新編研究生綜合英語教程UNIT6

新編研究生綜合英語教程

AdvancedEnglishforGraduateStudents:

GeneralSkills&AcademicLiteracy2021/5/91UnitSIX

Medicine2021/5/92TextAItDoesn’tHavetoBeSad:TheLifeofaHospicenurseTextBWhyRelativesDoNotDonateOrgansforTransplants:“Sacrifice”or“GiftofLife”2021/5/93Everyonemustexperiencebirth,growthanddeath.Lifeanddeath,asasensitivetopic,arousesdifferentfeelingsfromdifferentpeople.Formanydeathbringssadness,butothersthinkdeathisarenewaloflife.Nowadaysmanypeoplearemoreconcernedabouthowtoenjoyagoodanddecentdeaththanhowtoliveahappylife.Inthisunit,wewilltalkaboutlifeanddeath.Whenpeoplehearthewordhospice,theyusuallylinkittodeathanddying.Infact,hospiceisfocusedmoreaboutprovidingcare,comfortandsupporttopatientsduringtheirfinaldaysoflife.Hospicecareisactuallyend-of-Preface2021/5/94Lifecare.Ateamofhealthcareprofessionalsandvolunteersprovidesit.Theygivemedical,psychological,andspiritualsupport.Thegoalofthecareistohelppeoplewhoaredyinghavepeace,comfort,anddignity.Thecaregiverstrytocontrolpainandothersymptomssoapersoncanremainasalertandcomfortableaspossible.Hospiceprogramsalsoprovideservicestosupportapatient’sfamily.Usually,ahospicepatientisexpectedtolive6monthsorless.Hospicecarecantakeplaceathome,atahospicecenter,inahospitalorinaskillednursingfacility.2021/5/95BackgroundInformationPre-readingQuestionsTextAItdoesn’thavetobesad:thelifeofaHospicenurseVocabularyExercises

TextAItdoesn’tHavetoBeSad:TheLifeofaHospiceNurseContents2021/5/961.Informationabouttheauthors2.InformationabouthospicecareBackgroundInformation2021/5/97DianaK.Suggisanindependentwriterandprofessionaleditor.ShewonaPulitzerPrizein2003intheBeatReportingcategoryfor“CruelestMystery:DeathBeforeLife”.AsahealthreporterattheBaltimoreSun,DianaK.Snuggcoversabroadrangeofmedicaladvances,researchandhealthpolicy.Inhereightyearsatthepaper,Sugghaswonlocal,stateandnationalawards.Background1.Informationabouttheauthors2021/5/98Hospice

careisatypeofcareandphilosophyofcarefocusingonthe

palliationofa

terminallyillorseriouslyillpatient'spainandsymptoms,andattendingtotheiremotionalandspiritualneeds.Theconceptofhospicehasbeenevolvingsincethe11thcentury.Then,andforcenturiesthereafter,hospiceswereplacesofhospitalityforthesick,wounded,ordying,aswellasthosefortravelersandpilgrims.Themodernconceptofhospiceincludespalliativecarefortheincurablyillgiveninsuchinstitutionsas

hospitals

or

nursinghomes,butalsocareprovidedtothosewhowouldratherspendtheirlastmonthsanddaysoflifeintheirownhomes.Itbegantoemergeinthe17thcentury,butmanyofthefoundationalprinciplesbywhichmodernhospiceservicesoperatewerepioneeredinthe1950sbyDame

CicelySaunders.WithintheUnitedStates

thetermislargelydefinedbythepracticesofthe

Medicare

systemandother

healthinsurance

providers,whichmakehospicecareavailable,eitherinaninpatientfacilityoratthepatient'shome,topatientswithaterminalprognosiswhoaremedicallycertifiedtohavelessthansixmonthstolive.Background2.Informationabouthospicecare2021/5/99OutsidetheUSA,thetermhospicetendstobeprimarilyassociatedwiththeparticularbuildingsorinstitutionsthatspecializeinsuchcare(althoughso-called“hospiceathome”servicesmayalsobeavailable).OutsidetheUSAsuchinstitutionsmaysimilarlyprovidecaremostlyinanend-of-lifesetting,buttheymayalsobeavailableforpatientswithotherspecificpalliativecareneeds.Hospicecarealsoinvolvesassistanceforpatients’familiestohelpthemcopewithwhatishappeningandprovidecareandsupporttokeepthepatientathome.Althoughthemovementhasmetwithsomeresistance,hospicehasrapidlyexpandedthroughtheUnitedKingdom,theUniteStatesandelsewhere.Background2021/5/910Q1:Whatisthepurposeoflife?Howdoyouunderstandthemeaningoflife?Howdoyouthinkagoodlifeshouldbelived?Areyousatisfiedwithyourlife?

Q2:Whatisyourattitudetowardsdeath?Andhowcanpeoplehaveadecentdeath?Pre-readingQuestions2021/5/911Q3:Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkaremostimportantina

doctor/patientrelationship?Q4:Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheoldpeople?Q5:Ifyouknewyouweregoingtodie,wouldyouchoosehospicecare?

