高中英語-非謂語動詞解題原則教學(xué)設(shè)計學(xué)情分析教材分析課后反思

非謂語動詞課標(biāo)分析：非謂語動詞包括todo不定式，動詞的ing形式和過去分詞。具體時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化如下：todo不定式動詞的ing形式過去分詞一般式tododoingdone一般式的被動態(tài)tobedonebeingdone______進(jìn)行式tobedoing_____________完成式tohavedonehavingdone______完成式的被動態(tài)tohavebeendonehavingbeendone______以上為高考要求掌握的內(nèi)容，深刻領(lǐng)會各種形式的基本含義：todo表目的，表將來。tobedone表示將來被動。tobedoing表示正在進(jìn)行。tohavedone表示先于謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生。tohavebeendone表示先于謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生，且表示被動意義。doing表示主動進(jìn)行，與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生。beingdone表示被動進(jìn)行。havingdone表示先與謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生。havingbeendone表示完成被動，多做狀語，表示先與謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生。done表示被動、完成。教材分析：非謂語動詞復(fù)習(xí)專題Non-finiteVerb找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞（含短語）1.Tomreturnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.7.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowersboughtbyhermother.8.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗爭。)下面從二個方面來復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞1.非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則2.非謂語動詞解題四大步驟一.非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時表示被動意義原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained如：Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing－ing形式作伴隨狀語與todo作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語的－ing形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號;而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要比謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號。用括號里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,______alongspeech.(prepare)4.___________warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenoneattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.大雨滂沱，造成了那個地方洪水泛濫。6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.（2005卷）A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.(2005廣東卷)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.（2006陜西卷）A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動式；如果所涉及的動作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_____.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn13.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）14._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated15.Themanager，_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making16.—LiMingissaid____abroad.Doyouknowwhatcountryhestudiedin?/hewillstudyin?/hestudiesin?—Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動作被動、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistattendingthemeeting_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait19.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost20.—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving注：受thefirst，thesecond,thelast修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語。Youarethesecondtomakethatmistake.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.這是一個已經(jīng)討論了的問題。Thisisaproblem________________(discuss)2.這是一個正在討論的問題。Thisisaproblem__________________(discuss)3.這是一個將要討論的問題.Thisisaproblem__________________(discuss)原則一：用作目的狀語，______________________________________________________原則二：用作伴隨狀語，______________________________________________________原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，_______________________________________________________原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，_________________________________________________原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，_________________________________________________原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，____________________________________原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，_________________________學(xué)情分析：非謂語動詞是高中語法中比較難的一項，形式多樣，用法靈活，普遍掌握較差。主要表現(xiàn)為：分不清謂語還是非謂語形式。不會找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語，所以不知選用主動還是被動。不會分析與主句謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。所以不知選用非謂語動詞的時態(tài)形式。不會分析句子成分，不知道各種形式的基本含義，所以不能做到在它們之間進(jìn)行靈活選擇。題意看不懂，單句理解差，一些固定用法掌握不牢。非謂語動詞復(fù)習(xí)專題教學(xué)分析：Non-finiteVerb找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞（含短語）1.Tomreturnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.7.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowersboughtbyhermother.8.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗爭。)下面從二個方面來復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞1.非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則2.非謂語動詞解題四大步驟一.非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時表示被動意義原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”為被動關(guān)系，故選D。如：Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved【解析】由于與句子主語之間為主動關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng)時持續(xù)了一會兒，故用-ing。句意為：當(dāng)信號燈變綠時，我站在那兒一會兒沒動，心想自己該怎么辦。4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing【解析】listen是伴隨sat而同時由主語he發(fā)出的，所以用-ing作伴隨狀語；listento后跟不帶to的不定式/-ing作賓補(bǔ)。－ing形式作伴隨狀語與todo作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語的－ing形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號;而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要比謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號。用括號里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,______alongspeech.(prepare)4.___________warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenoneattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet【解析]此處用-ing表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.大雨滂沱，造成了那個地方洪水泛濫。6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動式；如果所涉及的動作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見”，故要用被動式，因此可排除B和C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽見”為目的狀語，動作在當(dāng)時尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選A。10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】of后應(yīng)接-ing，desks與openandclose之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，又因couldbeheard，所以選-ing的被動式表正在被進(jìn)行的動作。11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_____.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn13.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings【解析】因為watching的邏輯主語一定是人，排除選項A和B；又因在hear后作賓補(bǔ)的是省略了to的不定式，所以選項D中的rings是錯誤的。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）14._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated【解析】因為Australia與separate是被動關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語動詞has之前，所以用-ing的完成被動式作原因狀語。15.Themanager，_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making【解析】因為Themanager與make是主動關(guān)系，且make發(fā)生在謂語left之前，所以用-ing的完成式作狀語，havingmade...相當(dāng)于whohadmade...的意思。16.—LiMingissaid____abroad.Doyouknowwhatcountryhestudiedin?/hewillstudyin?/hestudiesin?—Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動作被動、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistattendingthemeeting_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait19.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost20.—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving注：受thefirst，thesecond,thelast修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語。Youarethesecondtomakethatmistake.你是第二個犯這錯誤的人。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.這是一個已經(jīng)討論了的問題。2.這是一個正在討論的問題。3.這是一個將要討論的問題。Thisisaproblemdiscussed.（已經(jīng)完成的被動動作）Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.（正在進(jìn)行的被動動作）Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.（將要進(jìn)行的被動動作）原則一：用作目的狀語，…原則二：用作伴隨狀語，…原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，…原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，…原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，…原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，…原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，…Practice:（測評練習(xí)）1.Arailwaystationisnoplaceforachild_____aloneatnight.A.leaveB.leavingC.tobeleavingD.tobeleft2.Wewerewarned_____thefishwhichmightgiveusaslightstomachupset.A.nottoeatB.noteatingC.toeatnotD.eatingnot3._themselvesawaketheysatonthefloorandtoldeachotherstories.A.KeepB.