2021年山東省濟(jì)南市長清月莊中學(xué)高三英語上學(xué)期期末試卷含解析

2021年山東省濟(jì)南市長清月莊中學(xué)高三英語上學(xué)期期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.We’dbetterleavenow,_____?A.wouldn’twe

B.couldn’twe

C.shouldn’twe

D.hadn’twe參考答案：D2.Ifyouintendtomakeatourofabigfactory,youhadbettermakeanappointment_______time.A.aheadof

B.incaseof

C.infrontofD.insearchof參考答案：A略3.He

apieceofchocolateformeandheatetherestofit.

A.brokeup B.brokeout C.brokeoff D.brokeaway參考答案：C13.Funnyanimalisatermusedincomicsandanimatedcartoons___theanimalsaregivenhumancharacteristics.

A.where

B.that

C.why

D.as參考答案：A略5.Afterlosingthematchforthethirdtime,hebecame_________towhatotherssaidabouthim.Aaddicted

Bavailable

Csensitive

Ddelighted參考答案：C6.Thetwobrotherslooksomuchalikethatitisdifficultto______.

A.tellthemfrom

B.tellfromthem

C.tellapartthem

D.tellthemapart參考答案：D

34.______nofurtherbusiness,thechairmanclosedthemeeting.

A.Itwas

B.Therewas

C.Ithaving

D.Therebeing參考答案：D略8.Poormanagementandleadership

widespreadtroubleinNewOrleansinthedaysafterHurricaneKatrina.

A．ledin

B．devotedto

C．relatedto

D．contributedto參考答案：D9.Allofusarepleasedtoseetheproblem______soquickly.A. solve

B.solving

C.tosolve

D.solved參考答案：D10._______we_______thenewpolicyforeconomy,wewouldneverhaveboughtthehouse.A.If;predicted

B.Did;predict

C.If;havepredicted

D.Had;predicted參考答案：D11.Wewillhavesix-dayholidayduringthecomingAPECmeetings

trafficontheroads．A．toease

B．easing

C．ease

D．havingeased參考答案：A句意：在亞太經(jīng)合組織會(huì)議期間，我們將有六天假期以緩解道路交通。動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。故選A。考點(diǎn)：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。12.Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn'tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmade

B.havingmade

C.made

D.making參考答案：B13.Shegotthephotosofherson______upnexttoherdesksothatshecouldseethemwhenevershemissedhim.A.topin

B.pinning C.beingpinned D.pinned參考答案：D14.—Isupposethere’llbealotofarguments.—_______A.Asyoulike.

B.Noproblem.

C.That’sagoodidea.

D.Ishouldimagineso.參考答案：D15.MsAliceisconsidereda________ladybyus,forsheoftenhelpsthepoorshemetwith.A.selfish

B.hopeful

C.mean

D.generous參考答案：D16.Thesicksalesmanwashappytostayathomebecausedoing_____wasathoroughrestforhim.A.everything

B.nothing

C.anything

D.something參考答案：B試題分析：考查不定代詞：句意：生病的銷售員很高興呆在家里，因?yàn)槭裁炊疾蛔鰧λ麃碚f是完全的放松。A.everything一切，B.nothing沒有什么，C.anything任何事情，D.something某些事情，從主句可知呆在家里是什么都不做。選B。考點(diǎn)：考查不定代詞【解析】17.從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項(xiàng)。1．baggage

A.

napkin

B.

native

C.

package

D.

primary2．resign

A．island

B．stops

C．bus

D．houses3．goods

A．cool

B．look

C．foolish

D．food4．climbed

A．stayed

B．limited

C．reached

D．cooked5．northern

A．faith

B．wealth

C.bathe

D．length參考答案：CDBAC18.ChinawillenhancefriendshipandcooperationwithallcountriesinvolvedintheBeltandRoadInitiative________theFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCo﹣existence．（）A．forthesakeof B．intheshapeofC．onthebasisof D．withthedevelopmentof參考答案：C【分析】中國愿在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則基礎(chǔ)上，發(fā)展同所有"一帶一路"建設(shè)參與國的友好合作．考查介詞短語．A．

forthesakeof為了某人/事物（起見）；B．

intheshapeof以某人/某事物的形式；C．onthebasisof以…為基礎(chǔ)，基于；D．withthedevelopmentof

隨著…的發(fā)展．本句句意為：中國愿在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則基礎(chǔ)上，發(fā)展同所有"一帶一路"建設(shè)參與國的友好合作．結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，將答案帶入句中，則選C．19.

