高中英語-How life began on the earth教學設計學情分析教材分析課后反思

學情分析在我校高中階段，英語學習是不少學生的薄弱點，在高中各學科中，英語學習的困難居其他學科之首（尤其對男生），導致很多學生對英語學習失去了興趣，甚至放棄了對英語的學習。主要表現(xiàn)在一下下幾個方面：1．學習英語的目的不明大多數(shù)人把學習英語看作是“為了高考”，是“被迫無奈”，而沒有當作是多掌握了一樣人生的工具。因此，不少學生缺乏學習動力，無法將強烈的學習愿望變成強大的學習內(nèi)驅力，有效地推動自己的英語學習。事實表明，目的明確的學生英語學習水平較高，而缺乏明確目的的學生，水平較低。教師應該試圖提升學生的學習動機，從而提高中學生的英語學習水平。2.缺乏積極的學習態(tài)度和毅力不少學生對英語學習的努力程度不夠。他們有學好英語的愿望，但缺乏學習的毅力，沒有長期努力的思想準備。他們不愿在英語學習上多花時間與精力，遇到困難很容易產(chǎn)生疲勞感，甚至厭煩感。積極的學習態(tài)度會促進英語水平的提高，而消極的態(tài)度會抑制進步。他們的學習態(tài)度主要是建立在興趣之上的。因此，教師應盡可能呼喚起他們的積極態(tài)度，提升學習效果。要避免一人講課、眾人聽課的局面，多一些互動，吸引學生參與課堂教學。教師要精神飽滿地上課，因為你的態(tài)度會直接影響學生的行為。盡量讓課堂充滿生氣，提高學生自主學習的能力。3.缺乏對英語的興趣和信心對英語的興趣“一般”或“不大”的人數(shù)較多。興趣是推動學習的重要力量。人們對有興趣的東西往往表現(xiàn)出極大的積極性。如果學生對英語學習有興趣，就會產(chǎn)生學習動力。不少學生對學好英語不抱任何希望。自信心是一種強大的內(nèi)部動力，能激勵人積極行動，追求一定的目標，堅持不懈地去實現(xiàn)自認為可達到的成就。學生自信心越強，就越易學好英語，學習進步越大，學習的自信心就越足。自信心強的學生英語學習水平較高，而缺乏自信心的學生，由于害怕出錯，得到的操練機會少，語言能力提高就不明顯。因此提高自信心對提高英語學習水平非常重要。4.缺乏最基本的學習方法語言學習的最大特點是輸出的能力是由輸入量的大小來決定的。也就是說，讀得多聽得多言語能力就會越強。學習本族語，你不找它，它也會找你。但學習英語你不找它，它永遠不會找你。因此，對于我們學生，最急需做的是讓他們持續(xù)不懈地多讀多聽。效果分析從整個教學流程來看，通過各種活動，如，限時閱讀、完成文章大意練習，再進行文章結構分析，逐段理解并完成正誤判斷，具體信息練習，文章填空等讓學生能夠根據(jù)老師的教學設計意圖成功完成老師安排的各項教學活動，使學生獲得了由整體到部分再到整體的認識的升華，使抽象復雜的文章變得通俗易懂，達到了預期效果。教材分析“讀前”（Pre—reading）部分主要是讓學生弄清楚什么是科學思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化傳統(tǒng)。學生總喜歡聽故事或者講故事，在探討生命起源之前，讓學生探討一下關于宇宙起源的種種傳說，既有趣味性，又能調動學生的相關知識，激發(fā)他們的思維?！伴喿x”（Reading）部分講述了地球生命的起源，水的形成使得地球有別于其他星球，它使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能?？茖W家認為，地球上的生命首先誕生于水中，然后通過上百萬年后，陸地上才長出綠色植物，然后出現(xiàn)陸棲動物和水陸兩棲動物。最初的動物靠孵化繁衍后代，后來出現(xiàn)了哺乳動物，人類也隨之產(chǎn)生了。文章最后講述的現(xiàn)象發(fā)人省醒：Theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon..它關系到地球上生命的未來?！袄斫狻保–omprehending）部分通過四個選擇題檢測學生對本文核心問題的理解：地球上生命的起源和延續(xù)需要哪些條件？隨后通過排序的方式幫助學生理解本文的行文線索，也就是地球上生命起源和發(fā)展歷程。最后提出兩個問題，考察學生深層理解和推斷能力。評測練習第一部分：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Dadwasnotonlymybestfriend,butmycompass(指南針).Whilehewasalive,he1mewithhisactionsandadvice.Hetaughtmeoneimportant2:“Believeinyourself.”Iftherewasonephrasemydad3likedtohear,itwas“Ican’t.”Henevergottofinishhighschooland4twojobstosupporthislargefamily,5henevercomplained.Througheducationandyearsofhardwork,mydadbecameanexcellentjournalist.WhenIwasinhighschool,Ihada6timewithmath.Hetriedtohelpme,butI7struggled.SomymathteachersuggestedImeetwithhimat7:00eachmorningbeforeschoolfor8help.ItoldDad,“That’s9!I’mtired!Ican’tdothat!”Hereplied,“You’redoingit.I’llsendyoutoschool.”Everymorningat6:45,we’dleavethe10.Despite(盡管)working12hourseveryday,Dadneveronce11drivingmetoschool.Aftermonthsof12,Iwasfacingthefinalexam.Iwasso13.Onthedayofthefinal,mydadhuggedmeandsaid,“Luke,14yourself.Youcandoit.”HiswordsmademerealizeIneededtotrustinmy15andinthehoursofworkI’d16.WhenIgotmy17proudly,thefirstpersonIcalledwasmyfather.Hecried,“Yes!Youdeservedit!”Evennow,wheneverI18thatataskistoomuchforme,Ithinkbacktothatexam.Nomatterhow19somethingis,ifyou’rewillingtowork,youcansucceed.I’mforever20toDadforthatlesson.1.A.understood