2021英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題限時集訓(xùn)7推理判斷之文章出處、讀者對象含解析

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2021新高考英語（山東專用）二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題限時集訓(xùn)7推理判斷之文章出處、讀者對象含解析專題限時集訓(xùn)（七）推理判斷之文章出處、讀者對象AAbout1。5billionpeoplespeakEnglisharoundtheworld.Butformorethan1.1billionofthem，Englishistheirsecondlanguage-oftenwithanoticeableaccent.“Someone'saccentreallyrevealsalotaboutwhotheyareandtheiridentity。Itwilltellpeoplewhattheirnativelanguageisandprobablywheretheycomefrom，”saysMarcPell，acommunication'sprofessoratMcGillUniversityinMontreal。AndaccordingtoPell,onereactiontoitcanbeabias(偏見）againstthatperson.Previousresearchthathasbeendoneelsewhereshowedthatpeoplewhohaveanaccenttendtobetrustedless，simplybecausetheyhaveanaccent。Butaccentsaren'ttheonlythingwelistenforwhenwehavetodecideifwetrustanotherperson。Toneofvoicealsoplaysarole.Pellandhisteamwantedtoknowifpeoplewouldtrustaconfidenttone，evenifitcamefromsomeonewithanaccent。TheresearchershadCanadianEnglishspeakerslistentodifferentversionsofpeoplesayingneutral（無明顯特性的）statementslike“shehasaccesstothebuilding"whiletheyweregettingabrainscaninanMRI(磁共振成像)machine。SubjectsheardsomeonesayitwithaconfidenttonewithaCanadianEnglishaccent,anAustralianaccentoraFrenchaccent。Participantsalsoheardthesentencewiththethreeaccentsspokeninadoubtfulorneutraltone。TheMRIscansshowedthattheparticipantshadtousemorebrainpowertodecideiftheycouldtrustthestatementssaidwiththenon。nativeaccents。WhenthestudyparticipantsheardtheAustralianorFrenchaccents，bloodflowincreasedtothepartofthebrainthatweusetoprocesssound.Theyseemedtohavetoanalyzethatperhapsmorecarefully，orforalongerperiodoftimetomakethisdecisionaboutwhethertheytrulybelievedthespeaker，especiallywhenthespeakersoundeddoubtful.Whenasked，theparticipantsreportednottrustingeitherAustralianorFrenchaccents—exceptwhenthestatementsweresaidconfidently.Itseemsthatconfidencespeaksforitself.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。雖然人們會因一個人的口音而對他產(chǎn)生一定的偏見，但是只要他說話時很自信，也同樣會贏得人們的信任。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto？A．Aperson’saccent。B．Aperson’sidentity。C．Aperson'shometown.D．Aperson’snativelanguage.A[考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，MarcPell認(rèn)為，人的口音能透露出一個人的身份和母語，還有可能揭示他來自哪里,人們可能會因一個人的口音而對他產(chǎn)生一定的偏見。由此可推知，it指的是“一個人的口音”.故正確答案為A。］2．WhatdidPell’steamwanttoknow?A．Whysomepeopletrustothersless。B．Whichpartsofthebraindealwithsound.C．Whatcancauseabiasagainstnon-natives.D．Whetheranon。native’sconfidenttonecangaintrust.D［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Pellandhisteamwantedtoknowifpeoplewouldtrustaconfidenttone,evenifitcamefromsomeonewithanaccent?！笨芍?，Pell的團隊想知道人們是否會信任帶有口音的自信語調(diào).故正確答案為D。］3．Forthestudyparticipants，whichofthefollowingmightdemandthemostbrainpower？A．ACanadianspeakingEnglishinafriendlyway。B．AFrenchpersonspeakingEnglishneutrally。C．AnAmericanspeakingEnglishconfidently.D．AnAustralianspeakingEnglishdoubtfully.D［考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段第一至三句“TheMRIscansshowedthattheparticipantshadtousemorebrainpowertodecideiftheycouldtrustthestatementssaidwiththenon-nativeaccents。.。Theyseemedtohavetoanalyzethatperhapsmorecarefully，orforalongerperiodoftimetomakethisdecisionaboutwhethertheytrulybelievedthespeaker，especiallywhenthespeakersoundeddoubtful."可知,當(dāng)面臨用遲疑的語氣說出帶口音的話語時，參與者需要耗費更多的腦力去判斷其是否可信。由此可推知，在面對一位用遲疑的語氣說英語的澳大利亞人時,人們需要耗費更多的腦力去判斷其是否可信.故正確答案為D。］4．Wheredoesthistextmostprobablycomefrom？A．Aresearchplan.B．Ahealthmagazine。C．Anacademicjournal.D．Alanguage-learningguide.C［考查文章出處。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究成果，即雖然人們會因一個人的口音而對他產(chǎn)生一定的偏見，但是只要他說話時很自信，也同樣會贏得人們的信任。由此可推知，本文最有可能摘自一本學(xué)術(shù)雜志。故正確答案為C。］BYoungtreesdon’tjustgrow;theydevelopapersonalityandlearnmoreabouttheirenvironmentandhowtheyshouldbestbehaveinit.Theyalsohelpeachotheroutwheneverthere’strouble.Personality，justasamongpeople,variesamongtrees。Someareanxious，somebold.Ontheauthor'sland，therearethreeoaktreesgrowingclosetogether。Oneoftheoaktreesalwaysstartstosheditsleavestwoweeksearlierthantheothers。Sincetheyallexperiencethesametemperature,thesamesoilandthesamelengthofday，suchvariablescan’tbetheexplanation.Sowhat’shappening?Well,thistreeissimplymorecarefulthantheothers。Whoeverholdsontotheirleaveslongercandomorephotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoremorenutrients。However,thelongeratreekeepsitsleaves，thehighertheriskofinjury.Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions，theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes.Atree,forexample，keepingitsleavestoolongduringoneyearwillnevermakethismistakeagain。Thisleadstoseveralotherconclusions：treesmustnoticethetemperatureandthelengthofthedayandbeabletosavetheirexperiencessomewhere.Obviously，treesdon'thavebrains，butitisthoughtthatinthesensitivetipsoftheirrootstheykeeptrackofinformationandexperiences.Buttreesaren’tonlycleverwhenitcomestocaringforthemselves.Theyalsosupporteachotherwheneverthere’stroublebygivingwarningsandeventakingcareofsickandweakconspecificswithnutrients。Forexample，onetimetheauthorfoundaveryoldtreestump.Itsinsideshadrottedalongtimeagototopsoil。Butthewoodontheoutsideofthestumpwasstillliving。Howwasthispossible？Well，thestumpwasnourishedbyitsneighborswithnutrientsfromtherootsystem，andhadbeenforatleast400years!Whydotreesdosuchathing？It'ssimple:it’sbettertogether。Treesneedtheforest；itprotectsthemfromstorms，providestherightmicroclimateandwarnsthemofattacks.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了樹的智慧。5．Whydoestheauthormentionthethreeoaktrees？A．Toillustratetreescanlearnfromexperiences。B．Toshowtreescanmakeindependentdecisions。C．Toexplaintreesarequitesupportivetoeachother。D．Toprovetreeshavethesamepersonalitiesashumans。B[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段第四句可知，三棵橡樹中，有一棵總比其他兩棵先落葉；結(jié)合第三段第一句可知，樹木能自己做決定；據(jù)此可推知，作者提及三棵橡樹旨在說明樹木可以自己做決定，故B項正確。］6．Accordingtothetext，whichofthefollowingbestdescribesgeneralfeaturesoftrees?A．Anxiousandbold.B．Smartandadventurous。C．Helpfulandwell.behaved.D．Adaptableandsupportive.D［考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第一句，并結(jié)合第三段內(nèi)容可知,樹木不僅能自己做決定，還能從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓(xùn)；據(jù)此可推知,樹木適應(yīng)能力強；根據(jù)第四段第一、二句可知,樹木不僅善于照顧自己,當(dāng)遇到困難時，它們會發(fā)出警告，相互支持，甚至照顧生病、虛弱的同類；據(jù)此可推知，樹木之間互幫互助，故D項正確。]7．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“dosuchathing”mean?A．Givewarnings。B．Offerassistance.C．Dependonothers.D．Providenutrients.B[考查詞義猜測.根據(jù)第四段尾句可知，樹樁是由它的鄰居從根處給予營養(yǎng)來滋養(yǎng)的；結(jié)合第五段第一句“Whydotreesdosuchathing？”和第五段的內(nèi)容可知，該處表示“為什么樹木要互相幫助？"，故畫線短語是指提供幫助，故B項正確.]8．Wheredoesthistextmostprobablycomefrom？A．Apubliclecture.B．Asciencebook。C．Anexperimentreport。D．Atraveljournal。B［考查文章出處.通讀全文可知，本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了樹的智慧：每棵樹都有它不同的個性，遇到困難時它們也會互相幫助；研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，樹不但能自己做決定，還能從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓(xùn)；據(jù)此可推知，本文最可能選自科學(xué)書籍，故B項正確。］CWho’rehappier,menorwomen？Researchshowsit'sacomplexquestionandthataskingwhethermalesorfemalesarehappierisn’treallythathelpful，becausebasically，happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen。Women’shappinesshasbeendecliningforthepast30years，accordingtorecentstatistics.Andresearchshowsthatwomenaretwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepressioncomparedwithmen.Gender（性別)differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological，psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifference。Earlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedtoexpressdifferentfeelings。Womenaremorelikelytoexpresshappiness，warmthandfear，whichhelpwithsocialbondingandappearmoreconsistentwiththetraditionalroleasaprimarycaregiver，whilemendisplaymoreanger，prideanddisrespect，whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandproviderrole.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarenotjustsocially,butalsogeneticallyrelated.Studieshavelookedintothesefindingsfurtheranddiscoveredthatfemalesusemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirrorneurons（鏡像神經(jīng)元）thanmaleswhentheyprocessfeelings。Mirrorneuronsallowustoexperiencetheworldfromotherpeople’sview，tounderstandtheiractionsandintentions。Thismayexplainwhywomencanexperiencedeepersadness。Womentendtoexperiencemorenegativefeelings，suchasmoreguilt，shameandtoalesserdegree，embarrassment。Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomendifferinthewaytheyprocessandexpressfeelings.Withtheexceptionofanger,womenexperiencefeelingsmorestronglyandsharetheirfeelingsmoreopenlywithothers.Studieshavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation-whichhasbeenlinkedtogreaterhappiness.Thissupportsthetheorythatwomen’shappinessismoredependentonrelationshipsthanmen’s.【語篇解讀】本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面介紹了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。9．Whichfeelingaremenmore