--Excuseme,isthisshopopenallday?

--________.It’sonlyopenfrom9a.m.tomidnight.

A.Well,I’mnotsure

B.Oh,it’snothingspecial

C.Sorry,I’mafraidnot

D.Yes,ofcoursenot參考答案：C二、完型填空20.Ifeltlikeagoodmotheronthatsummermorning.I’d

____16____

upearly,madeapicniclunch,___17___

mythree-and

five-year-olddaughtersintothecar,driventomyfriend’shouse,packedherandher

____18____

intothecar,anddriventhehourandahalftotheshorewherewe

____19____

ourtowelsonthesandsby10a.m.Soonthegirlsbeganrunning.About50yardsfromus,aman,maybe

____20____

hislate50s,wasfishing.Thegirlsstoodnexttohimandwatchedwiththeirmouthsopen

____21____

hecastthelines.Hesmiled

atthem.

Theyallranbacktousexceptmythree-year-old

Drew,who,

_____22_____,justseated

herselfnexttothewhitebucketwherethemanwas

_____23_____

planningtoputthefishhecaught.However,suddenlya

_____24_____

cametomymind.IsitdangerousforDrewtostaytherewiththestranger?Goodmomsshouldalsoteachdaughtersthattheworldisdangerous.Then,Iwatchedthemlikethere

wasahidden

_____25_____

inthelifeguardchairfilmingthemanasAmerica’sMostWanted.Everyfewminutes,Ilookedtomyfive-year-oldtomakesureshehadn’tbeen

____26____outtosea,thenbacktoDrewtomakesuretherewasno

____27____

betweenherandthestranger.WhenIlookedatDrewagain,shehadstarted

____28____

withtheman.Shewasprobablytellinghimwherewelivedandhowherfatherwasawayon

_____29_____.Henodded.Shekepttalking.Henoddedagain,thentheylaughed.A

fewseconds

later,

she

ran

backto

us,with

atoyfishinher

hand.

It

must

havebeensomething

_____30_____heusedforbait(餌).Thethree

othergirlswere_____31_____,sotheydidn’ttryto___32___

howeagertheyweretohaveone.JustwhenIwasataloss,therehewas:theman,standingrightnexttous.Hewasholdingthreemoretoyfish.Hehandedthemtoeachofthegirls.Bytheir

____33____,Irealizedthathewas___34___

awarm-heartedman,meaningnoharmatall.“Thankyou”,Isaid,realizingthatyes,thereisevilinthisworld…butthereisalsogood,and___35___

instrangers,andlessonsformotherstolearnthatonlythree-year-oldscouldteachthem.16.A.settled

B.woken

C.risen

D.turned17.A.combined

B.loaded

C.divided

D.gathered18.A.daughters

B.sons

C.nieces

D.nephews19.A.expanded

B.covered

C.spread

D.increased20.A.in

B.on

C.at

D.of21.A.while

B.as

C.though

D.if22.A.otherwise

B.therefore

C.instead

D.besides23.A.Reasonably

B.hardly

C.merely

D.probably24.A.feeling

B.warning

C.greeting

D.saying25.A.recorder

B.radio

C.camera

D.computer26.A.swept

B.left

C.dropped

D.worn27.A.treatment

B.contact

C.agreement

D.link28.A.quarreling

B.arguing

C.debating

D.chatting29.A.vacation

B.business

C.leave

D.show30.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.where31.A.moved

B.disappointed

C.frightened

D.interested32.A.hide

B.tell

C.express

D.explain33.A.faces

B.fingers

C.arms

D.tongues34.A.usually

B.specially

C.actually

D.finally35.A.care

B.devotion

C.faith

D.kindness參考答案：16.B

17.D

18.A

19.C

20.A

21.B

22.C

23.D

24.B

25.C

26.A

27.B

28.D

29.B

30.C

31.D

32.A

33.A

34.C

35.D本文是一篇記敘文。作者在那個(gè)暑假的上午感覺像一個(gè)好媽媽，帶孩子去海灘玩耍。作者對陌生人心存警戒防備之心，但和孩子的游玩中得到了一個(gè)陌生男人的幫助，作者心存感激，感謝陌生人的善良。16.考查動(dòng)詞。A.settled解決，定居；