Pre-readingQuestions2021/5/912OrganizationoftheTextTextExplanation&TranslationTextAItdoesn’thavetobesad:Thelifeofahospicenurse2021/5/913

MainIdeaPartOne:(Para.1-7)Thebriefintroductionofthehospicecare,thenurseJillCampbell,andherjob.PartTwo(Para.8-13)Itdevelopsaroundherjob,howshejugglescrisis,howmuchhelpthehospicecarecanprovidetothepatients.PartThree(Para.14-22)Itgivestheexactexample,LindaSchuberth,toshowJillCampbell’seffortandtheimportanceofthehospicecare.OrganizationoftheText2021/5/914Whatdoesitfeelliketohelpdyingpatientsthroughtheirfinaldays?ExperienceitthroughtheeyesofhospicenurseJillCampbell,whodoesherjobwithgrace,compassion,andgratitude.1.Outside,it'snoisyonthisbusyblockofrowhousesinBaltimore.Butinsideonetidylivingroom,allisquietexceptforthesoundofawoman'sraspybreathing.Thepatientishuddledinaneasychairunderahandmadepink-and-blueafghan,aknitcaponherheadandbootiesonherfeet.Shehastroublestayingwarmthesedays.Hercancerhasreturnedwithavengeance

andshehasonlyafewweekstolife.TextAItDoesn’tHavetoBeSad:TheLifeofaHospiceNurse幫助即將離世的患者度過最后的時(shí)光會(huì)是怎樣的感受呢？讓我們借助吉爾·坎貝爾的所見經(jīng)歷這一切吧。吉爾·坎貝爾把優(yōu)雅、同情和感激全然融入到工作中。1.在巴爾的摩的這個(gè)由聯(lián)排房屋構(gòu)成的繁忙街區(qū)，外面一片喧鬧，但是在里面一間潔凈的臥室里，除了只能聽到一位女士刺耳的呼吸聲之外，周圍一片寂靜。這位病人蜷縮在一把安樂椅上、身上蓋著一條厚厚的手工制的粉藍(lán)色毛毯、頭上戴著一頂針織帽，腳上穿著一雙軟毛襪。這些天來這位病人一直沒辦法讓自己保持溫暖的狀態(tài)。她的癌癥復(fù)發(fā)了，而且到了很嚴(yán)重的程度。她在世上的日子不過幾個(gè)星期了。DianaK.Sugg2021/5/915HospicenurseJillCampbellkneelsdownbesideherpatient,listenstoherbreathing,andthenchecksherbloodpressure.Campbellhasalreadyhauledinoxygentanks,showedfamilymembershowtoworkthem,organizedthemedicine,andassessedhowherpatienthasbeeneatingandsleeping.

TextAItDoesn’tHavetoBeSad:TheLifeofaHospiceNurse臨終關(guān)懷護(hù)士吉爾·坎貝爾跪在她的病人身旁，聽她的呼氣，檢查她的血壓。坎貝爾已經(jīng)把氧氣瓶拉近了，她向病人家屬展示如何使用氧氣瓶，之后她又準(zhǔn)備好藥物，緊接著又評(píng)估了一下病人的飲食和睡眠狀況。DianaK.Sugg2021/5/9162.Butnowisamomenttoconnectone-on-one.Campbellwrapsherhandsaroundthewoman’shandsandrubsthemtogethertowarmthem.Shelooksintoherface.“areyoufeelingalittlebetter?”sheaskssoftly.

TextAItDoesn’tHavetoBeSad:TheLifeofaHospiceNurse2.但是現(xiàn)在是坎貝爾和患者之間一對(duì)一的接觸時(shí)刻?？藏悹栍米约旱氖治孀∵@位女病人的手。為了讓病人的雙手暖和些，她幫這位病人揉搓著雙手?？藏悹柨粗∪说哪槪p柔地問道：“現(xiàn)在感覺好一些了嗎？”DianaK.Sugg2021/5/9173.GettingtoknowherpatientsandhelpingthemthroughthetoughesttimeoftheirlivesiswhatCampbell,43,appreciatesmostaboutbeingahospicenurse.“Idon’tknowofanotherpositionwhereyoucandomoreforpeople,”shesays.TextAItDoesn’tHavetoBeSad:TheLifeofaHospiceNurse3.坎貝爾43歲，身為一名臨終關(guān)懷護(hù)士，坎貝爾最為珍視的就是了解她的病人并且?guī)椭麄兌冗^生命中最艱難的時(shí)光。她說：“我不知道還有哪個(gè)職業(yè)能像臨終關(guān)懷工作一樣為人們做出更多貢獻(xiàn)?！?/p>

