〕根據(jù)機(jī)械式精密播種機(jī)的特點，本文設(shè)計的播種機(jī)選用了轉(zhuǎn)倉式精密排種器?！?〕為了減少滑移率，本文設(shè)計了帶有輪刺的地輪和采用四個地輪共同驅(qū)動中間傳動軸?！?〕考慮鏈傳動的傳動比和鏈輪直徑，本文設(shè)計了2級傳動。通過以上幾點的設(shè)計研究，本文設(shè)計的大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)可以同時播種大豆和玉米，通過更換排種器上面的鏈輪可以改變株距，該播種機(jī)也可以專播大豆或玉米。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]梁泉，尹元萍，楊通新玉米大豆間作實驗初步研究[J].耕作與栽培，2004〔5〕.[2]楊文鈺.開展玉米套種大豆確保旱年增收[J].大豆科技，2004〔03):63-64.[3]丁元法.精密播種機(jī)現(xiàn)在及開展趨勢[J].山東農(nóng)機(jī)，2001〔6〕：3~5.[4]胡霞.玉米播種收獲機(jī)械操作與維修[M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2021.[5]李寶筏主編.農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)[M].北京：中國農(nóng)業(yè)出版社，2003.[6]張波屏.播種機(jī)械設(shè)計原理[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1982.[7]璞良貴.機(jī)械設(shè)計[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2007.[8]中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院.農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計手冊[M].北京：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2007.[9]何銘新，錢可強(qiáng).機(jī)械制圖[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2021.[10]張琳娜.精度設(shè)計與質(zhì)量控制根底[M].北京：中國計量出版社，2006.[11]孫維連，魏鳳蘭.工程材料[M].北京：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，2006.[12]駱?biāo)鼐?，朱詩?機(jī)械課程設(shè)計簡明手冊[M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2021.[13]王先逵.機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2021.[14]劉鴻文.材料力學(xué)[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2021.[15]OrlovP.FundamentalsofMachineDesign.KatsonPubl.House,1985.[16]MechanicalDrive.MachineDesign.52(14),1980.致謝在即將完成論文之際，我要衷心感謝在寫論文期間一直給我關(guān)心和幫助的人們，正是他們的鼓勵和支持，才使我一如既往地投入到學(xué)習(xí)中去，并從中學(xué)會了面對失敗和困難，體會了成功的歡樂與興奮。還要感謝關(guān)心和幫助以及所有老師四年來悉心的關(guān)心和教導(dǎo)。感謝我的親人，一直以來他們都是我求學(xué)道路上的堅強(qiáng)后盾！是我的支柱！感謝所有幫助過我的人，在次我衷心的祝他們身體健康，一生平安！附錄1：大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)裝配圖附錄2：地輪軸附錄3：小鏈輪附錄4：種箱附錄5：地輪附錄6：鏈傳動部裝圖指導(dǎo)教師評語〔主要評價論文的工作量、試驗數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性、論文的主要內(nèi)容與特點、寫作水平等〕：簽名：

年月日辯論委員會評語及論文成績〔主要評價論文的性質(zhì)、難度、質(zhì)量、綜合訓(xùn)練、辯論情況、缺乏等。評定論文成績〕：主任委員簽名：年月日本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計〔論文〕任務(wù)書設(shè)計〔論文〕題目大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)設(shè)計與傳動計算學(xué)院機(jī)電工程學(xué)院專業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化及其自動化班級08級農(nóng)機(jī)〔2〕班學(xué)號2012年論文〔設(shè)計〕選題的來源、目的與意義：論文選題來源于指導(dǎo)老師推薦課題。目的：實現(xiàn)大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)械化。意義：減輕大豆玉米間作播種的勞動強(qiáng)度，實現(xiàn)大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)械化。設(shè)計〔論文〕的主要內(nèi)容：〔1〕概述我國大豆玉米種植情況和國內(nèi)外播種技術(shù)開展?！?〕大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)的分析與設(shè)計，包括排種器的選擇、地輪的設(shè)計、地輪軸的設(shè)計、中間傳動軸的設(shè)計、開溝器的的設(shè)計等?！?〕傳動局部的設(shè)計計算，主要設(shè)計了1級鏈傳動、2級鏈傳動。〔4〕對地輪軸進(jìn)行了校核。進(jìn)度方案〔進(jìn)度時間、主要工作內(nèi)容〕：2012-3-5至2012-3-10查閱資料，填寫開題報告。2012-3-11至2012-3-25產(chǎn)品設(shè)計構(gòu)思，文獻(xiàn)綜述2012-3-26至2012-4-30繪制大豆玉米間作播種機(jī)二維圖2012-5-1至2012-5-22撰寫畢業(yè)論文主要參考文獻(xiàn)：[1]胡霞.玉米播種收獲機(jī)械操作與維修[M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2021.[2]璞良貴.機(jī)械設(shè)計[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2007.[3]李寶筏主編.農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)[M].北京：中國農(nóng)業(yè)出版社，2003.[4]張波屏.播種機(jī)械設(shè)計原理[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1982論文〔設(shè)計〕工作起訖日期：2012年3月5日指導(dǎo)教師〔簽名〕院長/主任〔簽名〕aganemploymenttribunalclaiEmloymenttribunalssortoutdisagreementsbetweenemployersandemployees.Youmayneedtomakeaclaimtoanemploymenttribunalif:youdon'tagreewiththedisciplinaryactionyouremployerhastakenagainstyouyouremployerdismissesyouandyouthinkthatyouhavebeendismissedunfairly.Formoreinformu,takeadvicefromoneoftheorganisationslistedunder

