湖南省郴州市第十二中學2021-2022學年高二英語上學期期末試卷含解析

湖南省郴州市第十二中學2021-2022學年高二英語上學期期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.You’vedonesomuchwork-you’re

passtheexam.

A.addictedto

B.boundto

C.dueto

D.accustomedto參考答案：B略2.Studentsare________thetelescopestoseestarsclearly.

A.adjustingto

B.tendingto

C.adjusting

D.tending參考答案：C3.

heneededmoremoneytocarryoutthetaskhetookchargeof,herushedtotheconstructionsite.A.Havingdeclared

B.DeclaredC.Declaring

D.Todeclare參考答案：A【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：聲稱它需要更多的錢來完成他所負責的任務后，他就沖到工地。he與declare之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，表示主動，應該用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，而且declare發(fā)生在rushed之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語，故A項正確。4.Noone______bemoregenerous;hehasaheartofgold.

A.dare

B.must

C.could

D.need參考答案：C5.Couldyoupleasetellourradiolisteners

madeyoubecomeavolunteer?A.what

B.when

C.where

D.how

參考答案：A6.Theinventionofsteamenginegreatlyspeduptheindustrialrevolution,which_____alottothetake-offoftheworld.A.turned

B.contributed

C.constructed

D.exposed參考答案：B7.---Ibetyouwillgoonatripaftergraduation.---______.Ican’twait!A.SurelyIwill

B.Goahead

C.Takeiteasy

D.Mypleasure參考答案：A考察交際用語。A當然，我會的；B去做吧！C別擔心；D我的榮幸。根據(jù)Ican’twait!可知我一定回去旅游的。結合句意可知A正確。句意：—我打賭你畢業(yè)以后再去旅游?！斎晃視?，我已經等不及了。8.--It’sreportedthatover1billionpeoplewatchedtheliveopeningceremony

of______2010SouthAfricaWorldCuponTV.---Yes,newscameas______shocktome.A.the;the B./;a C.the;a D.a;the參考答案：C9.Moderneducationis_____sittingatadeskandlookingattheblackboard.A.nomorethan B.notlessthan

C.morethan

D.lessthan參考答案：C10.Hisbloodtypeissorare(稀有)thatit’sdifficulttofindanytypeto_______his.

A.fit

B.suit

C.match

D.agree參考答案：C11.33．Youjobhereisonly______,foryouwillberemovedfromitwhenwehaveaproperpostforyou

A．original

B．accurate

C．initial

D．temporary參考答案：D略12.–Hi,Tony,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?

--Sorry._________.A.It’srepaired

B.It’sbeingrepaired

C.Ithasbeenrepaired

D.Ithadbeenrepaired參考答案：B13.Whentheministercamein,thetwocheatersweresittingbeforetheweaver,

busily.A.pretendingworking B.pretendedhavingworkedC.pretendingtobeworking D.pretendedtohaveworked參考答案：C14.______hereadinterestedhisyoungerbrother.A.Nomatterwhat

B.Whatever

C.Nomatterhow

D.However參考答案：B15.Theoldtower______theMingDynastyremainsingoodcondition.A.datesfrom

B.datingbackto

C.datingback

D.datesbackto參考答案：B16.We’llhaveapicnicintheSummerPalacethisSunday

itrains. A.since B.if C.until D.unless參考答案：D試題分析：考查從句連接詞辨析。句意：這個周日，我們將去公園野炊，除非下雨或天氣非常寒冷。A自從，由于；B如果；C直到；D除非，如果不。until常與not連用，構成not...until...直到......才......句型，故選D。二、完型填空17.IwasborninNewYorkCity.MyfirstsevenyearswerespentinManhattan,andthenwemovedtotheBronx.Asachildwithastrong___21___forknowledge,Iwenttoapublicschoolandreceivedagood___22___educationthere.AttheendofmyhighschoolIdecidedtomajorinscienceand,inparticular,___23___.Oneofthe___24___factorsmayhavebeenthatmygrandfather,whomIloveddearly,diedofcancerwhenIwas15.Iwas___25___motivatedtodosomethingthatmighteventually___26___acureforthisterribledisease.Withgreateffortsandhelpfrommyparents,I___27___graduateschoolatNewYorkUniversityin1939.Iwastheonlyfemaleinmygraduatechemistryclass,and___28___myMasterofSciencedegreeinchemistryin1941.Iwasdoingmyresearchinto___29___withotherscientists.Whenwebegantoseetheresultsofour___30___intheformofnewdrugswhichfilledreal___31___needsandbenefitedpatientsinvery___32___ways,ourfeelingof___33___wasimmeasurable.Overthe___34___,myworkbecamebothmyvocationandavocation（業(yè)余愛好）.___35___,Ibecameanenthusiasticphotographerand___36___.Ihavetraveledfairlywidelyovertheworld,buttherestillremainmanyplacesformetoexplore.___37___majorinterestismusicandIamanoperalover.Ialso___38___concerts,balletandtheater.Inmy___39___careerIwaspromotedfrequently,andin1967IwasappointedHeadoftheDepartmentofExperimentalTherapy,apositionwhichI___40___untilIretiredin1983.21.A.feeling