DianaK.Sugg2021/5/9184.Herpatientshaveallbeentoldthattheyhavesixmonthsorlesstolive.Ratherthancontinuewithoften-difficultorpainfultreatmentsthatprobablywon’textendtheirlives,theyhavedecidedtostoptryingforacure.Instead,withthehelpofhospicecare,they’llfocusoncomfortandonlivingwhatevertheyhaveleftoftheirlivestothefullest---usuallyintheirownhome.TextAItDoesn’tHavetoBeSad:TheLifeofaHospiceNurse4.她的病患都被告知他們?cè)谑郎系臅r(shí)光最多不過6個(gè)月。與其繼續(xù)一向很艱難又痛苦的治療，而且往往這些治療可能并不會(huì)延長(zhǎng)他們的壽命，這些病患已經(jīng)決定不再嘗試尋找任何治療手段。相反地，在臨終關(guān)懷的幫助下，他們往往更注重如何舒適地生活并且盡情地享用余生。他們通常會(huì)選擇在自己家里接受臨終關(guān)懷。DianaK.Sugg2021/5/9195.Beingabletodieathomeisamajorpartoftheappeal

ofhospice,butpatientsandfamilymembersmaynotseeitthatwayatfirst.“Alotofpeoplestillviewhospiceasgivingupandlettingthediseasein,”saysCampbell.That’swhythedecisiontocallinhospicecarecanbeanincrediblydifficultoneforafamilytomake.Oncetheydo,though,mostpatientsandtheirfamiliessoonunderstandthevalueofhavingateamofdedicatedprofessionals---includingsocialworkers,healthaides,chaplains,andnurses---worktogethertoprovidenotonlyphysicalbutalsoemotionalandspiritualsupport.

5.能夠在家中逝去是人們選擇臨終關(guān)懷的主要原因之一。但是病人和他們的家屬起初并沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)?？藏悹栒f:“很多人把臨終關(guān)懷視為放棄治療并且向疾病屈服。”這正是為什么對(duì)于家人來說做出選擇臨終關(guān)懷這個(gè)決定有如此艱難的原因。然而，一旦他們做了這個(gè)決定，大多數(shù)病人和家人很快就會(huì)理解其中的意義所在，即一支由社工、健康師（助理）、牧師和護(hù)士組成的專業(yè)人士通力合作為病人和家屬提供身體上、感情上和精神上的支持與幫助。

2021/5/920WhenCampbelltookthejobatGilchristHospice

Carethreeyearsago,shehadthesamefearsasanyoneabouthospice.Asamotherofthreeandaveterannursewho’dworkedinoperatingrooms,sheexpectedittobeunbearablysad.Butonherfirsthomevisit,shewassurprisedthatthefamilymemberswererelaxedandsharingfunnystoriesabouttheirdyingfather.“There’sstillhappinessinthesadnessofit,”shesays.三年前當(dāng)坎貝爾開始在吉爾克里斯特臨終關(guān)懷中心工作時(shí)，她和其他人一樣對(duì)臨終關(guān)懷抱有相同的畏懼和憂慮。作為三個(gè)孩子的媽媽和經(jīng)歷豐富的手術(shù)室護(hù)士，坎貝爾原以為這份工作需要承受難以忍受的悲傷。但是當(dāng)她第一次到病人家造訪時(shí)，她很驚訝地看到病人的家人都很放松，并且他們能夠和即將離世的父親分享有趣的故事?？藏悹栒f：“在悲傷中仍然能夠感受到幸福?！?021/5/9216.Byspendingtimeinsidepatient’shomes,Campbellhaswitnessedtheblessingsofapeacefulendingtolife.She’sseenfamilymembersresolvelongstanding,hurtfuldisputesandbereunited.Forsomepatientsthevictorieshavebeensmallerbutequallyprofound:avisittoahairsalonorbeingabletositoutsideonaniceday.Butgettingpateientsandtheirrelativestothatplaceofpeaceandacceptancecanbetough.Somefamiliesaredividedorresistanttotheideaofhospice.OnefamilyaskedCampbelltocoverherbadge,thinkingthatiftheirgrandmothersawthewordhospiceshe’dgiveupanddie.6

在病人家度過的時(shí)光讓坎貝爾目睹了平靜地向生命告別是何等蒙恩。她看到家人是如何解決那些持久又傷人的爭(zhēng)論之后又言歸于好，一團(tuán)和氣的。對(duì)于許多患者來講能夠去一趟美發(fā)沙龍、在晴朗的天氣里去外面坐坐都是莫大的勝利。這些看似很小的事情對(duì)患者來講卻有著深遠(yuǎn)的意義。但是要想讓患者和他們的家人能夠平靜地接受臨終關(guān)懷卻是一件難事。在很多家庭里成員間意見有分歧，還有些家庭對(duì)臨終關(guān)懷持抵制態(tài)度。曾經(jīng)有這樣一個(gè)家庭，他們要求坎貝爾擋住她的徽章。因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心如果祖母看到了徽章上臨終關(guān)懷的字樣，她將會(huì)放棄，進(jìn)而離世。2021/5/9227.Others,unnecessarilyworriedaboutdrugaddiction,won’tgivetheirsickrelativepainmedicinewhenit’sneeded.Andsomepatientsareafraidoftakingmorphine,thinkingitwillstoptheirreathingormakethem

feeloutofit.“Didyoutakethemedicine?”Campbellasksacancerpatient,whoisholdingherribcageinagony.Campbellsquatsbesidethehesitantwomanandassureshershe’llstaywithherwhileshetakesit,tomakesureshe’sokay.Thepatientisworriedshe’lljustsleepawaythetimeshehasleft,butpainmedicineoftenallowsapersontofeelbetterandactuallydomore.