B.forgave C.guided D.impressed2.A.history B.lesson C.skill D.language3.A.always B.almost C.ever D.never4.A.took B.lost C.left D.finished5.A.so B.or C.but D.and6.A.good B.free C.terrible D.short7.A.still B.nearly C.hardly D.probably8.A.real B.practicalC.immediate D.extra9.A.wonderful B.crazy C.expensive D.necessary10.A.house B.school C.office D.farm11.A.suggested B.risked C.enjoyed D.missed12.A.meeting B.testing C.learning D.interviewing13.A.excited B.nervous C.happy D.shocked14.A.standfor B.holdback C.believein D.lookafter15.A.teacher B.luck C.time D.ability16.A.wasted B.ignored C.pickedup D.putin17.A.answer B.grade C.pay D.gift18.A.hope B.forget C.worry D.promise19.A.different B.important C.hard D.interesting20.A.grateful B.sorry C.polite D.useful第二部分閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。DanaCummingswasinhisthirtiesbeforehefirstwentsurfing.But,evenmoreinterestingisthatDanaCummingschosetolearnthesportafterlosingaleginacaraccident.Now,nineyearslater,hehelpsotherdisabled(傷殘的)peoplelearnhowtoridethewavesinAmpSurf.OnthecoastofMaine,heisworkingwith27-year-oldMatthewFish,whoispartlyblind.CummingstakesholdofFishandleadshimintotheocean.Thesurfboardfloatsnexttothem.Fishliesonthesurfboard.Hetriestostanduponit.Afterafewattempts(嘗試)heisupandridingallthewaybacktoland.“Thatwasexciting,”Fishsays.Acaraccidentin2002tookDanaCummings’leg.Hesaysthecrashchangedhimmorethanjustphysically.“Losingmylegmademerealizehowprecious(珍貴的)lifeisandgetoffthecouchandstartliving.IdomorethingsnowthanIeverdidbefore.NextweekIamgoingtocompeteinacontestinHawaii,”Danasays.OneyearlaterDanaCummingsformedAmpSurf.AmpSurfisagroupthatvolunteerstoholdsurfingclassesandeventsforpeoplewithallkindsofdisabilities.Recently,AmpSurftookitstrainingprogramstotheEastCoast.ElevenstudentsattendedtheclassinMaine.TheycamefromalloverthenortheasternUnitedStates.DanaCummingsthinksAmpSurfcanchangethewayadisabledpersonthinks.“Mostpeoplewithdisabilitiesconsiderhimselforherselfunluckyanduseless,butwewantthemtoseewhattheycando.Whocaresyouloseyourlegoryouareblind,whatever?Havefun.Justenjoylife.Takethemostadvantageofityoucan,”Danasays.21.MatthewFishthinkslearningtoridethewavesis_____.A.boring B.easy C.interesting D.difficult22.WhendidDanaCummingssetupAmpSurfaccordingtothetext?A.In2002. B.In2003. C.In2008. D.In2011.23.AccordingtoDanaCummings,AmpSurfcan_____.A.easethephysicalpainofthedisabledB.helpthedisabledlearntogetusedtotheirlifeC.changetheattitudeofthedisabledtowardslifeD.makethedisabledpaymoreattentiontotheirdisabilities24.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DanaCummings—agreatsurferB.AmpSurf—atraininggroupC.HowtolearntolivewithdisabilitiesD.Disabledsurfersridethewaves第三部分（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。