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openeddisciplinaryproceedingsagainstCSKA

forthe"racistbehaviouroftheirfans"during

City's2-1win.MichelPlatini,presidentofEuropeanfootball'sgoverningbody,hasalsoorderedanimmediateinvestigationintothereferee'sactions.CSKAsaidtheywere"surprisedanddisappointed"byToure'scomplaint.InastatementtheRussiansideadded:"WefoundnoracistinsultsfromfansofCSKA."Agehasreachedtheendofthebeginningofaword.Maybeguiltyinhisseemstopassingalotofdifferentlifebecametheappearanceofthesameday;Maybebackinthepast,tooneselftheparanoidweirdbeliefdisillusionment,thesedays,mymindhasbeenverymessy,inmymindconstantly.Alwaysfeeloneselfshouldgotodosomething,orwritesomething.Twentyyearsoflifetrajectorydeeplyshallow,suddenlyfeelsomething,doit.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。Theendofourlife,andcanmeetmanythingsreallydo?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？Duringmychildhood,thinkluckymoneyandnewclothesarenecessaryforNewYear,butastheadvanceoftheage,willbemoreandmorefoundthatthosethingsareoptional;Juniorhighschool,thoughttohaveacrushonjustmeansthattherealgrowth,butoverthepastthreeyearslater,hiswritingofalumniinpeace,suddenlyfoundthatisn'treallygrowup,itseemsisnotsoimportant;Theninhighschool,thinkdon'twanttogiveventtooutyourinnervoicecanbeinthehighschoolchildrenofthefeelingsinaperiod,butwaseventuallyinfarctionwhengraduationpartyinthethroat,lateragainstoodonthepitchhehassweatprofusely,lookedathisthrownabasketballhoops,suddenlyfoundhimselfhasalreadycan'trememberhisappearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好似并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被堵塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally,thisworld,canproduceachemicalreactiontoanevent,inadditiontoresolutely,havetodo,andtime.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反響的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。Aperson'stime,yourideasarealwaysspecialtoclear.Want,want,lineisclear,asifnothingcouldshakehis.Alsoonceseemedtobedeterminedtodosomething,butmoreoftenishebackedoutatlast.Dislikehiscowardice,finallyfoundthattherearealotoflove,therearealotofmiss,likeshadowreallyhavebeendoomed.Thosewhodo,justgreenyearsoneselfgiveoneselfanarminjection,orisaself-righteousspiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好似沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好似已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好似冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。Atthemoment,theskyisdark,theairisfreshfactorafterjustrained.Suddenlythoughtofblueplaidshirt;Thosewerebrokenintovariousshapesofstationery;Fromthecorneratthebeginningofdeepfriendship;Havedeclaredtheendoftheencounterthathaven'tstartplanning...Thoseyears,thosedaysofdo,finally,likeyouth,willendinourlife.