B.desire

C.taste

D.worry22.A.further

B.higher

C.basic

D.adult23.A.politics

B.physics

C.math

D.chemistry24.A.deciding

B.typical

C.interesting

D.available25.A.primarily

B.racially

C.highly

D.unwillingly26.A.makeup

B.resultfrom

C.accountfor

D.leadto27.A.entered

B.left

C.searched

D.built28.A.dropped

B.gained

C.exchanged

D.used29.A.music

B.photography

C.history

D.drugs30.A.games

B.accidents

C.efforts

D.behaviors31.A.medical

B.immediate

C.luxurious

D.extra32.A.dangerous

B.noticeable

C.kind

D.common33.A.safety

B.guilt

C.tiredness

D.reward34.A.weekends

B.months

C.years

D.holidays35.A.Consequently

B.However

C.Otherwise

D.Similarly36.A.writer

B.dancer

C.traveler

D.composer37.A.Other

B.Another

C.Theother

D.Some38.A.enjoy

B.dislike

C.direct

D.plan39.A.acting

B.amateur

C.teaching

D.professional40.A.held

B.chose

C.changed

D.found參考答案：21.B

22.C

23.D

24.A

25.C

26.D

27.A

28.B

29.D

30.C

31.A

32.B

33.D

34.C

35.B

36.C

37.B

38.A

39.D

40.A試題分析：本文屬于記敘文，介紹了作者一輩子追求夢想的過程。因爺爺患癌癥去世，所以作者立志學醫(yī)，最后成為一名出色的醫(yī)學專家，同時作者涉獵廣泛，有很多的興趣愛好。21.B考查名詞辨析。名詞feeling感覺；desire欲望；taste品味；worry擔憂；根據(jù)后半句“我去了公立學校接受了很好的基礎教育”，可知我渴望獲得知識，才會去學校努力學習。故B正確。22.C考查常識。形容詞further更深入的；higher更高的；basic基礎的；adult成年的；根據(jù)14空前Asachild當時我還是一個孩子，所以我進入學校學習基礎知識。故C正確。23.D考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)48空前Iwastheonlyfemaleinmygraduatechemistryclass可知我化學專業(yè)畢業(yè)。說明我決定在大學中學習科學，尤其是學習化學專業(yè)。故D正確。24.A考查形容詞辨析。形容詞deciding決定性的；typical典型的；interesting有趣的；available存在的，可以得到的；化學專業(yè)是醫(yī)學類中的一個決定性專業(yè)，作者想學習治療癌癥的方法，所以必須學習化學。光顧A正確。25.C考查副詞辨析。副詞primarily首要地；racially種族地；highly高度地；深深地；unwillingly不愿意地；作者的爺爺在她15歲的時候死于癌癥，這給她很大的動力去學習醫(yī)學。所以使用highly表示程度。故C正確。26.D考查動詞短語辨析。短語makeup化妝，編造，彌補，組成；resultfrom由于；accountfor占據(jù);leadto導致，帶來；我要去做一些事情，這些事情可以帶來對癌癥的治愈。故D正確。27.A考查動詞辨析。動詞enter進入；leave離開；search尋找；build建設；在父母親的幫助下，在1939年我進入了紐約研究所。所以使用動詞enter。28.B考查動詞辨析。動詞drop跌落，下降；gain獲得，贏得；exchange交換；use使用；動詞gain表示經過努力贏得某物；本句表示我經過努力獲得了理科學位。故B正確。29.D考查上下文串聯(lián)。名詞music音樂；photography照片；history歷史；drug藥物；根據(jù)第一段可知我決心學習醫(yī)學，使用我和其他的科學家在對藥物進行研究。故D正確。30.C考查名詞辨析。名詞games游戲；accident事故；effort努力；behavior行為；當我們回頭看自己的努力的結果時候，我們努力的結果是一些新的藥物，這些藥物填補了人們的醫(yī)學需要。故C正確。31.A考查上下文串聯(lián)。