7.還有一些家庭即便在病人需要服用止痛藥的時(shí)候也不讓病人服用，因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心病人會(huì)因服用藥物而上癮。然而這些擔(dān)心都是不必要的。有些病人害怕服用嗎啡，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為嗎啡會(huì)讓他們呼吸停止并且很不自在?！澳愠运幜藛?？”坎貝爾問一位癌癥患者，這位患者正在痛苦地抓著胸腔?？藏悹柖自谶@位猶豫的病人身旁，向她保證當(dāng)她服藥的時(shí)候坎貝爾會(huì)陪著她以確保她會(huì)平安無事。這位病人擔(dān)心她會(huì)把所剩的時(shí)光都睡過去，但是止痛藥通常能讓病人感覺更好并且實(shí)際上能起到更大的作用。2021/5/923JugglingCrises8.ManydaysCampbellisbusyjugglingcrises---onepatienthasfallendown,anotherisvomiting,andanotherisclosetodaying.Otherdays,shedelicatelynavigatesthefearsofpatientsandfamilieswithhergentle,groundedspirit.Inhomeafterhome,shefindsthatpeoplewhattoknowthesamethins:howlongtheyhaveleftandwhatthefinalmomentswillbelike.Someonlywanttoknowifshecankeepthemcalmandoutofpain.Shecan.Otherswantdetails,soshe’llexplainthataftertheystopeatinganddrinking,forexample,theywillbecomesemicomatoseandjustgraduallyslipaway.處理危機(jī)8.很多天來坎貝爾一直忙于處理各種危象：一位患者跌倒了，另外一位正在嘔吐、還有一位馬上就要離世了。其它的日子里，坎貝爾細(xì)心地憑借自己溫柔善意的、不屈不撓的精神排解病人和家屬的恐懼。走訪了一家又一家坎貝爾發(fā)現(xiàn)人們都想知道相同的事情：一是他們還有多少時(shí)光；二是最后的時(shí)刻會(huì)是什么樣子。有些人只想知道坎貝爾能否讓他們平靜下來并且脫離痛苦。她能做到。另外一些人想知道一些細(xì)節(jié)，于是坎貝爾會(huì)向他們解釋例如在他們停止進(jìn)食后，他們會(huì)處于半昏迷狀態(tài)并且會(huì)漸漸地離開人世。2021/5/9249.Somestillwonderiftheycouldbetherarepersonwhosurvives.“Hasthereeverbeenacasewheresomebodywalksawayfromthis?”one75-year-oldgrandfatherasksherhopefully.“Idon’tknow,”Campbellsaysafteramoment.Sheexplainsthatit’shardtosaywithhiskidneydisease.“l(fā)iveeachday,”shetellshim.Then,notinghisjokesabouteatingwhateverhewantsandhavinghisdaughterandwifewaitonhim,sheaddswithasmile,“Andobviouslyyouare.”9.一些人依舊想知道他們是否會(huì)是能夠幸存的少數(shù)人。曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)75歲的祖父，他滿懷希望地問坎貝爾“有沒有哪個(gè)病人從這活著走出去？”過了一會(huì)兒，坎貝爾說:“我不知道?！彼忉尩缹?duì)于他的這種腎病很難說能否幸存下來。她告訴老人“活好每一天?！本o接著老人開玩笑說想吃什么就吃點(diǎn)什么吧，并且讓他的女兒和妻子等著他。注意到老人的玩笑后坎貝爾微笑著補(bǔ)充道:“很顯然你就是這樣做的，享受活著的每一天?！?021/5/92510.Becausemanypeopleseehospicecareastheendofhope,therareevensomedoctorswhoarereluctnttobringuptheoption.Asaresult,morethanathirdofhospicepatientsdon’tstartpalliativecareuntiltheyhavejustdayslefttolive.Ironically,somepatientswhogethospicecarelivelongerthanthosewhodon’t,studiesshow.Butmanywaituntilit’snearlytoolate,andthosepeopleoftensacrificethechanceforclosure.10.因?yàn)楹芏嗳税雅R終關(guān)懷視作最后的希望，因此很多醫(yī)生甚至都不情愿向病人提出臨終關(guān)懷這項(xiàng)選擇。而這么做的結(jié)果是多于三分之一的臨終關(guān)懷患者直到生命僅剩幾天時(shí)光時(shí)才開始接受臨終關(guān)懷治療。而具有諷刺意味的是：研究顯示相比那些沒有接受臨終關(guān)懷的患者來說，接受臨終關(guān)懷的患者活的時(shí)間要更長(zhǎng)。但是很多人一直等到幾乎是太晚了以至于他們經(jīng)常犧牲了以臨終關(guān)懷的方式向生命告別的機(jī)會(huì)。2021/5/92611OnedayCampbellgetsamessage:Themanshe’sjustseenforthefirsttimetwohoursearlierhasalreadydied.“Ooh,”shesays,lettingoutalong,frustratedsigh.Sheknowswhatshecouldhavedoneforhimifshe’dhadmoretime---thesamethingshewantsforherselfwhenherlifeisending:achancetohavethoselastconversations,tobecomfortable,athome,surroundedbylovedones.11.一天坎貝爾收到了一條信息：就在兩小時(shí)前她第一次探望的病人辭世了?！班蓿彼f，伴隨著一聲很長(zhǎng)的沮喪的嘆息。如果坎貝爾有更多時(shí)間的話，她知道她會(huì)為這位病人做些什么：創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)讓病人在家中舒服地被所愛的人包圍，最后再和他們說說話，而這正是她所希望自己在生命盡頭時(shí)所能擁有的。2021/5/92712.That’swhyshetriestofocusonwhatpatientswant.Andwhenaterminallyillpersonhangson