FivestepstobetterhandwritingSomekidslovehandwriting,butothershatewhenit’stimetoputtheirpentopaper.Maybetheyareworriedabouttheirhandwriting.Areyouoneofthem?25Herearefivestepsthatreallywork!GetagreatgraspTrythis—holdyourpencilatthetopandtrytowriteyourname.Prettyhard?Butwhenyouholdyourpencilthecorrectway,writingismucheasier.26Holditinplacewithyourthumb,andyourindex(食指)andmiddlefingers.LetthelinesbeyourguideLinedpaperisyourfriend!Thoselinescanhelpyoucreatelettersthataretherightsizeandproportion(均衡).27Alsobesuretofillupthelinedspacecompletely.Thosecapitallettersshouldbefromthebottomlinetothetopone.SlowdownIfyourwritingishardtoread,tryslowingdownalittle.Ifyourush,it’shardtocontrolwhereyoustopandstartyourletters.Lowerthepressure(壓力)28Thatmakesithardertomakethesmoothlines.Tryeasingupanddon’tholdthepenciltootightly.29Lotsofgamesrequireyoutowriteordrawpictures.Soeventhoughit’snotschoolwork,you’restillusingtheskillsyouneedtocontrolyourpenbetter.A.PlaygamesB.AskformoreadviceC.So“a”shouldbehalftheheightofacapital“A”.D.You’vebeenwritingsinceyouwerealittlekid.E.Somekidspressdownreallyhardwhentheywrite.F.Thegoodnewsisthatjustabouteveryonecanimprovetheirhandwriting.G.Thebestwaytoholdapenorpencilistoletitrestnexttothebaseofyourthumb.第四部分：寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)：短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。MyyoungcousinTomseemstohaveendlessquestiontoaskeveryday.Oneday,heaskedmehowlifeonearthbeganafterwatchafilm.Tobehonest,thequestionremainsapuzzletome.Therefore,inordernottolethimdown,Ifoundtheanswerinabook.Itsays,“Longagotheearthwasaclouddust.Thedustsettledintoasolidglobebeforebillionsofyears.Theearthbecamesuchviolentthatitexplodedloud.Thenwater,thatisimportantforlifetodevelop,begantoappear.Asthetimewenton,differentlifeformsbegan.”第二節(jié)：書面表達（滿分25分）Writeashortpassageabouthowlifedevelopedontheearthinyourownwords.課后反思應在今后的教學設計中繼續(xù)降低難度，設計更多易于激發(fā)學生興趣，易于學生掌握的教學活動，采用探究式及任務型等多種學習方式，提供語言運用平臺，讓學生在“用中學，學中用”，使學生獲得自主學習，合作學習和探究學習的能力，把文章中的長難句通過多種形式加強訓練，使學生自然輕松地獲取和運用知識。課標分析根據(jù)《英語新課程標準》（實驗稿）關于總目標的具體描述，結合高一學生實際和教材內(nèi)容，我們將教學目標分為語言知識、語言技能、學習策略、情感態(tài)度、文化意識五個方面。語言知識（Knowledge）詞匯（Vocabulary）：能理解、內(nèi)化、運用以下生詞--atmosphere,violent--violence,solid,explode,oxygen,surface,planet,harmful—harm,development—develop,spread,method,presence,telescope,disappointed,force,gradually,float,短語(Phrasesandexpressions)：thesolarsystem,intime,carbondioxide,prevent…from,dependon,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,功能(Functions)：學習掌握一些用于陳述問題及給予意見的結構，如：Myproblem/troubleis……?Thedifficulty/questionis…Myadvice/suggestionis…WhatIthinkaboutitis…Pleasepayattentionto…Makesureyou…Watchoutfor…語法(Grammar)：掌握和運用名詞性從句。如：1.Whatisneededforthespacetripiscarefulpreparation.2.Whythereisgravityishardtounderstand.3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonit’ssurface.2．語言技能(Skills)聽：能通過聽前預測，抓關鍵詞來捕捉特定信息從而聽懂理解文章。說：能熟練掌握與話題相關的常用詞匯與表達，如：如何通過英語來正確客觀地表述問題及給予意見，同時使學生能就話題較好地完成一些開放性話題，以提高在真實語境中的英語交際能力。讀：獲取關于astronomy的相關信息,且進行skimming,scanning,carefulreading,generalization;inference等閱讀微技能訓練。寫：能通過輸入對本單元內(nèi)容有一個較好的輸出。3學習策略(Strategy)：學生能在一定程度上形成合作學習、自主學習、有效交際、信息處理和英語思維的能力。如：培養(yǎng)學生使用圖書館、網(wǎng)絡查閱有關星球的資料。