我學習的是醫(yī)學，我們努力發(fā)明出一些新的藥物，這些藥物以一種可以看見的方式滿足了人們對藥物的需要。故A正確。32.B考查形容詞辨析。形容詞dangerous危險的；noticeable可以注意到的；kind善良的；common常見的；作者和其他科學家一起發(fā)明出很多藥物，這些成就是人們可以看見的。故B正確。33.D考查名詞辨析。名詞safety安全；guilt內疚；tiredness疲憊；reward回報；當人們的努力得到回報的時候，那種有回報的感覺是難以衡量的。本句是指作者的努力有了回報。故D正確。34.C考查常識。根據(jù)后半句：我的工作成為了我的假期和業(yè)余愛好。這不是在周末、月和假期中形成的，而是多年的習慣。我一直很努力，在假期里也從事這藥物研究。故C正確。35.B考查上下文串聯(lián)。副詞consequently所以，因此；however然而；otherwise否則，要不然；similarly類似地；根據(jù)后一句Ibecameanenthusiasticphotographer我成為攝影師，我之前的夢想是找到癌癥的治療方法，但是我卻成為了攝影師。上下文之間存在轉折關系，所以使用however表示轉折。故B正確。36.C考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后句Ihavetraveledfairlywidelyovertheworld可知我很喜歡旅行，所以物品成為了一名旅游家。故C正確。37.B考查上下文串聯(lián)。上句中作者提到自己很喜歡攝影和旅游，除這兩項之外的另外一個愛好是音樂，所以使用形容詞another表示三者或三者以上的另外一個。故B正確。38.A考查動詞辨析。動詞enjoy喜歡；dislike不喜歡；direct指揮；plan計劃；根據(jù)上一句可知我很喜歡音樂，所以我喜歡聽音樂會、芭蕾和喜劇等。這些都是和音樂有關的行為。故A正確。39.D考查上下文串聯(lián)。形容詞acting表演；amateur業(yè)余的；teaching教育的；professional職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的；根據(jù)in1967IwasappointedHeadoftheDepartmentofExperimentalTherapy可知我被任命為的負責人，說明我在專業(yè)上提升很快。故D正確。40.A考查動詞辨析。動詞hold抓住，握住，持有，堅持；choose選擇；change改變；find找到；我在theDepartmentofExperimentalTherapy的負責人的職位上待了很多年直到1983年我退休。故A正確?！久麕燑c睛】在完形填空中，長難句一直是考生難以克服的閱讀障礙。長難句可以按照以下步驟進行分析：1、首先確定句子是簡單句、復合句或并列句。2、如果是簡單句，首先確定主謂結構；接著確定賓語和賓語補足語（如有的話）；然后確定定語和狀語等次要成分，即找出主語、謂語和賓語各自的修飾語。按照所確定的各個成分，給出全句大意（可用翻譯法）。譯文意思應當通順，并和上下文意義基本吻合。如意義出入較大，文理不通，則分析可能有誤，這時應考慮重新進行句子結構分析。3、如果是并列句，首先應找出并列連詞并把全句分解為若干個分句；接著按照簡單句的分析方法再細分各分句的內部結構和句意；然后將全句綜合考慮。4、如果是復合句，首先找出從屬連詞并確定出主句，這時應特別注意連詞省略現(xiàn)象和多義連詞在句中的確切含義；接著按照簡單句的分析方法再細分各分句的內部結構和句意；然后確定從句的性質，即該從句在句中修飾什么詞語或結構；最后整體考慮全句大意，尤其要注意對修飾語的判斷是否準確。三、長難句分析的注意事項在分析句子成分時，還應特別注意下列幾點：1、是否有同位語和插入語。2、是否有省略、倒裝和分隔等現(xiàn)象。3、替代詞的所指對象。4、判斷并列成分的層次。5、句首的并列連詞and、or、but、for通常起承上啟下的作用，不要將他們歸入后文的句法分析。6、在從句多的句子中，從句中又包含從句的現(xiàn)象。7、非限定動詞短語在句中作次要成分（定語和狀語）時又帶著自己較長的從屬成分，尤其是狀語從句或賓語從句時的結構分析。8、在有多個從句的復合句和并列句中，狀語（單個詞、短語或從句）究竟是全句的修飾語還是某個從句或詞語的修飾語。【第四段第二句】Whenwebegantoseetheresultsofoureffortintheformofnewdrugswhichfilledrealmedicalneedsandbenefitedpatientsinverynoticeableways,ourfeelingofrewardwasimmeasurable.分析：本句是一個復合結構，同時從句中還有從句，句子結構比較復雜。首先句中有when引導的時間狀語從句，該從句中還有一個定語從句whichfilledrealmedicalneedsandbenefitedpatientsinverynoticeableways修飾先行詞newdrugs。三、閱讀理解18.