longerthanseemspossible,Campbellhaslearnedthatthepatientisoftenwaitingforsomethingtoberesovled.Inonecaseadyingwoman’sadultchildrenaregatheredatherbedside.Oneofthedaughters,inparticular,isheartbrokenanddistraught.Thechaplainleadstheminprayerandthenthechildren,leaningoneachother,leavetheroom.“l(fā)ook,they’retogether,”Campbellwhisperedtothewoman,sensingsheisworriedaboutthem.“Ifyouwant,it’sokaytogo.They‘regoingtobeokay.”Withinminutes,thewomandies.12.這也正是她盡所能關(guān)注患者所需的原因所在?？藏悹柕挠H身經(jīng)歷讓她知曉當(dāng)身患絕癥的病人比看似可能的情況下堅(jiān)持了更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，這通常說明患者在等待某件事情得以解決。有這樣一個(gè)案例：在一位即將離世的婦人床邊聚集了她的成年子女。其中的一個(gè)女兒悲痛欲絕。牧師帶領(lǐng)他們禱告，緊接著孩子們相互依偎走出了房間?？藏悹栆庾R(shí)到老婦人放心不下她的孩子們，于是對(duì)她耳語道：“看，他們?cè)谝黄?。如果這就是你所期望的，那就放心地走吧。他們會(huì)沒事的?！睅追昼姾螅蠇D人辭世了。2021/5/92813.“Peoplearesoafraidofhowit’sgoingtoend,”Campbellsays.“Butwhenyou’rebeenthereandheldtheirhandandwatchedthemtaketheirlastbreath,youseethatit’sarealypowefulmoment---powerfulandpeaceful.”13.坎貝爾說：“人們對(duì)如何離開人世都心存恐懼。但是一旦當(dāng)你在場(chǎng)，握住他們的手，看著他們咽下最后一口氣，你就會(huì)明白這真的是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的時(shí)刻——強(qiáng)大又平安的時(shí)刻?！?021/5/929Connecting14.GettingtoknowherpatientsisthemostrewardingpartofJillCampbell’sjobasahospicenurse.DuringthefourmonthsCampbellcaresforher,Schuberthcanbarelyspeak.Butbyusingherexpressiveeyes,aswellasbytappingoutwordsonaniPad,shemanagestohavearunningconversationwithCampbellaboutfrozenyogurt,theirfamilies,andherbeloveddogs.聯(lián)系14.對(duì)于一位臨終關(guān)懷護(hù)士來說，吉爾·坎貝爾認(rèn)為她工作中最讓她欣慰的就是了解她的患者們。在坎貝爾照顧舒伯茨的四個(gè)月里，舒伯茨幾乎不能說話。但是舒伯茨通過在iPad上敲字，同時(shí)用她那會(huì)說話的眼睛盡量與坎貝爾進(jìn)行連續(xù)的交流。她們談?wù)摰脑掝}包括冷凍酸奶、她們的家庭和她心愛的狗。2021/5/93015.It'sasif,underothercircumstances,theycouldbefriends."Therearesomepatientsthatyoubecomeemotionallyattachedto,”Campbellsays."HowcouldyounotLinda?She’ssuchanawesomeperson.”Sheneverleaveswithoutgivingherabighug.15.如果在其它場(chǎng)合結(jié)實(shí)，她們很可能會(huì)成為朋友?？藏悹栒f：“有一些患者會(huì)讓你在感情上很依戀。如果沒有琳達(dá)，該怎么辦呀？她是這么出色?！泵看坞x開時(shí)坎貝爾都不忘給琳達(dá)一個(gè)大大的擁抱。2021/5/93116.EverytimeCampbellvisitsLindaSchuberth,shefeelsasthoughshe’sgettingagift.Schuberth,56,issufferingfromamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orLouGehrig’sdiseaseAsanoccupationaltherapistwhospecializesinswallowingdisordersinchildren,sheislosingherownabilitytoswallow.AndtheBaltimorewoman,whousedtocompeteintriathlons,isconfinedtoawheelchair,herlimbsstiffanduseless.