B.woken喚醒；

C.risen升高，站起來；

D.turned使變成。此題是上下文語境題。由本句和下文early,madeapicniclunch可知，此處提到的是woken，醒得早。所以選擇B選項(xiàng)。17.考查動(dòng)詞。A.combined使結(jié)合；

B.loaded裝載；

C.divided分開；

D.gathered聚集。此題是上下文語境題。由本句和下文2mythree-andfive-year-olddaughtersintothecar,可知，此處提到的是gathered，把三歲女兒和五歲女兒放到車?yán)?。所以選擇選項(xiàng)D。18.考查名詞。A.daughters女兒；

B.sons兒子；

C.nieces侄子；

D.nephews外甥。此題是上下文語境題。由本句和上文mythree-andfive-year-olddaughtersintothecar,以及下文Soonthegirlsbeganrunning.可知，此處提到的是daughters，所以選擇選項(xiàng)A。19.考查動(dòng)詞。A.expanded擴(kuò)大；

B.covered覆蓋；

C.spread傳播；

D.increased增長。此題是動(dòng)詞詞義的考查。由下文4ourtowelsonthesands可知，是把浴巾鋪開，spread有“鋪平，展開，延展”的意思。故答案為C。20.考查固定用法。此題是介詞搭配的考查。由下文5hislate50s,可知，是“在他五十多歲的時(shí)候”，inhislate50s有“五十多歲”的意思。inone’s+逢10的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故A項(xiàng)切題。21.考查狀語從句連詞的知識點(diǎn)。A.while當(dāng)---時(shí)候（表示一段時(shí)間）；

B.as當(dāng)---時(shí)候（表示同是進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）；

C.though盡管；

D.if如果。此題是上下文語境題。由上文Thegirlsstoodnexttohimandwatchedwiththeirmouthsopen以及下文hecastthelines可知，此處提到的是當(dāng)他----的時(shí)候，所以選擇選項(xiàng)B，as“當(dāng)-----的時(shí)候”。故B項(xiàng)切題。22.考查副詞。A.otherwise否則；

B.therefore因此；

C.instead代替，反而；

D.besides此外，而且。此題是上下文語境題。由上文Theyallranbacktousexceptmythree-year-oldDrew以及下文who,7,justseatedherselfnexttothewhitebucket可知，此處提到的是“他們都跑回來了，除了三歲的露，所以選擇選項(xiàng)C，instead“相反，代替”23.考查副詞。A.Reasonably合理地；

B.hardly幾乎不；

C.merely僅僅，只不過；

D.probably很可能。此題是上下文語境題。由下文themanwas8planningtoputthefishhecaught.可知，此處提到的是“他可能打算----”，所以選擇選項(xiàng)Dprobably“可能，或許”。24.考查名詞。A.feeling感情；

B.warning警告；

C.greeting問候；

D.saying諺語。此題是上下文語境題。由下文IsitdangerousforDrewtostaytherewiththestranger?Goodmomsshouldalsoteachdaughtersthattheworldisdangerous.可知，此處提到的“媽媽擔(dān)心有危險(xiǎn)”，所以選擇選項(xiàng)Bwarning“警告”。25.考查名詞。A.recorder錄音機(jī)；

B.radio收音機(jī)；

C.camera照相機(jī)；

D.computer電腦。此題是上下文語境題。由Iwatchedthemliketherewasahidden10inthelifeguardchairfilmingtheman可知，此處提到“我觀察他們，像有一個(gè)隱藏的相機(jī)”，尤其是下文filming“錄制，拍攝”所以選擇選項(xiàng)C，camera“相機(jī)”。26.考查動(dòng)詞。A.swept掃除；