Thebestwaytocomefirstistogolast.Ananalysisofalmost50yearsofcompetitions—includingEurovisionSongContestsandworldskatingchampionships—hasfoundthatcontestantsaremorelikelytowiniftheyareamongthelasttoappearbeforethejudges.

ThestudybyanAmericanuniversityappearstoprovidescientificproofthatthebestman,orwoman,doesnotalwayswin.

Itfoundthat,onaverage,thelastcompetitortoappearintheEurovisionSongContestwasmorethantwiceaslikelytowinastheonewhowentonfirst.

Thefirstroundsoffigure-skatingchampionships,forwhichtherunningorderisselectedatrandom,showedmoredramaticresults.Thefinalskaterhada14percentchanceofvictory,makinghimorhermorethanfourtimesaslikelytowinasthefirstskater.

Thestudyshowedagradualworseningofchancesforcompetitorswhoappearedearlierintherunningorder.Acontestantwhoappearsfirstinacontestistwopercentlesslikelytowinthanonewhoappearssecond.Acontestantwhoappearssecondistwopercentlesslikelytowinthanonewhoappearsthird,andsoon.

ThefindingsarepublishedintheMarchissueofActaPsychologica,ascientificjournal.

RobertHardman,aseniorlecturerinpsychologyatLondonMetropolitanUniversitywhospecializesinthescienceofdecision-making,saidthattheresultswereinteresting.Hesuggestedthattheeffectwascausedbythelimitationsofthehumanmemory.

“Whenpeoplemakecomparisons,theyaren’treallyabletomakealotoffine-gradediscrimination.Whencontestantsappearatthebeginningofacontest,judgeshavelittletocomparethemtoandareperhapswary(謹慎的)ofthescorestheygive,”hesaid.

“Lateron,whenjudgesareabletocomparethecontestantstothosethathavegonebefore,theymightgivemoreextrememarksbecausetheyfeelmoreconfidentabouttheirjudgments.”71.RobertHardman’swordsmainlytellabouthis

.

A.ownachievementintheresearch

B.explanationforthefindings

C.suggestiontosolvetheproblem

D.commentsonthefindings72.Thefirstskaterinthefirstroundoffigureskatingchampionshipshadabouta

percentchanceofwinning.

A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five73.Accordingtothestudy,thebestcompetitordoesnotalwayswinpossiblybecause

he/she

.

A.failstoshowhis/herverybest

B.ismistakenlyputintherunningorder

C.meetswithunfairjudges

D.appearstooearlybeforethejudges74.Judgingfromthecontext,theunderlinedword“worsening”inthe5thparagraphshould

mean

.

A.decreaseinnumber

B.increaseindegree

C.reductioninpossibility

D.risinginquantity75.Whatmaybeaproblemwiththejudgesaccordingtothearticle?

A.Theycan’trememberthingswellenough.

B.Theybelievethefirstisseldomthebest.

C.Theydon’treallyknowwhatisgood.

D.Theyshowfavortowardsthecontestantstheylike.參考答案：71-75BBDCA略19.Haveyoueverbeentalkingtosomebodyattheparty?Doyoufocusentirelyonthepersonyouarespeakingwithordoesyourattentionkeepjumpingaroundtheroomtoalltheotherpeoplethere?Generallyspeaking,ifthepersonissomeoneyoureallywanttotalktoyouwillfocusonthem.Mostotherpeoplewillonlygetabouthalfofyourattention.YoumaythinkthatthisisOK,becauseifyoudon’treallywanttotalktothemthenwhatdoesitmatterifyoudon’tgivethemyourfullattention?Considertwothings.First,youmayjustnotrealizetheimportanceofthatconversation.IfyouareatanetworkingmeetingandyouhopetomeettheCEOofCompanyXbutyouenduptalkingtosomeonewhohasalow-leveljobatadifferentcompany,thenyoumayletyourattentionwanderasyouspeaktohim.Butmaybeyoudon’trealizethatthispersonhasalre