16.每次坎貝爾探望琳達(dá)，坎貝爾都會(huì)感覺像是收到一份禮物一樣。56歲的舒伯茨身受肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥，又叫盧·格里克癥的困擾。作為一名職業(yè)治療師，舒伯茨一直專治兒童吞咽混亂。然而現(xiàn)在她自己卻喪失了吞咽能力。這位過去常常參加鐵人三項(xiàng)競(jìng)技的巴爾的摩女士，現(xiàn)在卻被限制在輪椅上。她的四肢堅(jiān)硬、派不上用場(chǎng)了。2021/5/93217.Campbellisstruckbytheironyofthat.YetSchuberthpersevereswithyoga,pooltherapy,andaspeciallyequippedstationarybicycle."Whatshe'sdoingissoamazing,"Campbellsays."She'sinspiring.".17.這樣具有諷刺意味的事讓坎貝爾倍受打擊。然而舒伯茨卻不屈不撓，她堅(jiān)持不懈地練習(xí)瑜伽，堅(jiān)持水池療法，并且在專門配備的固定自行車上鍛煉?？藏悹栒f：“她說做的一切真是了不起。她總是讓人振奮，鼓舞人心?！?021/5/93318.在12月末的一天，舒伯茨眼睛明亮，盡管她的面部肌肉越來越無力，但她依舊努力呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)燦爛的微笑。坎貝爾問道：“今天看到你的朋友們了嗎？”這些朋友就是巴爾的摩肯尼迪·克里格研究所的工作人員，她們都是舒伯茨的同事。過去，舒伯茨在這里從事專業(yè)治療師的工作，而現(xiàn)在她自己在這里接受治療。舒伯茨點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，身體向前傾斜來使用她的iPad。她的手指蜷曲在一起，很堅(jiān)硬，因此需要借助一個(gè)夾板把一個(gè)手指頭分出來用來敲字。舒伯茨在鍵盤上敲了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，隨即一個(gè)電腦化的聲音大聲說出了舒伯茨關(guān)于她的同事們所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容：“非常想念。”18.

OnadayinlateDecember,Schuberth‘seyesarebrightanddespitethefactthatherfacialmusclesaregettingweaker,shepullsoffabigsmile.“Didyouseeyourfriendstoday?”Campbellasks,referringtothestaffatKennedyKriegerInstitutioninBaltimore,whereSchuberthworkedasanoccupationaltherapistandnowgetsherowntherapy.SchuberthnodsandleansforwardtouseheriPad.Herfingersarecurledandrigid,soasplinthelpstoseparateonefingerfortyping.Forseverallongmomentsshetapsonthekeyboard.ThenacomputerizedvoicespeaksoutwhatSchuberthwantstosayabouthercolleagues:"Misssomuch."

2021/5/93419."Shethinksherearsstickoutwiththenewhaircut,butIthinkshelooksreallygood,"saysSchuberth'shusbandof21years,KenSchuberth,MD,apediatricallergisinBaltimore.HetellsCampbellthathenevercouldkeepupwithhisathleticwife,whowaspassionateaboutrunning,cycling,andyoga.Campbellsavorsseeingthemtogether.19“她認(rèn)為剛剛剪過頭之后她的耳朵顯得太突出了，但是我認(rèn)為她看上去真的很好，”舒伯茨的丈夫說。舒伯茨的丈夫，肯·舒伯茨是一位醫(yī)學(xué)博士，在巴爾的摩工作，是一名小兒過敏癥?？漆t(yī)師。他們結(jié)婚已經(jīng)有21年了。他告訴坎貝爾他從來都跟不上他這位像運(yùn)動(dòng)員一樣的妻子，她狂熱于跑步、騎單車和瑜伽?？吹剿麄?cè)谝黄鹱尶藏悹柡苄牢俊?021/5/93520.FormonthsALShasmadeitharderforSchuberthtoswallowanything,includingthepillsthateasethepainandstiffnessinherlimbs.OnedayinlateFebruary,sherealizesthatshecannolongerswallowatall.ShepainstakinglytypesamessagetoCampbellandKen:“I’msotired....”Shedoesn’twanttoevenconsiderusingafeedingtube.Theyknowwhatthatmeans,andatearrunsdownKen'sface."It'sbreakingmyheart,"Campbellsays.20.幾個(gè)月來肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥讓舒伯茨吞咽東西變得更加困難，其中包括能減輕痛苦和緩解四肢僵硬的藥丸。在二月末的一天，她意識(shí)到她再也不能吞咽了。她痛苦地給肯和坎貝爾敲打出一個(gè)信息：“我太累了……”她甚至不考慮使用飼管。他們知道這意味著什么，一滴眼淚流淌在肯的臉上?？藏悹栒f：“這讓我的心都碎了?！?021/5/93621.