B.left離開；

C.dropped使落下；

D.worn穿戴。此題是上下文語境題。由Everyfewminutes,Ilookedtomyfive-year-oldtomakesureshehadn’tbeen11outtosea,可知，此處提到“每隔幾分鐘，我都看看五歲的女兒，確保她別被沖刷到海里去”，所以選擇選項(xiàng)A，swept“沖走，掃出去”。..............................28.考查動(dòng)詞。A.quarreling爭吵；

B.arguing爭辯；

C.debating辯論；

D.chatting聊天。此題是上下文語境題。由下文Shewasprobablytellinghimwherewelivedandhowherfatherwasawayon14.Henodded.Shekepttalking.Henoddedagain,thentheylaughed.可知，此處提到“她們正在聊天，所以選擇選項(xiàng)D，chatting“聊天”。29.考查名詞。A.vacation假期；

B.business生意；

C.leave許可，休假；

D.show顯示，表演。此題是詞語搭配考查。由下文herfatherwasawayon14.可知，是“她父親在外地做生意”，onbusiness有“忙業(yè)務(wù)，做生意”的意思。故B項(xiàng)切題。30.考查定語從句。從上下文itmusthavebeensomething15heusedforbait.可知，本句考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用法，現(xiàn)行詞something在從句中做賓語，所以用that。31.考查形容詞。A.moved感動(dòng)的；

B.disappointed

感到失望的；

C.frightened

感到害怕的；

D.interested感興趣的。此題是上下文語境題。由上文Thethreeothergirlswere16,和下文howeagertheyweretohaveone.可知，此處提到“她們渴望，好奇”，所以選擇D。32.考查動(dòng)詞。A.hide

躲藏；

B.tell告訴；

C.express表達(dá)；

D.explain解釋。此題是上下文語境題。由上文Thethreeothergirlswereintrested,和下文theydidn’ttryto___17____howeagertheywere---可知，此處提到“她們感興趣，無法隱藏好奇心”，所以選擇A“隱藏”。33.考查名詞。A.faces臉；

B.fingers手指；

C.arms胳膊；

D.tongues舌頭。此題是上下文語境題。由上下文可知，此處意思是“通過她們臉上表情”，所以選擇A。34.考查副詞。A.usually通常；B.specially特殊地；C.actually事實(shí)上；D.finally最后。此題是上下文語境題。由下文19awarm-heartedman,meaningnoharmatall.可知，此處提到“他實(shí)際上是一個(gè)熱心，沒有惡意的人。”上文作者對陌生人心存警戒防備之心，這里所以選擇C,actually“實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上”。35.考查名詞。A.care關(guān)心；B.devotion奉獻(xiàn)；C.faith信仰；D.kindness善良。此題是上下文語境題。由上文“Thankyou”,Isaid,可知，此處提到“作者心存感激?！?，這里所以選擇D,kindness感謝陌生人的“善良，熱心，熱情”?！军c(diǎn)睛】做完形填空題時(shí)，有時(shí)單獨(dú)看一句話是找不到正確答案的，需要閱讀下句或者若干句才能明白。所謂上下對照，即在上文和下文中找到與正確答案相同的關(guān)鍵詞。因此，在做題時(shí)要邊讀邊在大腦中儲(chǔ)存上下文的信息。本題第17小題，由上文Thethreeothergirlswereintrested,和下文theydidn’ttryto___17____howeagertheywere---可知，此處提到“她們感興趣，無法隱藏好奇心”，所以選擇A“隱藏”。21.DuringmylaststayinFrance,Itooktobikingdownaquietroad．Rounda

36

,Ifoundawomansittinginfrontofalittleshabbyhouse．Idon’tknowwhy,butsomethingaboutherattractedmy

37

．IwavedatherasIwentby,andshemusthavethoughtIwassome

38touristbecauseshedidn’twaveback．Thesamethinghappenedthesecondday．Butonthethirdday,theoldwomanreturnedahesitated

39

,andthenextday,she

40

gotoutofherchairasIcalledout,“Morning,madam!”Itbecameasmallritual(儀式)