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅方案……那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartnerthedisappointingnews:Missionaborted.rplaysanimportantroleinthismission.Startingattheground,conditionshavetobeverycalm--windslessthan2mph,withnoprecipitationorhumidityandlimitedcloudcover.Theballoon,withcapsuleattached,willmovethroughthelowerleveloftheatmosphere(thetroposphere)whereourday-to-dayweatherlives.ItwillclimbhigherthanthetipofMountEverest(5.5miles/8.85kilometers),driftingevenhigherthanthecruisingaltitudeofcommercialairliners(5.6miles/9.17kilometers)andintothestratosphere.Ashecrossestheboundarylayer(calledthetropopause),ecanexpectalotofturbulence.Weoftencloseourselvesoffwhentraumaticeventshappeninourlives;insteadoflettingtheworldsoftenus,weletitdriveusdeeperintoourselves.Wetrytodeflectthehurtandpainbypretendingitdoesn’texist,butalthoughwecantrythisallwewant,intheend,wecan’thidefromourselves.Weneedtolearntoopenourheartstothepotentialsoflifeandlettheworldsoftenus.生活發(fā)生不幸時，我們常常會關(guān)上心門；世界不僅沒能慰藉我們，反倒使我們更加消沉。我們假裝一切仿佛都不曾發(fā)生，以此試圖忘卻傷痛，可就算隱藏得再好，最終也還是騙不了自己。既然如此，何不嘗試翻開心門，擁抱生活中的各種可能，讓世界感化我們呢？Wheneverwestarttoletourfearsandseriousnessgetthebestofus,weshouldtakeastepbackandre-evaluateourbehavior.Theitemslistedbelowaresixwaysyoucanopenyourheartmorefullyandcompletely.當(dāng)恐懼與焦慮來襲時，我們應(yīng)該退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六個方法有助于你更完滿透徹地敞開心扉。Wheneverapainfulsituationarisesinyourlife,trytoembraceitinsteadofrunningawayortryingtomaskthehurt.Whenthesadnessstrikes,takeadeepbreathandleanintoit.Whenwerunawayfromsadnessthat’sunfoldinginourlives,itgetsstrongerandmorereal.Wetakeanemotionthat’sfleetingandmakeitasolidevent,insteadofsomethingthatpassesthroughus.當(dāng)生活中出現(xiàn)痛苦的事情時，別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦，試著擁抱它吧；當(dāng)悲傷來襲時，試著深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我們一味逃避生活中的悲傷，悲傷只會變得更強(qiáng)烈更真實——悲傷原本只是稍縱即逝的情緒，我們卻固執(zhí)地耿耿于懷Byutilizingourbreathwesoftenourexperiences.Ifwedamthemup,ourliveswillstagnate,butwhenwekeepthemflowing,weallowmorenewnessandgreaterexperiencestoblossom.深呼吸能減緩我們的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滯；呼出呼吸，更多新奇與經(jīng)歷又將拉開序幕。2.EmbracetheuncomfortableWeallknowwhatthattwingeofanxietyfeelslike.Weknowhowfearfeelsinourbodies:thetensioninournecks,thetightnessinourstomachs,etc.Wecanpracticeleaningintothesefeelingsofdiscomfortandletthemshowuswhereweneedtogo.我們都經(jīng)歷過焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受過恐懼造成的生理反響：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻騰。其實，我們有能力面對這些痛苦的感受，從中領(lǐng)悟到出路。Theinitialimpulseistorunaway—totryandsuppressthesefeelingsbynotacknowledgingthem.Whenwedothis,wecloseourselvesofftothepartsofourlivesthatweneedtoexperiencemost.Thenexttimeyouhavethisfeelingofbeingtrulyuncomfortable,doyourselfafavorandleanintothefeeling.Actinspiteofthefear.我們的第一反響總是逃避——以為否認(rèn)不安情緒的存在就能萬事大吉，可這也恰好阻礙了我們經(jīng)歷最需要的生活體驗。下次感到不安時，不管有多害怕，也請試著勇敢面對吧。3.Askyourheartwhatitwants傾聽內(nèi)心We’reoftenconfusedatthenextsteptotake,makingprosandconslistsuntiloureyesbleedandourbrainsaresore.Insteadofalwaystakingthisapproach,whatifweengagedanewpartofourselvesthatisn’tusuallyinvolvedinthedecisionmakingprocess?我們常對未來猶疑不定，反復(fù)考慮利弊直到身心俱疲。與其一味顧慮重重，