asOnadarklate-winterday,Schuberthisbundledunderabluefleeceblanketinahospitalbedinhercomfortablelivingroom.Friendscomeintwosandthreestoherbedside."We'rerelivingsomanywonderfulmemories,"Kensays."Althoughshecan'tspeak,shereallyhearseverythingthatpeoplesay."Justthatmorning,helaughs,hiswifehadsignaledhimtotakeouttherecycling.21.在深冬的一個(gè)陰天，舒伯茨躺在她舒適的臥室里的醫(yī)院用病床上，身上包裹著一條藍(lán)色的羊毛毯子。朋友們?nèi)齼蓛蓙淼剿牟〈策?。肯說：“我們一起回憶了那么多美好時(shí)光。盡管舒伯茨不能說話，但是她真的能夠聽到大家說的每件事。”就在那天下午，肯笑了，因?yàn)槭娌氖疽馑鸦厥盏臇|西取出。2021/5/937但是現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)她被痛苦和悲傷徹底壓倒時(shí)，舒伯茨開始抽泣。當(dāng)坎貝爾用藥物、語言和撫摸來減輕舒伯茨的痛苦時(shí)，肯輕撫著妻子的頭發(fā)。開始下雨了，這正是坎貝爾要趕回家的時(shí)候，家里還有三個(gè)孩子在等著她。她輕聲對(duì)舒伯茨說再見，同時(shí)溫柔地親吻了一下舒伯茨的額頭，這是她給舒伯茨的最后一吻。所有一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，為了讓舒伯茨能夠如愿地安詳離世。隨后，舒伯茨的家人圍聚在她的身旁，她平靜地走了。22.如果你知道自己來日不多的話，你會(huì)如何選擇？Butnow,asthepainandsorrowoverwhelmher,Schuberthbeginstosob.Kenstrokeshiswife'shairasCampbellsoothesherwithmedicine,words,andtouches.It'sstartingtorain,andit'stimeforCampbelltogethometoherthreekids.Shewhispersgood-byeandgivesSchuberthonelast,gentlekissontheforehead.ThegroundworkislaidforthepeacefulendingSchuberthwants.Later,withherfamilygatheredaroundher,shequietlypassesaway.22.

Ifyouknewyouweregoingtodie,whatwouldyouwant?2021/5/938GilchristHospiceCare,anon-profitorganization,isthelargesthospiceinMarylandandprovidesthehighestqualityhospiceandsupportservices,whetherhome-basedorinpatient,tothousandsofindividualsandfamiliesresidingthroughoutCentralMarylandeachyear.Itsservicesincludemedicalandnursingcare,socialworksupport,homehealthandvolunteerassistance,aswellasspiritualandgriefcounseling.GilchristHospiceCare2021/5/939AmyotrophicLateralsclerosis(ALS),alsoreferredtoasmotorneuronedisease(MND)inmostCommonwealthcountriesandasLouGehrig’sdiseaseintheUnitedStates---isadebilitatingdiseasewithvariouscausesfeaturingrapidlyprogressiveweakness,muscleatrophy,musclespasticity,difficultyspeaking(dysarthria),difficultyswalloing(dysphagia),anddifficultybreathing(dyspnea).肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis2021/5/940Feedingtubeisamedicaldeviceusedtoprovidenutrituiontopatientswhocannotobtainnutritionbymouth,areunabletoswallowsafely,orneednutritionalsupplenmentation.Thestateofbeingfedbyafeedingtubeiscalledgavage([g?‘vɑ??]n.填喂法),enteralfeeding(腸道喂養(yǎng)法)ortubefeeding.Placementmaybetemporaryforthetreatmentofacuteconditionsorlifelonginthecaseofchronicdisabilities.Feedingtube2021/5/941LouGehrig’sdisease:盧·格里克癥，肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥，俗稱為漸凍人癥，是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)和致命的神經(jīng)退行性疾??；又稱肌萎縮性脊髓側(cè)索硬化癥（ALS,Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis)。起因是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)控制骨骼肌的運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元（motorneuron）退化所致。ALS病人由于上、下運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元（upper/lowermotorneurons）都退化和死亡并停止傳送訊息到肌肉，在不能運(yùn)作的情況下，肌肉逐漸衰弱、萎縮。LouGehrig’sdisease2021/5/942Astationarybicycle(alsoknownasexercisebicycle,exerciserbike,orexercise)isadevicewithasaddle,pedals,andsomeformofhandlebarsarrangedasonabicycle,butusedasexerciseequipmentratherthantransportation.Stationarybicycle2021/5/943KennedyKriegerInstituteisaninternationallyrecognizedinstitutiondedicatedtoimprovingthelivesofindividualswithdisordersofthebrain,spinalcord,andmusculoskeletalsystem.KennedyKriegerInstitute2021/5/944comapassionwithavengeanceappealdedicatedfeeloutofitagonyjugglevomitnavigaterarepalliativehangonpersevereinspiringsavoroverwhelmstrokesootheCoreVocabularyList2021/5/945compassion

/k?m'p??(?)n/n.compassion

isafeelingofpity,sympathy,andunderstandingforsomeonewhoissuffering.同情Elderlypeopleneedtimeandcompassionfromtheirphysicians.老年人需要醫(yī)生的時(shí)間和同情心。compassion

2021/5/946withavenveage/'ven(d)?(?)ns/morecompletelyortoagreaterdegreethanisnormal,expectedordesired猛烈地，極度地;（比正常的、預(yù)期的或想要的）程度更深或更甚Themarkethasturnedagainstthecontinentwithavengeance.市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)開始對(duì)歐洲大陸進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)性打擊。同義詞：heavily

/

strong

/

hard

/

fiercely

/

violently

venveage

2021/5/947appeal

/?‘pi:l/n.&v.

aqualitythatmakesyoulikesomeoneorsomething,beinterestedinthem,orwantthem吸引力；感染力Itsnewtitlewasmeanttogivethepartygreaterpublicappeal.其新的名字意在給予該黨更大的公眾吸引力。Ontheotherhand,theideaappealedtohim.另一方面，這個(gè)主意對(duì)他有吸引力。sexappeal性感l(wèi)astingappeal持久的吸引力appeal