41

us．ShehadnoideawhoIwas,nor

42

Iwascoming,butsheseemedtobe

43

forme.Onmylastride,Iboughtsomeflowersand

44

downtothehouse,onlytofindshewasn’tthere．Shehadgonetohospitalforsurgeries．

45

,Itiedtheflowerstohergateasa

46

gift．Backatmyplace,I

47

Roger,thegardener,ofmymissed

48

．“Theoldladyatthecornerissuffering

49

injuries,throughwhichwalkinghasbeentroublingher,”hesaid,

50

“bythequietroadthereusedtobeastation．Wheneveratrainpassed,thecouplewouldseethepassengerswaving

51

,especiallythechildren—forthem,sucharidewashighadventure．

52

,everythingisgoneexceptforthiscouple.”Itseemsthatmybicycleride

53

mindherpastdays．AsRogersaid,“shehas

54

thetrainsandthewaves．Youbroughtthembacktoher.”Byreachingout,inawaythatcostme

55

,I’dgivenmorethanIhadrealized.36．A．corner

B．garden

C．hospital

D．shop37．A．sympathyB．feelingC．impressionD．interest38．A．humorous

B．silly

C．enthusiastic

D．willing39．A．smile

B．wave

C．look

D．weep40．A．nearly

B．hardly

C．merely

D．mostly41．A．from

B．beyond

C．between

D．a(chǎn)mong42．A．where

B．whether

C．how

D．when43．A．a(chǎn)pplying

B．looking

C．searching

D．waiting44．A．counted

B．cycled

C．fled

D．drove45．A．Disappointed

B．Relaxed

C．Amazed

D．Exhausted46．A．greeting

B．visiting

C．parting

D．celebrating47．A．a(chǎn)sked

B．told

C．reminded

D．convinced48．A．connection

B．devotion

C．reaction

D．donation49．A．leg

B．head

C．hand

D．a(chǎn)rm50．A．a(chǎn)dding

B．denying

C．predicating

D．concluding51．A．surprisingly

B．a(chǎn)ngrily

C．excitedly

D．casually52．A．Besides

B．Thus

C．However

D．Therefore53．A．calledback

B．calledto

C．calledby

D．calledfor54．A．missed

B．forgotten

C．lost

D．passed55．A．something

B．little

C．much

D．nothing參考答案：36—40ADBBA

41—45CDDBA

46—50CBAAA

51—55CCBAD三、閱讀理解22.

Moviesin2018Thepastyearwasabigyearintheworldofartandculture.Hereisalistofthetopmovieslastyear.BlackPantherReleasetime:FebruaryThemonthofFebruarybroughtmovieloversBlackPanther,thesuperheromoviefromMarvelComics.ThefilmtellsthestoryofanimaginaryAfricannationcalledWakanda.Thefilmearnedcriticalpraiseandalotofmoney.Infact,ithasbecomethe12thhighest-earningfilmofalltimeworldwide.AStarisBornReleasetime:OctoberInOctober,theworldsawsingerLadyGagachangeherselfcompletelyonthesilverscreen.GagastarredoppositeBradleyCooperinthemovieAStarisBorn.Thefilmwasmetwithmuchpublicexcitementandearned$100millioninUStheatersinjust12days.ThefilmanditsstarsarewidelyexpectedtoreceiveOscarnominations(提名).BohemianRhapsodyReleasetime:NovemberNovemberbroughtthereleaseofthefilmBohemianRhapsody.IttellsthestoryofQueen,theBritishrockgroupthatrosetoworldwidefameinthe1970s.Whilethefilmhasnotreceivedhighmarksfromcritics,musicloversaroundtheworldseempleased.Thefilmmade$600millioninitsfirstfiveweeks,makingitthemostsuccessfulmusicbiographicalfilmever.RomaReleasetime:DecemberTheOscarsarestillafewmonthsaway,butthetalkoftheawardsisalreadyunderway.Infact,theAcademyreleaseditsshortlistforninecategories,includingcandidatesforthebestforeignlanguagefilm.Asisexpected,Mexico’scriticallypraisedRomaisamongthem.Romatellsthestoryofahousekeeperforamiddle-classfamilyinMexicoCityduringthe1970s.FilmcriticsalsoexpectthefilmtocompetefortheBestPictureaward.NoforeignlanguagefilmhaseverwonBestPictureattheOscarsbefore.1.Whichfilmfocusesonthethemeofmusic?A.BlackPanther. B.AStarisBorn.C.BohemianRhapsody. D.Roma.2.WhatdidthefilmAStarisBornmeantoLadyGaga?A.Itmadeherfirstappearonscreen.B.Itmadeherbecomeasinger.C.IthelpedherreceivetheOscarsfinallyD.Itcontributedtohercareertransformation.3.WhatdoweknowaboutRoma?A.IthaseverwonBestPictureattheOscars.B.IthaseverbeencriticizedbytheAcademy.C.ItisexpectedbysomepeopletowintheOscars.D.Itisregardedasthebestforeignlanguagefilm.參考答案：1.C