4．情感態(tài)度(Affect)：讓學生了解生命的起源，增強其保護地球的意識。培養(yǎng)學生正確的閱讀觀，和良好的閱讀習慣，加強其自主閱讀的能力。培養(yǎng)學生科學探索的精神。培養(yǎng)學生合作和共享的學習態(tài)度。5文化意識(Culturalawareness)：通過學生自主探究來認識各國對太空，對星球的研究，以及他們對世界航天事業(yè)不同的影響。Unit4Astronomy:HowlifeBeganontheEarthDesignedby:ZongchenghuaLearningaims:1Knowledgeaim:toknowthedevelopmentoflife.2Abilityaim:toformagoodhabitofreading.3Emotionalaim:Raiseourawarenessofprotectingtheearth.Step1:SkimmingSkimthepassageforthemainideaofthewholepassageandeachparagraph.SkimmingforthemainideaofthetextThetextmainlytellsus______Theearth’satmosphereThesolarsystemTheformationoftheearthandthedevelopmentoflifeontheearthThedifferencebetweentheearthandotherplanetsMatchthemainideawitheachparagraphPara.1a)ThearrivalofhumansandtheireffectontheearthPara.2b)ThedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearthPara.3c)AwidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniversePara.4d)TheimportanceofwaterforlifePara.5e)TheformationoftheearthStep2:ScanningScanparagraphs1-3andfinishtheexercises.Stage1Readandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?______________________________________________________________________2.Whatisthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth?______________________________________________________________________Stage2:Thedevelopmentoftheearth(1)AftertheBigBang,whatwastheearthlike?______________________________________________________________________(2)Whathappenednext?______________________________________________________________________(3)Whatappearedastheearthcooleddown?_____________________________________________________________________Stage3:Howdidtheearthcomeintobeing?1________________________________→2_____________________________→3__________________________________→4_____________________________________→5__________________________________→6____________________________________→7_____________________________________Step3:ScanningStage1:Scanparagraphs4-5andfinishtheexercises。1.Whatlifedevelopedafterwaterappeared?__________________________________________________________________________2.Whatlifedevelopedinwaternext?___________________________________________________________________________3.Whataboutthelifeonland?___________________________________________________________________________4.Whatlifedevelopednextonland?______________________________________________________________________________5.Whatlifedevelopedafterforestsappeared?_____________________________________________________________________________6.Whatlifedevelopedafterdinosaurs?____________________________________________________________________________7.Whatlifedevelopedaftermammals?_______________________________________________________________________________Stage2:TrueorfalseReptileswereanimalsliveonlandaswellasinthewater.()Fishappearedbeforesmallwaterplants.()Bothdinosaursandreptilesfeedyoungonmilk.()Thereasonforthedisappearanceofdinosaursisunknowntous.()Mammalsbecamemoreandmore