2021/5/948dedicated

/'ded?ke?t?d/adj.devotedtoacauseoridealorpurpose;committed專注的，投入的；

獻(xiàn)身的；專用的bededicatedtodoing/sthI

have

a

chapter

in

thebook

dedicated

to

this

topic.在我的這本書中有一章專門討論這個(gè)話題。Suchareasshouldalsobeservedbydedicatedcycleroutes.這些地區(qū)也應(yīng)該可由自行車專用路線到達(dá)。dedicated2021/5/949feeloutofit:INFORMALtobeunabletothinkclearlybecauseyouareverytired,drunketc.迷迷糊糊的;渾渾噩噩的I

always

feel

out

of

it

when

they

start

playingquizgames

becauseeveryone

is

muchmore

clever

than

me.

當(dāng)他們開始進(jìn)行智力競(jìng)賽時(shí)我總是感到我迷迷糊糊的，因?yàn)槲矣X得他們每個(gè)人都比我精明得多。feeloutofit2021/5/950agony

/'?ɡ?n?/n.extremementalorphysicalsuffering（精神或肉體的）極大痛苦agony

Anewmachinemaysavethousandsofanimalsfromtheagonyofdrugtests.一種新機(jī)器可能使成千上萬只動(dòng)物免于藥物試驗(yàn)的極大痛苦。inagony疼痛；痛苦掙扎namelessagony不知名的痛苦agonyaunt問答專欄阿姨；心理咨詢阿姨2021/5/951juggle

:/'d??ɡl/v.trytofittwoormorejobs,activitiesetc.intoyourlife盡量兼顧Themanagementteammeetsseveraltimesaweektojugglebudgetsandresources.管理團(tuán)隊(duì)一周開幾次會(huì)，力圖兼顧預(yù)算和資源。易混淆的詞：junglejuggle

2021/5/952vomit/'v?m?t/v.ejectthecontentsofthestomachthroughthemouth嘔吐Anyproductmadefromcow'smilkmadehimvomit.任何牛奶制品都會(huì)讓他嘔吐。Shebegantovomitbloodafewdaysbeforeshedied.她在去世前幾天開始吐血。同義詞：throwupvomit

2021/5/953navigate

/'n?v?ɡe?t/v.(fig比喻)findone’swaythrough,over,etc.(sth.)v.設(shè)法穿越Whensomeone

navigates

ashiporanaircraftsomewhere,theydecidewhichcoursetofollowandsteeritthere.給(船或飛機(jī))導(dǎo)航He'sgottolearnhowtonavigatehiswayaroundtheresidence.他應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)如何繞過這片住處。CaptainCookwasresponsibleforsafelynavigatinghisshipwithoutaccidentfor100voyages.庫(kù)克船長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)了安全導(dǎo)航他的船，百次航行無事故。

navigate2021/5/954rare/re?(r)/adj.notseenorfoundveryoften,ornothappeningveryoften罕見的，

稀有的；不尋常的I

happened

ona

rare

stone

ina

small

jeweller's.我在一家小珠寶店偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊罕見的寶石。rareearth稀土元素的氧化物rareearths稀土rarebook珍本書，善本rarebreed鳳毛麟角，稀有品種rareanimal稀有動(dòng)物rarecommodity奇貨可居raredisease罕見病，奇病rare

2021/5/955palliative

/?p?li?t?v/n.&adj.(medicine)thatreducespainwithoutremovingitscause減輕的；緩和的；姑息劑；治標(biāo)劑；

緩解劑

Treatmentofelectricalburnsispalliative.電燒傷的治療只起治標(biāo)作用Aspirinisapalliativedrug.阿司匹林是一種緩解劑。palliative

2021/5/956hangoncontinuedoingsomethinginspiteofdifficulties

堅(jiān)持下去Onepiece

of

advice

I

give

people

who

havejust

experiencedhardship

isto

just

hang

on.我告訴那些剛剛經(jīng)歷過困境的人們的忠告只有一條，那就是—----—堅(jiān)持下去。同義詞：hanginthere/keepatithangon2021/5/957persevere

/?p?:s?'v??(r)/v.continuetryingtodosomethingespeciallyinspiteofdifficulties堅(jiān)持做某事（尤指不畏困難）Perseverewith;persevereinIfyouperseverewithwork,you'llsucceedintheend.

你如果把工作堅(jiān)持下去，最終會(huì)取得成功的。Wemustpersevere

inthearduouswork.

我們一定要堅(jiān)持這項(xiàng)艱苦的工作。同義詞：insist/persist/adhereto/clingto

persevere

2021/5/958inspiring

/?n?spa??r??/adj.givingpeopleenergy,afeelingofexcitement,andadesiretodosomethinggreat;stimulating鼓舞人心的；

激勵(lì)的；

啟發(fā)靈感的Shewasaverystrong,impressivecharacterandoneofthemostinspiringpeopleI'veevermet.她性格堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，令人欽佩，是我見過的最能鼓舞人心的人物之一。His

speech

was

inspiring

an