2.D

3.C【分析】本文為說明文。藝術(shù)和文化領(lǐng)域，過去的2018年是重要的一年。文章介紹了2018年最熱門的幾部電影?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BohemianRhapsody部分的Whilethefilmhasnotreceivedhighmarksfromcritics,musicloversaroundtheworldseempleased.Thefilmmade$600millioninitsfirstfiveweeks,makingitthemostsuccessfulmusicbiographicalfilmever.（雖然這部電影沒有得到評論家的好評，但全世界的音樂愛好者似乎都很高興。這部電影在上映五周內(nèi)就賺了6億美元，成為有史以來最成功的音樂傳記電影）可知，BohemianRhapsody是一部以音樂為主題的電影。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AStarisBorn部分的InOctober,theworldsawsingerLadyGagachangeherselfcompletelyonthesilverscreen.（今年10月，全世界都看到歌手LadyGaga在銀幕上徹底改變了自己）可知，電影AStarisBorn促成了LadyGaga的職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型。故D選項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Roma部分的Infact,theAcademyreleaseditsshortlistforninecategories,includingcandidatesforthebestforeignlanguagefilm.Asisexpected,Mexico’scriticallypraisedRomaisamongthem.（事實(shí)上，美國電影藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué)院公布了包括最佳外語片在內(nèi)的9個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的候選名單。不出所料，墨西哥備受好評的Roma也在其中）可推知，有些人希望Roma能贏得奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解題主要考查考生對文章中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要事實(shí)的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。此外，在閱讀中可以使用定位法與跳讀法解決細(xì)節(jié)理解題。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子(即定位)，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析(尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換)，從而找出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關(guān)的句子(有時(shí)可能是幾個(gè)句子)或段落，然后進(jìn)行分析和推理等，從而找出正確答案。以本文第1小題為例，本題運(yùn)用定位法：我們根據(jù)題干Whichfilmfocusesonthethemeofmusic?其關(guān)鍵詞是thethemeofmusic，從而直接定位到含有music的文段——BohemianRhapsody部分的Whilethefilmhasnotreceivedhighmarksfromcritics,musicloversaroundtheworldseempleased.Thefilmmade$600millioninitsfirstfiveweeks,makingitthemostsuccessfulmusicbiographicalfilmever.（雖然這部電影沒有得到評論家的好評，但全世界的音樂愛好者似乎都很高興。這部電影在上映五周內(nèi)就賺了6億美元，成為有史以來最成功的音樂傳記電影）可知，BohemianRhapsody是一部以音樂為主題的電影。故C選項(xiàng)正確。23.ThestudyledbyMyrskyla,directoroftheMaxPlanckInstituteinGermanywasthefirsttoanalyzetheaccumulativeeffectofseveralkeyhealthbehaviorsondisability-freeandtotallifeexpectancy.Previousstudieshavelookedatsinglehealthbehaviors.Myrskylaandcolleaguesinsteadexaminedseveralbehaviorssimultaneously（同時(shí)）,whichallowedthemtodeterminehowlongandhealthythelivesofpeoplewhohadavoidedmostofthewell-knownindividualbehavioralriskfactorswere.Theresearchersnotedthateachofthethreeunhealthybehaviors—obesity,smoking,andunhealthyconsumptionofalcohol—waslinkedtoareductioninlifeexpectancyandtoanearlieroccurrenceofdisabilities.However,smokingwasfoundtobeassociatedwithanearlydeathbutnotwithanincreaseinthenumberofyearswithdisability,whileobesityledtoalongperiodoftimewithdisability.Excessivealcoholconsumptionwasfoundtocausebothde